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trivia_qa_1505423	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Betsy Ross was a figure in the history of the USA in what century?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Betsy Ross - American Revolution - HISTORY.com Google Betsy Ross: An Early American Life Elizabeth Griscom was born on January 1, 1752, in the bustling colonial city of Philadelphia. She was the eighth of 17 children. Her parents, Rebecca James Griscom and Samuel Griscom were both Quakers. The daughter of generations of craftsman (her father was a house carpenter), young Betsy attended a Quaker school and was then apprenticed to William Webster, an upholsterer. In Webster’s workshop she learned to sew mattresses, chair covers and window blinds. Did You Know? An 1871 pamphlet enthusiastically not only credited Betsy Ross for designing the first U.S. flag, but for coming up with the name \"United States of America\" and writing a hymn that was the basis for the French anthem \"La Marseillaise.\" (There is no evidence to support either of those claims.) In 1773, at age 21, Betsy crossed the river to New Jersey to elope with John Ross, a fellow apprentice of Webster’s and the son of an Episcopal rector—a double act of defiance that got her expelled from the Quaker church. The Rosses started their own upholstery shop, and John joined the militia. He died after barely two years of marriage. Though family legend would attribute John’s death to a gunpowder explosion, illness is a more likely culprit. The Story of the Betsy Ross Flag In the summer of 1776 (or possibly 1777) Betsy Ross, newly widowed, is said to have received a visit from General George Washington regarding a design for a flag for the new nation. Washington and the Continental Congress had come up with the basic layout, but, according to legend, Betsy allegedly finalized the design, arguing for stars with five points (Washington had suggested six) because the cloth could be folded and cut out with a single snip. The tale of Washington’s visit to Ross was first made public in 1870, nearly a century later, by Betsy Ross’s grandson. However, the flag’s design was not fixed until later than 1776 or 1777. Charles Wilson Peale’s 1779 painting of George Washington following the 1777 Battle of Princeton features a flag with six-pointed stars. Betsy Ross was making flags around that time—a receipt shows that the Pennsylvania State Navy Board paid her 15 pounds for sewing ship’s standards. But similar receipts exist for Philadelphia seamstresses Margaret Manning (from as early as 1775), Cornelia Bridges (1776) and Rebecca Young, whose daughter Mary Pickersgill would sew the mammoth flag that later inspired Francis Scott Key to write “The Star-Spangled Banner.” Betsy Ross: Later Life, Work and Children In June 1777, Betsy married Joseph Ashburn, a sailor, with whom she had two daughters. In 1782 Ashburn was apprehended while working as a privateer in the West Indies and died in a British prison. A year later, Betsy married John Claypoole, a man who had grown up with her in Philadelphia’s Quaker community and had been imprisoned in England with Ashburn. A few months after their wedding, the Treaty of Paris was signed, ending the Revolutionary War. They went on to have five daughters. Over the next decades, Betsy Claypoole and her daughters sewed upholstery and made flags, banners and standards for the new nation. In 1810 she made six 18-by-24-foot garrison flags to be sent to New Orleans ; the next year she made 27 flags for the Indian Department. She spent her last decade in quiet retirement, her vision failing, and died in 1836, at age 84. Betsy Ross: A Legacy Unfurled The records of the U.S. flag’s origins are fragmentary in part because at the time Americans were indifferent to flags as national relics. “The Star-Spangled Banner” was written in 1812 but did not become popular until the 1840s. As the 1876 U.S. Centennial approached, enthusiasm for the flag increased. It was in that environment, in 1870, that Betsy Claypoole’s grandson William Canby presented the family tale to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. At the time several claims on the first flag were surfacing, ranging from other Philadelphia seamstresses to a New Hampshire quilting bee said to have fashioned th", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505424	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which saint's day is also known as Boxing Day?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "St. Stephen's Day \| holiday \| Britannica.com Christianity St. Stephen’s Day, also called Boxing Day, Wren Day, or Constitution Day, one of two holidays widely observed in honour of two Christian saints. In many countries December 26 commemorates the life of St. Stephen , a Christian deacon in Jerusalem who was known for his service to the poor and his status as the first Christian martyr (he was stoned to death in ad 36). In Hungary August 20 is observed in honour of King Stephen of Hungary , who united the country under Christianity in ad 1000 and was canonized in 1083 for his accomplishment. St. Stephen, stained-glass window, 19th century; in St. Mary’s Church, Bury St. Edmunds, Eng. © Ronald Sheridan/Ancient Art & Architecture Collection In the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries, the December 26 holiday is commonly known as Boxing Day , which takes its name from the practice of giving small gifts to household servants on that day for their work throughout the year. In Ireland the holiday is sometimes called Wren Day, because in the past a wren would be killed and taken door-to-door by children asking for money in exchange for a wren’s feather, which people believed brought good luck. The tradition of going house-to-house on St. Stephen’s Day survives in many countries, especially in Scandinavia, where the day is observed by visiting friends and going to parties. In Hungary August 20 is celebrated as St. Stephen’s Day in commemoration of when the saint’s relics—held sacred by Hungarian Catholics—were transferred to Buda (now part of Budapest). In 1949 the country’s communist regime promulgated a new constitution on that day with the intent of transforming the Christian-themed holiday into a politically inspired one, which they renamed Constitution Day. Following the collapse of the communist state in Hungary, however, the holiday was again celebrated as St. Stephen’s Day. One ritual entails carrying the case containing the relics of St. Stephen’s right hand in processions throughout the streets of Budapest. More modern festivities include fireworks and parades. Learn More in these related articles:", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505425	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; For what activity is Sir Anthony Carrow famous?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sir Anthony Caro - Sculptor 8 March 1924 - 23 October 2013 Blue Moon (2013) Anthony Caro (Sir Anthony Caro OM, CBE) has been a key figure in contemporary sculpture for half a century. Since his ground-breaking show at the Whitechapel London Gallery in 1963, his work has continued to move and expand in new and different directions.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505426	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What mainly microscopic life-form takes its name from the Greek word plagktos, meaning wandering?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Microbiology101506 Biology I Biology is Organic Chemistry and Chemistry is about Atoms and Molecules ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Organic compounds contain carbon.ï¿½ Large organic molecules are called Monomers. Polymersï¿½ are strings of Monomers, like pearls on a necklace.ï¿½ Polymersï¿½ can be digested by hydolysis (water break), the reversal of dehydration.ï¿½ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Carbohydrates include sugar, monosaccharides are simple sugar; disaccharides are double sugar; Polysaccharides are long chains of sugar units.ï¿½ Glucose & Fructose are isomers that have the same molecular formula but their atoms are arranged differently. Glucose is to cells what gasoline is to an engine, given to ambulance patients.ï¿½ Beer, candy, milk, malts are double sugars.ï¿½ Starch & grain are examples of Polysaccrarides, excess is stored in liver and muscle cells.ï¿½ Plants store glucose as starch.ï¿½ Animals store glucose as glycogen in muscles for physical activity. Starch can be converted to Glycogen.ï¿½ï¿½ Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on earth. Prokaryotes, ancient cells, in a cowï¿½s digestive tract can convert cellulose to a digestible form ï¿½ the by product of this chemical action is large amounts of methane. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Lipids are hydrophobic ( water-fearing) whereas Carbohydrates are hydrophilic (water loving), ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Fats consist largely of triglycerides, saturated and unsaturated.ï¿½ Broken chains are unsaturated, but can by be ï¿½hydrogenatedï¿½ and made saturated.ï¿½ Vegetable oils & fish are unsaturated.ï¿½ Plant oils as coco butter are saturated. ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Steroids include cholesterol, testosterone & estrogen.ï¿½ At right water fearing and water loving amino acids. ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ The human body has tens of thousands of different kinds of Proteins which is a polymer constructed of amino acid monomers.ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ The thousands of kinds of proteins are made from just 20 kinds of amino acids by varying the sequence of codes.ï¿½ Polypeptide chains, proteins, has a chain sequence specified by an inherited gene.ï¿½ These codes are stored in nucleic acid molecules. ï¿½ ï¿½ Nucleic acids are polymers called Nucleotides.ï¿½ Each DNA nucleotide, above left,ï¿½ has one of the following four bases shown at right:ï¿½ Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T). ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Nucleic acids are information storage molecules that provide the directions for building proteins.ï¿½ The name nuclei comes from their location in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells (subsequently described).ï¿½ï¿½ Each nucleotide monomer consists of three parts: a sugar, a phosphate & a nitrogenous base.ï¿½ There are two types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNAï¿½ The genetic material humans and other organisms inherit from their parents, consists of giant molecules of DNA. Within the DNA are genes, specific stretches of DNA that program the amino acid sequences (primary structure) of proteins. Those programmed instructions, however, are written in a kind of chemical code that must be translated from \"nucleic acid language\" to \"protein language.\" A cell's RNA molecules help translate. ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ (a) A DNA strand is a polymer of nucleotides linked into a backbone, with appendages consisting of the bases. A strand has a specific sequence of the four bases, abbreviated A, G , C, and T. (b)ï¿½ A double helix consists of two DNA stands held together by bonds between bases.ï¿½ The bonds are individually weak ï¿½ but they zip thi tow stands together with a cumulative strength that gies the double helix itï¿½s stability. The base pairing si specific: A always pairs with T; G always pairs with C. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ The above right RNA nucleotide differs from the previous DNA nucleotide as it has nitrogenous base Uracil (U) in place of (T).ï¿½ï¿½ RNA is usually found in single strand only while DNA is a double strand helix. ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505427	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What word for a wild or half-tamed horse derives from the Spanish word for rough wood and specifically a knot in wood?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Broncos vs. Panthers – mashed radish Categories Uncategorized In Groundhog vs. Shadow, Punxsutawney Phil easily walked to victory: his shadow didn’t even show up for his wintry wrangling with the woodchuck earlier this week. But we’ve got a bigger animal fight ahead. No, I’m not talking about Donkey vs. Elephant – or, at this point in the 2016 presidential campaign, Donkey vs. Donkey and Elephant vs. Elephant. I’m talking about that other great American mascot match: the Denver Broncos vs. the Carolina Panthers. Yes, Super Bowl 50 is this Sunday, so let’s see how bronco and panther stack up against each other – etymologically speaking. Bronco Bronco has been bucking in English since the mid-1800s. Cowboys in the now American Southwest saddled this word from the Mexican Spanish bronco, whose meaning of “rough” or “wild” aptly characterizes this “untamed or half-tamed horse.” OK, Denver is starting aggressively with some big pass plays, the commentators observe. Etymologists also note this bronco can describe “rough” wood and, as a noun, refer to “a knot in wood.” The receivers just couldn’t connect. It’s 3 and out. The Broncos kick. We aren’t fully sure of the origin of bronco from here, but some suggest Spanish borrowed the word from the Vulgar Latin, bruncus, meaning “projecting” like a sharp point. Interception! The Broncos have the ball back. This bruncus may blend broccus (“projecting”) and truncus (“trunk of a tree”). The former is related to broach, the latter trunk. And Denver converts the interception into a field goal. Panther Panther has long been stalking English. It appears in Old English, loaned from Latin: panthēra, originally some kind of spotted big cat like the leopard. Panther was borrowed again in Middle English, this time from French, panthere, though from the same Latin jungle. Carolina opens conservatively with a few rush plays. Now, the Latin derives from the Greek, πάνθηρ (panther), which ancient philologists claimed joins pan (παν-, “all”) and ther (θήρ, “wild beast”). “All beast”? Yes, the panther was once fancied as a composite of many wild animals, a “fabulous hybrid of a lion and a pard,” as the Oxford English Dictionary explains. Cam Newtown goes long…and it’s first and goal for Carolina! This mythical panther also “exhaled sweet breath,” the OED continues. Now a big third and goal here – Carolina has fumbled the ball at the 2 yard line! But the panther’s sweet breath, emanating whenever it roared, attracts all animals cave. Except for its nemesis , the dragon. A detail of the panther (center), scaring off the dragon and trailed by a retinue of other animals, from the 12th Aberdeen Bestiary, held by Aberdeen University. Image from Wikimedia Commons , source from the Aberdeen Bestiary . The officials rule Carolina has recovered the football. As fascinating as this “all beast” etymology may be, it’s as fanciful as the creature it conjures up. Scholars believe Greek borrowed its panther from a language in Asia Minor. Many point to the Sanskrit puṇḍárīkas, “tiger” (though one of Skeat’s sources suggests “elephant”). Earnest Klein adds that the Sanskrit literally means “the yellowish (animal),” from a base word meaning “whitish yellow.” Carolina kicks it in for 3. If the etymology of bronco and panther is any measure, it should be a fun Super Bowl. Perhaps Carolina will prove to be bronco-busters, breaking in those untamed horses. Or maybe Denver will make Carolina drink panther piss (or juice or sweat), which is some potent hooch indeed. I, for one, will be getting ready for a skirmish of my own: Chip vs. Guacamole. And you can gear up with my old post on the origin of Super Bowl . m ∫ r ∫", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505428	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which UNESCO World Heritage Site, built mainly by Abraham Derby is found in Shropshire?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Quakers in the World - The Darby Family: Abraham Darby I, II, III Quakers in the World QUAKERS IN ACTION The Darby Family: Abraham Darby I, II, III Abraham Darby I (1678 - 1717) was the son of a farmer and locksmith, from Staffordshire, England. He was apprenticed to Jonathan Freeth, who made malt mills (for brewing beer). In 1699 he married Mary Sergeant and moved to Bristol, where he set up his own malt mill business. However he soon shifted to brass casting and joined other Quakers to found the Bristol Brass Company. Darby clearly had an inquiring and inventive mind, and his interest in metals didn’t stop at brass. Dutch craftsmen were using cast iron to make hollowware (pots and pans) and he went to the Netherlands in 1704 to study their methods. He set up a small ironworks and he and fellow Quaker John Thomas began to experiment with different (and cheaper) ways of making cast iron hollowware. In1707 they patented their innovative sand casting method: now they could produce cast iron hollowware at a fraction of the cost of their Dutch counterparts. In 1709 Abraham Darby I moved to Coalbrookdale in Shropshire, on the Welsh border, where all the raw materials he needed were close at hand. He took over the derelict furnace there, and rebuilt it. He started to experiment again, this time with fuel. Soon they were using coking coal instead of charcoal to smelt the iron: coking coal was plentiful, had fewer impurities, and produced a better quality of metal, so it was a vast improvement. Although not the first coke fired furnace in Europe it was the first to remain productive for several years. This change of fuel was a major breakthrough and the consequent mass production of iron certainly helped accelerate the industrial revolution. Abraham Darby I died in 1717 when his son Abraham Darby II (1711–1763) was only six. His mother Mary partnered with fellow Quakers Thomas Goldney and her son-in-law Richard Ford, to form the first Coalbrookdale Company. Mary died a year later so Richard Ford protected the interests of young Abraham until he could join the company in 1732. Abraham Darby II was an innovator like his father. Within ten years he had solved the problem of water supply for the furnace by introducing a steam engine to recycle used water. His initiative enabled the company to expand through taking leases on other furnaces in the area. After Ford’s death in 1745 Abraham II took over the management of the firm. In 1757 another Quaker, Richard Reynolds of Bristol, (who later married Darby’s daughter Hannah) was taken into partnership. He helped Abraham with his expansion plans and made a key innovation himself. Packhorses had been towing vast quantities of iron and coal along wooden rails, which soon wore out: Reynolds replaced the wooden rails with longer-lasting cast iron ones in 1767, setting a precedent for all future railways. Abraham Darby III (1750 – 1789) was only thirteen when his father died in 1763, so Richard Reynolds took control. Abraham joined the firm in 1768 followed a few years later by his younger brother Samuel. All three Darbys, and Richard Reynolds, were good employers. Coalbrookedale had a school, workers’ cottages, and lovely country walks. The ironworks paid higher wages than the local potteries or mining. In times of food shortages Abraham III bought up farms and grew food for his workers. The 1770s was a period of expansion for Coalbrookdale, and a bridge across the river Severn was badly needed. Shares were issued to raise the £3,200 required to build the world’s first cast iron bridge, using an innovative arch design, and Darby agreed to fund any overspend. Although it had been predicted that 300 tons of iron would be needed (costing £7 a ton), 379 tons were eventually used. This and other cost overruns amounted to nearly £3000 over and above what had been anticipated. Darby bore most of the cost over-run, and was in debt for the rest of his short life. The bridge was completed in 1781 and made Coalbrookdale famous. The village of Ironbridge sprang up and the area became know", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505429	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the name of Gollum before he committed murder to obtain the ring?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Gollum \| The One Wiki to Rule Them All \| Fandom powered by Wikia — Gollum referring to the Ring Gollum, originally known as Sméagol (or Trahald), was at first a Stoor , one of the three early Hobbit-types. The name Gollum was derived from the sound of his disgusting gurgling, choking cough. His birth can be estimated to have happened in the year TA 2430 . His death date is given as March 25 , 3019 . His life was extended far beyond its natural limits by the effects of possessing the One Ring . At the time of his death, Sméagol was about 589 years old, a remarkable age for a creature that was once a Hobbit , but he had been deformed and twisted in both body and mind by the corruption of the Ring. His chief desire was to possess the Ring that had enslaved him, and he pursued it for many years after Bilbo Baggins found it while walking in the Misty Mountains in the book The Hobbit. In the movies, he was a deuteragonist-turned-secondary antagonist. Contents Sméagol wanting to take the Ring from Déagol before killing him Sméagol in his \"journey\" into becoming Gollum while beginning to possess the Ring Once a predecessor of the Stoorish Hobbits , Sméagol spent the early years of his life living with his extended family under a Matriarch , his grandmother. Around the year TA 2463 , Sméagol became the fourth Bearer of the One Ring, after Sauron , Isildur , and Déagol . Déagol was his cousin, and on Sméagol's birthday, they went fishing in the Gladden Fields north of the mountains. It was there that Déagol found a gold ring, after being pulled into the water by a large fish. Almost immediately, Sméagol fell to the power of the ring and demanded it as a birthday present. When Deágol refused, Sméagol promptly flew into a barbaric rage and fought with Deagol over the ring, choking him to death and taking the ring as his own. Sméagol was quickly corrupted further by the ring and banished by his people; turned by his grandmother out of her hole, he was forced to find a home in a cave in the Misty Mountains in around TA 2470 . The Ring's malignant influence twisted his Hobbit body, as well as his mind, and prolonged his life far beyond its natural limits. He called it his \"Precious\" or his \"Birthday Present,\" the latter as a justification for killing Déagol. Life under the Misty Mountains Gollum in The Hobbit He lived in the Misty Mountains for over four hundred years, living on raw blind fish (which he caught from his small row boat), bats and Goblins when he could get them. Indeed, he made a song about raw fish, that he uses as a riddle to Bilbo and much later sings to Frodo in a longer version. In later years, he found Hobbit and Elven food repulsive. During his centuries under the Ring's influence, he developed a sort of dissociative identity disorder : Sméagol, his \"good\" personality, still vaguely remembered things like friendship and love, while Gollum, his \"bad\" personality, was a slave to the Ring and would kill anyone who tried to take it. Years later, Samwise Gamgee would name the good personality \"Slinker\" (for his fawning, eager-to-please demeanor), and the bad personality \"Stinker\". The two personalities often quarreled when he talked to himself (as Tolkien put it, \"through not having anyone else to speak to\") and had a love/hate relationship, mirroring Gollum's love and hatred for the Ring and for himself. Gollum living in the Misty Mountains In July, TA 2941 , during the Quest of Erebor , the Hobbit Bilbo Baggins stumbled upon the subterranean lake on which he lived and found Gollum's Ring . Gollum had lost the Ring while squabbling with an imp goblin in the network of caves leading to the lake, though in fact it is more proper to say that the Ring abandoned Gollum, for it was known to have a will of its own. As Gandalf says later, it looks after itself, trying to get back to Sauron. After the infamous Riddle Game , during which Gollum was unaware of his loss, Gollum refused to show Bilbo the promised way out and plotted to murder him. When he went to get his \"birthday present,\" however, he found that it was gone. He su", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505430	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Where is 'Reina Sofia Airport'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tenerife Sur Airport - Aena.es Tenerife Sur Airport Destinations rest of the world Origin Una vez haya focalizado una opción, pulse Intro para seleccionarla_EN Destination Una vez haya focalizado una opción, pulse Intro para seleccionarla_EN Date of outgoing flight", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505431	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which huntsman in Greek mythology was turned into a stag and was torn to pieces after surprising the goddess Artemis bathing?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Actaeon \| Define Actaeon at Dictionary.com Actaeon noun, Classical Mythology. 1. a hunter who, for having seen Diana bathing, was changed by her into a stag and was torn to pieces by his own hounds. Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for Actaeon Expand Hurricane Hurry W.H.G. Kingston I only thought of Curtiss as Actaeon being chivied round the billiard tables by the nymphs of Diana. British Dictionary definitions for Actaeon Expand noun 1. (Greek myth) a hunter of Boeotia who, having accidentally seen Artemis bathing, was turned into a stag and torn apart by his own hounds Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for Actaeon Expand in Greek mythology, the name of the hunter who discovered Artemis bathing and was changed by her to a stag and torn to death by his hounds. The name is of unknown origin. Sometimes used figuratively in 17c. for \"a cuckold\" (because of his \"horns\"). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505432	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; A woman named Pompeia was divorced in 62 BC in Rome after she was suspected of a crime despite there being no evidence of her wrongdoing. Whom was she married to?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Roman Principate: Gaius Julius Caesar Bona Dea Bona Dea was a divinity in ancient Roman religion. She was associated with chastity and fertility in women, healing, and the protection of the Roman state and people. According to Roman literary sources, she was brought from Magna Graecia at some time during the early or middle Republic, and was given her own state cult on the Aventine Hill. Her rites allowed women the use of strong wine and blood-sacrifice, things otherwise forbidden them by Roman tradition. Men were barred from her mysteries and the possession of her true name. The goddess had two annual festivals. One was held at her Aventine temple; the other was hosted by the wife of Rome's senior annual magistrate, for an invited group of elite matrons and female attendants. No men were permitted to attend, but a young patrician named Publius Clodius Pulcher managed to gain admittance disguised as a woman, apparently for the purpose of seducing Caesar's wife Pompeia. He was caught and prosecuted for sacrilege. Caesar gave no evidence against Clodius at his trial, careful not to offend one of the most powerful patrician families of Rome, and Clodius was acquitted after rampant bribery and intimidation. Nevertheless, Caesar divorced Pompeia, with the famous words - \"the wife of Caesar must be above suspicion.\" Governorship in Hispania After his praetorship, Caesar was appointed to govern Hispania Ulterior (Outer Iberia) in 61 BC (remember, the dates go backwards at this period !), but he was still in considerable debt and needed to satisfy his creditors before he could leave. He turned to Marcus Licinius Crassus, one of Rome's richest men. In return for political support in his opposition to the interests of Pompey, Crassus paid some of Caesar's debts, and acted as guarantor for others. Even so, to avoid becoming a private citizen and open to prosecution for his debts, Caesar left for his province before his praetorship had ended. In Hispania he conquered the Callaici and Lusitani, being hailed as 'imperator' by his troops, reformed the law regarding debts, and completed his governorship in high esteem. The Latin word imperator was originally a title roughly equivalent to 'commander' under the Roman Republic. Later it became a part of the titulature of the Roman Emperors as part of their cognomen. The English word emperor derives from imperator via Old French Empereür. The Roman emperors themselves generally based their authority on multiple titles and positions, rather than preferring any single title. Nevertheless, imperator was used relatively consistently as an element of a Roman ruler's title throughout the principate (derived from princeps, from which prince in English is derived). By the time Caesar returned to Rome mid-year in 60 BC, the senate had granted him the title of imperator (see above), a title which entitled him to a triumph, however, he also wanted to stand for consul, the most senior magistracy in the republic. If he were to celebrate a triumph, he would have to remain a soldier, and stay outside the city until the ceremony, but to stand for election he would need to lay down his command and enter Rome as a private citizen. He could not do both in the time available. He asked the senate for permission to stand in absentia, but Cato blocked the proposal. Faced with the choice between a triumph and the consulship, Caesar wisely chose the consulship. THE CONQUEST of GAUL Caesar was still deeply in debt, but there was money to be made as a governor, whether by extortion or by military adventurism. Caesar had four legions under his command, two of his provinces bordered on unconquered territory, and parts of Gaul were known to be unstable. Some of Rome's Gallic allies had been defeated by their rivals at the Battle of Magetobriga, with the help of a contingent of Germanic tribes. The Romans feared these tribes were preparing to migrate south, closer to Italy, and that they had warlike intent. Caesar raised two new legions and defeated these tribes. In response to Caesar's earlier activities, the tribe", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505433	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What did boxer Nelson Azumah change his name to?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Is Azumah Nelson Africa's greatest boxer? - CNN.com Is Azumah Nelson Africa's greatest boxer? From Errol Barnett, CNN Updated 7:17 AM ET, Fri August 10, 2012 Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. JUST WATCHED Boxing legend teaching next generation 02:54 Story highlights Azumah Nelson is a Ghanaian boxing legend, known as \"The Professor\" He was inducted in the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2004 Today he is working to create the next generation of Ghanaian boxers In his fighting days during the 1980s and 1990s, Ghanaian boxing legend Azumah Nelson's thudding jabs and powerful overhands earned him the moniker \"The Professor,\" named for the lessons he'd teach opponents inside the ring. A former three-time world champion, Nelson is often described as the best boxer to come out of the African continent. His daring feats inside the four corners of the ring made him a national hero in the West African country, while in 2004 \"The Professor\" became the first African to be inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame. Today, Nelson's nickname has taken on new meaning as the former champion now spends his time teaching the secrets of boxing to a new generation of athletes. \"The Professor\" has established the Azumah Nelson Foundation , a not-for-profit organization working to help Ghana's deprived youth realize their potential through education and sport. Photos: Boxing legend Azumah Nelson's career Photos: Boxing legend Azumah Nelson's career Boxing legend – Azumah Nelson (left) is a Ghanaian boxing legend, often described as the best fighter to come out of the African continent. Hide Caption 1 of 9 Photos: Boxing legend Azumah Nelson's career Boxing legend – He became known as \"The Professor,\" for the lessons he'd teach his opponents in the ring. Hide Caption Photos: Boxing legend Azumah Nelson's career World champion – Nelson won three world championsip titles during his illustrious career. Hide Caption 3 of 9 Photos: Boxing legend Azumah Nelson's career Boxing legend – Nelson celebrates his win after a bout against Jeff Fenech on 28 June 1991. Hide Caption 4 of 9 Photos: Boxing legend Azumah Nelson's career Boxing legend – Nelson knocks Mexico's Gabriel Ruelas down in the second round of their WBC Super Featherweight title bout in Indio, California, on 01 December 1995. Hide Caption 5 of 9 Photos: Boxing legend Azumah Nelson's career Boxing legend – Nelson celebrates after retaining his Super Featherweight title by beating James Leija in Las Vegas, Nevada, in 1996. Hide Caption 6 of 9 Photos: Boxing legend Azumah Nelson's career Helping the young – Today the boxing legend is working with young athletes, hoping to create a new generation of Ghanaian boxers. Hide Caption 7 of 9 Photos: Boxing legend Azumah Nelson's career New generation of boxers – One of Ghana's most popular sports, boxing is helping some young athletes to escape poverty. Hide Caption 8 of 9 Photos: Boxing legend Azumah Nelson's career King of the ring – Nelson remains a national hero in Ghana where he is known as the 'king of the ring.' Hide Caption", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505434	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which film of 1995 did Robert De Niro and Al Pacino appear on screen together for the first time?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Heat (1995) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A group of professional bank robbers start to feel the heat from police when they unknowingly leave a clue at their latest heist. Director: From $13.99 (HD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 37 titles created 26 Nov 2012 a list of 37 titles created 12 May 2013 a list of 31 titles created 26 Jul 2013 a list of 46 titles created 25 May 2014 a list of 33 titles created 03 Jan 2015 Search for \" Heat \" on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Greed, deception, money, power, and murder occur between two best friends, a mafia underboss and a casino owner, for a trophy wife over a gambling empire. Director: Martin Scorsese In Miami in 1980, a determined Cuban immigrant takes over a drug cartel and succumbs to greed. Director: Brian De Palma As corruption grows in 1950s LA, three policemen - one strait-laced, one brutal, and one sleazy - investigate a series of murders with their own brand of justice. Director: Curtis Hanson Henry Hill and his friends work their way up through the mob hierarchy. Director: Martin Scorsese Unscrupulous boxing promoters, violent bookmakers, a Russian gangster, incompetent amateur robbers, and supposedly Jewish jewelers fight to track down a priceless stolen diamond. Director: Guy Ritchie A mentally unstable Vietnam War veteran works as a night-time taxi driver in New York City where the perceived decadence and sleaze feeds his urge for violent action, attempting to save a preadolescent prostitute in the process. Director: Martin Scorsese A sole survivor tells of the twisty events leading up to a horrific gun battle on a boat, which begin when five criminals meet at a seemingly random police lineup. Director: Bryan Singer An undercover cop and a mole in the police attempt to identify each other while infiltrating an Irish gang in South Boston. Director: Martin Scorsese Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. Director: David Fincher A botched card game in London triggers four friends, thugs, weed-growers, hard gangsters, loan sharks and debt collectors to collide with each other in a series of unexpected events, all for the sake of weed, cash and two antique shotguns. Director: Guy Ritchie After a simple jewelry heist goes terribly wrong, the surviving criminals begin to suspect that one of them is a police informant. Director: Quentin Tarantino Disgruntled Korean War veteran Walt Kowalski sets out to reform his neighbor, a Hmong teenager who tried to steal Kowalski's prized possession: a 1972 Gran Torino. Director: Clint Eastwood Edit Storyline Hunters and their prey--Neil and his professional criminal crew hunt to score big money targets (banks, vaults, armored cars) and are, in turn, hunted by Lt. Vincent Hanna and his team of cops in the Robbery/Homicide police division. A botched job puts Hanna onto their trail while they regroup and try to put together one last big 'retirement' score. Neil and Vincent are similar in many ways, including their troubled personal lives. At a crucial moment in his life, Neil disobeys the dictum taught to him long ago by his criminal mentor--'Never have anything in your life that you can't walk out on in thirty seconds flat, if you spot the heat coming around the corner'--as he falls in love. Thus the stage is set for the suspenseful ending.... Written by Tad Dibbern <DIBBERN_D@a1.mscf.upenn.edu> A Los Angeles Crime Saga Genres: Rated R for violence and language \| See all certifications » Parents Guide: 15 December 1995 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Fuego contra fuego See more » Filming Locations: Justine was called Lillian in the original film: L.A. Takedown (1989). See more » Goofs When Vincent returns home before seeing his wife", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505435	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Football League Division One club is based at the New York Stadium?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "League One club, based Midlands, seeks stadium… \| PanStadia & Arena Management League One club, based Midlands, seeks stadium… You are here: Home / Content / Latest news / League One club, based Midlands, seeks stadium... July 19, 2013 Tags: football stadium , stadium tenant Sixfields Stadium in Northampton is to be the home of Coventry City FC for three years while the club seeks to build a new stadium for itself. The club has turned down an offer to play back in the Ricoh Arena in Coventry. Coventry FC’s Chief Executive has been reported to be interested in building a stadium along the lines of Rotherham’s New York Stadium, just completing its first year of operation. The move to Sixfields (pictured) has been “reluctantly” agreed by the Football League, with Northampton taking fixture priority. Coventry FC fans have already demonstrated against the move and a former club official has offered to pay for Ricoh Arena fees to bring the club back to the city. On stadium development Fisher said: We want a mix of commercial, residential, depending on the final site we go with and this is why I really like Rotherham United’s model because it’s set up so they can build a hotel, it’s by the river where it’s designated as regeneration so built into the bottom of the stadium are retail units, cafes, you name it – it’s brilliant.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505436	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What herb is traditionally associated, besides garlic, with the pickling of a gherkin (US pickle)?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "What are the Different Types of Pickles? (with pictures) What are the Different Types of Pickles? Last Modified Date: 19 January 2017 Copyright Protected: Top 10 unbelievable historical concurrencies The food preservation technique we call pickling has been practiced in some form or another for thousands of years. Soft-skinned vegetables such as cucumbers, cabbages, beets and peppers are placed in a special brining solution containing vinegar , salt, water, various peppercorns and spices. After several hours, days or even weeks spent in this salt water bath, much of the vegetable's natural juices have been replaced with an acidic brine that naturally discourages harmful bacterial growth. Most pickles do not require refrigeration because of this natural acidity. When most of us hear the word \"pickles,\" we immediately think of cucumbers, which are by far the most common vegetables used. Other fruits and vegetables can be brined, but only cucumbers are marketed as pickles. Not all cucumbers are used, however; the larger American cucumber variety commonly found in salads does not usually do well during the pickling process. Instead, smaller varieties are grown specifically to become one of the many of types found on grocery shelves. Ad One of the most popular type of pickles are called dills or kosher dills. The brine used to create a dill uses a substantial amount of the dill weed herb, plus a significant amount of garlic . The resulting pickles are commonly found stored in large barrels and served as a side dish with deli sandwiches. Whole ones are crunchy, with a strong hint of garlic and a slightly sour dill weed bite. Sliced versions are commonly placed on hamburgers as a sharp counterpoint to the hearty meat flavor. Smaller ones, called gherkins, may serve as snacks or condiments on a party tray. Dill pickles may also be chopped into a form of relish . Another variety commonly found in grocery stores is called sweet pickles. This type is brined in a solution containing more sugar and less garlic. Smaller cucumbers and gherkins are often used to make them. They are rarely offered as side dishes in delis and restaurants because of their intense flavor. Sweet pickles are more commonly used in cold salads and relishes. Alongside the sweet and dill, you may find bread and butter pickles. Bread and butter types are not quite as sweet as sweet pickles, but they do not have the same sour bite as dill. Many people prefer the taste of this variety on sandwiches or cold salads. It is rare to find a whole ones — they are more likely to be offered in slices or relish cubes. Many home cooks prefer to make their own from organic cucumbers and home recipes. One example of this is called a 14 day pickle, a name referencing the amount of time spent in the brining process. It can be very sweet, with overtones of both the traditional sweet and the bread and butter varieties. There are also specialty pickles for those who enjoy an exotic flavor. Greek peppers called pepperoncinis are often pickled and served as a spicy condiment on sandwiches, pizzas and salads. Mixtures of dills, pearl onions, jalapeños and cauliflower florettes may be brined in a very spicy solution to yield hot mixed pickles. Various fruits may also be pickled in a sweet brine and served year round. Some people even use watermelon rinds. Beets are routinely pickled, as is cabbage to form sauerkraut. Ad", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505437	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Dili is the capital of which state that became independent on 20 May 2002?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Timor-Leste Send me a copy Subject: Email addresses provided here will be used solely to email the link indicated. They will not be saved, shared, or used again in any manner whatsoever. The CAPTCHA code you entered is not valid, please reenter the CAPTCHA code Timor-Leste Official Name: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Last Updated: April 13, 2016 Embassy Messages One page required for entry stamp TOURIST VISA REQUIRED: Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(670) 723-1328 Fax: +(670) 331-3206 ConsDili@state.gov Destination Description Occupying 5,743 square miles on the eastern half of an island in the Timor Sea between Indonesia and Australia, Timor-Leste has a population of approximately 1.1 million people. Timor-Leste became independent on May 20, 2002, and is a democratically-governed, independent nation with an elected President and Parliament. Following successful presidential and parliamentary elections and a peaceful change of government in 2012, UN and Australian-led peacekeepers departed Timor- Leste. Decades of occupation and periodic eruptions of post-independence violence have left Timor-Leste with extremely poor infrastructure and limited economic opportunities. Electricity, telephone and telecommunications, roads, and lodging remain unreliable, particularly outside of the capital. Timor-Leste's economy relies largely on revenues from offshore oil and gas production. Read the Department of State's Fact Sheet on U.S.-Timor-Leste relations. Entry, Exit & Visa Requirements You need a passport valid for six months beyond the date of arrival in Timor-Leste. Travelers arriving by air may obtain a 30-day tourist visa-on-arrival for a fee of 30 USD. If entering Timor-Leste by land, you will need a visa prior to entry as visas-on-arrival are no longer available at the land border with Indonesia. You must renew this visa and pay an additional fee if you plan to stay longer than 30-days. Please see the website of the Timor-Leste Immigration Department for additional information on visas and extensions. Visitors traveling via air must transit Singapore, Darwin in Australia or Bali in Indonesia en route to Timor-Leste. The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of Timor-Leste. Information about dual nationality or the prevention of international child abduction can be found on our website. For further information about customs regulations, please read our Customs Information page . Safety and Security If you are in Timor-Leste, you should exercise caution, avoid large gatherings, remain alert with regard to your personal security, and avoid travel after dark to the extent possible. Exercise caution in public places, including, but not limited to, clubs, restaurants, bars, schools, places of worship, outdoor recreational events, hotels, resorts and beaches, and other locations frequented by foreigners. You should review U.S. Embassy security messages and maintain a high level of security awareness while moving around the country. You should be alert to the potential for violence, and avoid demonstrations, large political gatherings, and areas where disturbances have occurred. Demonstrations can occur at or near symbols and institutions of the Government of Timor-Leste, including government buildings, police stations, and houses belonging to prominent politicians. Even demonstrations intended to be peaceful can turn confrontational and escalate into violence with little or no warning. Timor-Leste has experienced several episodes of violence since becoming independent in 2002. However, there have been no major country-wide civil disturbances since 2008, and international peacekeepers departed the country at the end of 2012. Timorese security forces occasionally establish official security checkpoints along roads.. You may be expected to show your passport at these checkpoints. There also are occasional illegal checkpoints not operated by the police or military in uniforms, which you should avoid, but which, to date, have been primarily targeted at Timores", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505438	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Mark Almond was the lead singer of 80’s pop duo Soft Cell, but who was the other member of the band?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Mark Almond - Factbites Almonds are nutritional powerhouses and contain calcium, folic acid, magnesium, potassium, and vitamins B2 and E. They have been purported to lower cholesterol, prevent cancer, and assist in weight maintenance. Almond extract is a mixture of almond oil and ethyl alcohol and is used mostly in baking. Almonds are also employed in savory dishes such as couscous, rice, stuffings, chicken, and certain fish such as the classic trout almandine. www.foodreference.com /html/almond-joy.html (753 words) Disc of the Week (1/28/2002): Mark-Almond: Mark-Almond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) Mark had been knocking around for years in groups like John Mayall's band, and Almond was a session musician of a similarly lengthy pedigree. Mark's guitars, both electric and acoustic, Almond's sax and flute, some piano, and the pair's voices are the primary instruments on these records, superseding drums and bass and creating a rich, warm sound. Mark and Almond went on to release Tuesday in New York on their own, but that was pretty much the end of it for keeps this time, barring a 1996 reunion album which was so glossy and bland it didn't attract anyone. www.thegline.com /disc-of-the-week/2002/01-28-2002.htm (982 words) === Almonds mark almond === The Almond is the fruit of Prunus dulcis belonging to the Prunoideae subfamily of the family Rosaceae. The bitter almond is rather broader and shorter than the sweet almond, and contains about 50% of the fixed oil which also occurs in sweet almonds.Almond extract is also a popular substitute for vanilla extract among people with diabetes. A major strategic advantage that online mark almond businesses can maintain over their store front rivals mark almond brick and mortar stores is the lower costs of running their business. www.ezyshop-in1.com /almonds/mark-almond.htm (365 words) Mark-Almond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19) British session musicians Jon Mark (vocals, guitar, drums) and Johnny Almond (vocals, woodwinds, vibes, percussion) met while playing together in John Mayall's Bluesbreakers and left in 1970 to form Mark-Almond, sometimes referred to as the Mark-Almond Band. Prior to his career with Mayall, Mark, together with Mick Jagger, co-produced Marianne Faithful's early albums, later writing material for her and touring with her. He and Almond reunited that year and released \"To The Heart\" in 1976; they got a deal with AandM in 1978 and released \"Other People's Rooms\", but neither LP was successful and the duo broke up for good. www.alexgitlin.com /npp/m-a.htm (233 words) Music Instruction for Piano and Keyboards As Mark Almond's body of work spreads throughout the world, as more music teachers begin to incorporate his methodology into their instruction, as more students gain access to their own musical abilities and are able to have fun learning to play piano, we will see a new era of musical creativity. Almond asserts that even beginning students can learn to understand the simple harmonic structure of a chord before actually learning to read music, and he demonstrates this conviction by launching into a lesson on the versatility of a standard three-note chord. Almond either talks directly into the camera or is viewed via an overhead camera aimed at the keys of a grand piano or electronic keyboard; he encourages his students to trust what they can't follow will become clear as the course progresses. www.pianoforlife.com /morereviews.html (2124 words) Mark Almond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mark Almond is a writer and Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. Almond holds a Master's degree ( M.A .), and is the chair of the British Helsinki Human Rights Group; he has served as an election observer in a number of countries including Georgia and Ukraine. He has been critical of perceived Western interference with democracy, such as the activities of George Soros . en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mark_Almond (171 words) Timber framed houses, timber chalets and commercial buildings - Mark Almond (Site not responding. Last check: 2", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505439	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"What is looked for in the blue-tinged igneous rock called \"\"kimberlite\"\"?\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "kimberlite - definition of kimberlite in English \| Oxford Dictionaries Definition of kimberlite in English: kimberlite noun Geology [mass noun] A rare, blue-tinged, coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock sometimes containing diamonds, found in South Africa and Siberia. Also called blue ground Example sentences ‘It was suggested by some readers that the matrix for the featured diamond crystal from the Jagersfontein mine looked suspiciously like the rock eclogite rather than kimberlite.’ ‘Lamproite is also a mantle-derived ultramafic rock that differs from kimberlite in bulk chemistry, being richer in silicon and poorer in aluminum and iron.’ ‘So Rankin Inlet wasn't surprised when prospectors exploring the area recently announced a promising find of kimberlite, a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, 20 km from town.’ ‘Diamond is obtained from volcanic pipes composed of kimberlite or lamproite, rocks that are found only in cratons, very old stable areas of the Earth's crust.’ ‘Aggressive exploration has confirmed the presence of diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes scattered over a considerable area extending into adjoining Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Nunavut.’ Origin Late 19th century: from Kimberley + -ite. Pronunciation What does the Australian term native bear mean? the small hairy larva of a beetle a koala What does the Australian term dagwood dog mean? a saveloy sausage cooked in batter a dingo a cattle dog with a dark speckled coat What does the Australian term sav mean? a person who regularly saves money a saveloy sausage What does the Australian term yonnie mean? a person who is very talkative a pebble What does the Australian term larrikin mean? an urban hooligan a slender insect related to the dragonflies a young child What does the Australian term wagga blanket mean? a net enclosing a swimming area to keep out dangerous jellyfish an Australian shrub an improvised covering for a bed What does the Australian term southerly buster mean? a sudden strong, cool wind from the south a puritanical person who deliberately spoils the enjoyment of others an old man What does the Australian term wombat crossing mean? a bridge built to allow wombats to safely cross an area of road a pedestrian crossing in the form of a wide, flat speed bump an all-weather road used for transporting beef cattle to market What does the Australian term billy mean? a pinafore a tin or enamel cooking pot a wild or unbroken horse What does the Australian term coolamon mean? an Aboriginal container for holding liquids an Aboriginal healer You scored /10 practise again? Retry", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505440	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the Israeli parliament?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "History & Overview of the Knesset \| Jewish Virtual Library Tweet The Knesset is the name for Israel's parliament, or legislature, located in the capital Jerusalem . The major function of the Knesset is to legislate laws and revise them as necessary. Additional duties include establishing a government, taking policy decisions, reviewing government activities, and electing the President of the State and the State Comptroller. The Speaker of the Knesset acts as the controlling authority inside the walls. Due to rising political tensions and infighting within Prime Minister Netanyahu's cabinet, on December 8 2014 the 19th Knesset voted to disolve itself after fulfilling less than half of their term. The vote to disolve the parliamentary body passed unanimously, with 93 out of 120 Knesset members in favor and the rest abstaining. The parliament collapse followed Netanyahu's firing of his Justice and Finance Cabinet Ministers Tzipi Livni and Yair Lapid . Knesset exterior Basic History The Knesset took its name and fixed its membership at 120 from the Knesset Hagedolah (Great Assembly), the representative Jewish council convened in Jerusalem by Ezra and Nehemiah in the 5th century B.C.E. The mdoern Israeli Knesset convened for the first time ever on February 14, 1949, following the elections from January of that same year. This inaugural sitting succeeded the provisional government that had functioned as the Jewish community's parliament during the Mandate era and first few months of the state. In his speech opening the inaugural session in 1949, Israeli President Chaim Weizmann told the new parliament members that the aim of the Jewish state would be, before everything else, \"to gather in the exiles from all parts of the world.\" He emphasized that this was a great day not only in the lives of the Jewish people but also in the history of the world. To mark the historic day, a procession of schoolchildren carrying Israeli flags and huge bouquets of flowers marched through the main streets of Jerusalem and stopped in the front of the Jewish Agency building, where Weizmann, Prime Minister David Ben Gurion , members of the first Cabinet , the newly-elected members of the Knesset and guests attended a solemn service in honor of the Israel Defense Forces soldiers killed in battle to help establish the State. Before the construction of its permanent home in the Givat Ram neighborhood of Jerusalem, the Knesset met in the Jewish Agency building in Jerusalem, the Kessem Cinema building in Tel Aviv and the Froumine building in Jerusalem. Who is in the Knesset? Members of Knesset (also known by their acronym, MK's) are elected every four years within the framework of parties that compete for the electorate's votes. Each party chooses its own Knesset candidates as it sees fit. A new Knesset begins to function after general elections, which determine its composition. In the first session after election, Knesset members declare their allegiance to Israel and the Knesset speaker and deputy speakers are elected. The Knesset usually serves for four years, but may dissolve itself or be dissolved by the prime minister any time during its term. Until a new Knesset is formally constituted following elections, full authority remains with the outgoing one. The current Knesset - the nineteenth iteration , election in January 2013 - is led by a coalition featuring the Likud and Yisrael Beiteinu parties. Twelve political parties are represented in this government, and it boa", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505441	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was Minister of Education when the 1944 Education Act was passed?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Education Act of 1944 - UK Parliament The Education Act of 1944 Education Reform Act 1988 The Education Act of 1944 The plans for post-war secondary education in Britain aimed to remove the inequalities which remained in the system. The proportion of 'free places' at grammar schools in England and Wales increased from almost a third to almost half between 1913 and 1937. However, when poorer children were offered free places, parents often had to turn them down owing to the extra costs involved. The Education Act of 1944 was steered through Parliament by the Education Minister, R.A. Butler, and was followed by a similar Act for Scotland in 1945. The Act provided free secondary education for all pupils. Local Education Authorities (LEAs) Local Education Authorities were required to submit proposals to the new Department of Education for reorganising secondary schooling in their areas. Most LEAs aimed to establish the three main 'streams' or categories of school - grammar, secondary modern and technical - which had been recommended in a Report by Sir William Spens in 1938. Children would be allocated on the basis of an examination at the age of 11, known as the '11 plus'. This was intended to provide equal opportunities for children of all backgrounds. The school leaving age was raised to 15, though the stated intention that it should be 16 was not effected until 1972.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505442	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; From which country does 'Belleek' porcelain come?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Belleek Pottery Online Store USA & Canada \| Belleek.com Belleek Group Ltd., 3 Main Street Belleek Co Fermanagh N.Ireland BT93 3FY Call us: +44(0)28 6865 8501 Visitor Centre: +44 (0)28 6865 9300", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505443	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who plays Alan Buttershaw in the TV series Last Tango in Halifax?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Alan Buttershaw - Last Tango in Halifax \| TVmaze Last Tango in Halifax Reliable, honest and kind-hearted, Alan's perpetually positive outlook appeals to Celi . Main cast, played by Derek Jacobi Episode 1x01: Episode 1 (Nov 20, 2012) Episode 1x02: Episode 2 (Nov 27, 2012) Episode 1x03: Episode 3 (Dec 4, 2012) Episode 1x04: Episode 4 (Dec 11, 2012) Episode 1x05: Episode 5 (Dec 18, 2012) Episode 1x06: Episode 6 (Dec 19, 2012) Episode 2x01: Episode 1 (Nov 19, 2013) Episode 2x02: Episode 2 (Nov 26, 2013) Episode 2x03: Episode 3 (Dec 3, 2013) Episode 2x04: Episode 4 (Dec 10, 2013) Episode 2x05: Episode 5 (Dec 17, 2013) Episode 2x06: Episode 6 (Dec 24, 2013) Episode 3x01: Episode 1 (Dec 28, 2014) Episode 3x02: Episode 2 (Jan 4, 2015) Episode 3x03: Episode 3 (Jan 11, 2015) Episode 3x04: Episode 4 (Jan 18, 2015) Episode 3x05: Episode 5 (Jan 25, 2015) Episode 3x06: Episode 6 (Feb 1, 2015) Episode 4x01: Episode 1 (Dec 19, 2016) Episode 4x02: Episode 2 (Dec 20, 2016)", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505444	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which country do these laws apply: the 1975 State Protection Act (Article 10 b), which grants the government the power to imprison persons for up to five years without a trial, and the Law to Safeguard the State Against the Dangers of Those Desiring to Cause Subversive Acts (Article 10 a)?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "MON \| \"Working together for change and lasting peace\" \"Working together for change and lasting peace\" January 1, 2010 Hello, and welcome to my page! I live in Calgary, Canada, which is a fascinating place full of strange and wonderful people. Wutt Yee Soe, for example, is my best friend, lover, and wife is very strange! I, however, am simply wonderful. Here are a few things you should know about me and my town: I am a legal assistant, and I am definitely very smart. In fact, I am the smartest person in the world. Most people think the smartest person in the world is Rajadhi Raj, but I know that’s not true. Some people argue and try to tell me that Rajadhi Raj is the smartest, but I know that I’m smarter. On the weekend, I like to do shopping, relaxing at home, visiting some friends, but I’m also a little lazy. I like to spend many hours in front of the television! My favorite TV show is Flashpoint. Everybody says it’s a stupid show, but I watch it anyway. I think it’s important to learn foreign languages. That is why I am learning English right now. How do I like it? It’s fun, just like me! Haha! So, here I am on the Internet. You might wonder if I am having fun… The answer is Yes. If you have many interests and projects, the internet can be an excellent resource. If you don’t, then it is probably not very useful. You know, a lot of people might laugh when they see this page because it’s a good example of some of the ridiculous and silly pages you can find on the net. By the way, if you visit Calgary, Canada, be sure to go see Calgary Zoo. You won’t be disappointed. It’s really impressive. Too bad it’s covered in graffiti. In the evening you can enjoy a delicious meal at Maha Raja Restaurant. My friends tell me Maha Raja Restaurant is a boring place, and the food is terrible, but I like it anyway. By the way, if you get sick after you eat there, don’t worry. You will only feel sick for a couple of days. I know from experience. If you’re lucky, The Calgary flame will be in town and you can go see a game. Of course, if you think that sports should be fun and exciting, then don’t waste your time! The last time anybody got excited at one of their games was twenty years ago. Haha! My thought for the day: It’s really satisfying to be totally immersed in a language, but not if you’re drowning. In that case it’s really terrifying. Leader of the National League for Democracy, Nobel Peace Prize recipient. Religious beliefs Theravadin Buddhist This article contains Burmese script . Without proper rendering support , you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese characters . Aung San Suu Kyi AC ( Burmese ; MLCTS =aung hcan: cu. krany[ citation needed ]; IPA: [àunsʰánsṵtʃì] ), born 19 June 1945, is an opposition politician and general secretary of the National League for Democracy in Burma (Myanmar). Aung San Suu Kyi was the third child in her family. Her name is derived from three relatives; “Aung San” from her father, “Kyi” from her mother and “Suu” from her grandmother. [8] Suu Kyi won the Rafto Prize and the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought in 1990 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. In 1992 she was awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding by the Government of India . She is still under detention in Myanmar, and has been for almost 14 out of the past 20 years. [9] In the 1990 general election , Suu Kyi was elected Prime Minister , as leader of the winning National League for Democracy party, which won 59% of the vote and 394 of 492 seats. Her subsequent detention by the military junta prevented her from assuming office. She is frequently called Daw Aung San Suu Kyi; Daw is not part of her name, but is an honorific similar to madam for older, revered women, literally meaning “aunt”. [10] Strictly speaking, she has no surname , but it is acceptable to refer to her as “Ms. Suu Kyi” or Dr. Suu Kyi, since those syllables serve to distinguish her from her father, General Aung San , who is considered to be the father of modern-day Burma. Contents Politics portal view •", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505445	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On a standard Qwerty computer keyboard which number key also has the asterisk/star symbol?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "How many characters are represented on a US English QWERTY keyboard? - Quora Quora 26 lower case letters: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 26 upper case letters: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 33 special characters: `~!@#$%^&()-_=+[]\\{}\|;':\",./<>? (note: \"space\" is the 33rd character after the \"?\") That's a total of 95 characters, usually referred to as the ASCII printable characters (ASCII codes 32-127 in 7 or 8-bit ASCII). If we throw in a couple of pseudo printing characters available on the keyboard like: TAB, Backspace, Return we get 3 more. (Earlier teletype systems (or earlier mainframe-based CRT terminal systems) would often let you type in a backspace–maybe also a TAB– in a password entry. It was just another keycode. I don't think that's accepted on the web anywhere these days.) Now some keyboards and systems may let you type more by holding other modifier keys besides <SHIFT>. E.g. <OPTION> on Mac OS X keyboards and <ALT> on Windows. These are used for foreign language accents or additional special symbols. On my Mac keyboard, pressing option gets me all these: `´¨ˆ˜ which are used as diacritical marks adding 5 more strokes 6 vowels (7 including y) + n for spanish * 2 for upper and lower case. I don't know how many that represents exactly because not all vowels/diacritical mark combinations may be used in modern romance/germanic languages. But I counted about 50 in the ASCII table. These accented characters require 2 keystrokes to execute. The other <OPTION> modified keys produce these: ¡™£¢∞§¶•ªº–≠œ∑®†¥øπ“‘«åß∂ƒ©˙∆˚¬…æΩ≈ç√∫µ≤≥÷ Thats another 42. These, and the accented characters, are defined in the extended (8 bit) ASCII character set (ASCII codes 128-255) So, the final answer is normally 95 (or 98), sometimes another 90-95 if you do a modifier key.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505446	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which country were the boxing Klitschko brothers born?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Klitschko brothers: In Kiev with the boxing world's toughest heavyweights \| Daily Mail Online comments They’re the giant heavyweight champions of the world yet the Klitschkos have PhDs, play chess and are going into politics (but are still scared of their mum...) Vitali Klitschko (right), 40, and his brother Wladimir (left), 36, have dominated the boxing world's heavyweight division for nearly a decade In the bitter cold of the Ukraine winter a Ferrari glides to a stop outside the Serebro nightclub. It joins a fleet of Bentleys, Hummers and Range Rovers, out of which a seemingly endless procession of women draped in furs emerge to a barrage of photographic flashes. They cluster around the doorway to one of the most expensive and exclusive nightclubs in Kiev, the capital of a nation awash with oil, money – and corruption. Suddenly the throng parts as the hulking frame of Vitali Klitschko moves through with speed and purpose. As well as brawn (Vitali is 6ft 7in tall, Wladimir is 6ft 6in) they have brains In the ring, the current World Boxing Council champion is known as Dr Ironfist, because he is the only champion, apart from his brother, to have a PhD (in sports science). I fall in behind his hatchet-faced bodyguards and we disappear into the heart of the club, passing by the actor Jean Claude Van Damme, who’s sitting with a brunette slurping chilled vodka on ice. Vitali gives me a smile as he steps in front of a TV camera. This is the post-premiere party for Klitschko, a documentary about Vitali, 40, and his brother Wladimir, 36, who have dominated the sport’s heavyweight division for nearly a decade. It is a homecoming for the fabled brothers and a return to their roots after glory-filled careers that see them both sitting on sizeable fortunes. But the story of the Klitschkos is not as straightforward as it seems. As well as brawn (Vitali is 6ft 7in tall, his brother 6ft 6in) they have brains. They turned down flamboyant boxing promoter Don King and instead run their own multi-million-pound empire. They are obsessive chess players, studying tactics and strategy, which they then employ in the boxing ring. And now Vitali wants to run for mayor of Kiev, something potentially more dangerous than when he was left blooded in his fight with Lennox Lewis, who was then the undisputed world champion. ‘Ukrainian politics is dangerous,’ he says. ‘But I know better than anyone that without a fight, there is no victory.’ ‘They are not just men,’ says one man at the party. ‘For us Ukrainians, they are gods.’ Standing next to Wladimir Klitschko is like being in the shadow of a huge oak tree. Dr Steelhammer, as he is also known, shakes my hand in his huge paw. Wladimir (left) and Vitali posing with handguns in 1999. 'Your brother gives you extra strength. I look in his eyes and know exactly what he is thinking. But we never hug each other,' said Wladimir The current world champion (57 wins, 3 losses), he holds the World Boxing Organisation, World Boxing Association, International Boxing Federations and International Boxing Organisation titles simultaneously. The same hands, according to boxing experts, deliver the most powerful blows of any heavyweight ever. Vitali, meanwhile, is the current WBC heavyweight world champion, and holds the second best knockout-to-fight ratio in heavyweight boxing history, after Rocky Marciano. He also heads his own political party, ‘UDAR of Vitali Klitschko’. The young Klitschkos (Vitali is on the left). Despite a difference of four years, they may as well be twins We settle in the side room of a gloomy, post-Soviet hotel in downtown Kiev. Despite a difference of four years, the brothers may as well be twins. ‘Our opponents do not know our secret weapon,’ says Vitali. ‘Even with one person in the ring they are fighting two people, and together we are twice as strong. 'Your brother gives you extra strength. I look in his eyes and know exactly what he is thinking,’ says Wladimir. ‘But we never hug each other.’ Their differing boxing styles are reflective of their different personalities. Vitali fights in bla", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505447	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Bridge referred to locally as The Blinking Eye Bridge, or the Winking Eye Bridge spans which river?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "10 Cool Bridges from Around the World \| Mental Floss 10 Cool Bridges from Around the World Like us on Facebook 1. The Moses Bridge, Netherlands Designed by architecture group RO & AD, The Moses Bridge is constructed out of Accoya wood, a hi-tech wood that is supposedly harder and more durable than some of the best tropical woods. It is treated with a nontoxic anti-fungal coating to maintain its split-the-water functionality. 2. Da Vinci Bridge, Norway A bridge designed by Leonardo da Vinci to span the Golden Horn in Istanbul has been built some 500 years later! Wild, right? The bridge now spans a motorway in the less exotic setting of Aas, a small town 20 miles north of Oslo, Norway. However, it is the first major civil engineering project to be built from da Vinci's drawings. Da Vinci first sketched the bridge for Sultan Bajazet II, but none of the Sultan’s engineers thought it could be done! 3. Henderson Waves, Singapore This nearly 900-foot pedestrian bridge is the highest of its kind in Singapore, connecting two parks. The bridge has a wave-form made up of seven undulating curved steel ribs that alternately rise over and under its deck. The curved ribs form alcoves that function as shelters with seats within. 4. The Gateshead Millennium Bridge, England The Gateshead Millennium Bridge is sometimes referred to as the 'Blinking Eye Bridge' or the 'Winking Eye Bridge' due to its shape and its tilting method. It’s a pedestrian and cyclist tilt bridge spanning the River Tyne in England. Definitely one I need to check out ASAP. Such fun! 5. Rolling Bridge, England This 39-foot timber and steel bridge was built in 2004 to act as a walkway over a small section of London's Grand Union Canal. An innovative hydraulic system in the bridge's handrail allows it to retract and curl into an octagon, which it does every Friday at noon. 6. Slauerhoffbrug, Netherlands The Slauerhoffbrug, located in Leeuwarden, was designed by Van Driel Mechatronica and is a fully automatic bridge with the ability to sense and adapt to its surroundings. It’s very Terminator-like in its ability to quickly sense and transform to the position needed, allowing ships to pass. You definitely don't want to get on this bridge's bad side! :-) 7. The Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge , Brazil Architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mario Vila Verde, both from Rio de Janeiro, entered the idea of this bridge into a competition aiming to solve the problem of closing the gap between commuters and their homes. According to Chan, the idea was “to create a landmark for the enjoyment of the community as much as to simply traverse a body of water.” 8. The Millau Viaduct, France Designed by French structural engineer Michel Virlogeux and British architect Norman Foster, the Millau Viaduct is the 12th highest bridge in the world, at 890 ft above the road deck. 9. Pythonbrug, Amsterdam If you’re wondering why you don’t see such works of art stateside, that’s because such a design wouldn't pass muster under the Americans With Disabilities Act, which sets a 5 percent limit on the grade of such structures. Well that, and maybe we don’t have the guts to build such a forward thinking structure? Yes, that’s a challenge folks! 10. Oresund Bridge, Sweden The Oresund Bridge crosses the Oresund strait and joins Sweden with Denmark. It begins as a cable-stayed bridge in Sweden and ends as a tunnel in Denmark. A small artificial island was built around the tunnel's entrance to keep water from creeping in.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505448	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who hosts the BBC quiz show Perfection?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Perfection - UKGameshows Perfection Broadcast 12 Yard for BBC Two, 17 January 2011 to 10 February 2012 (60 episodes in 2 series) 12 Yard and BBC Scotland for BBC One, 2 January 2013 to 31 October 2014 (150 episodes in 3 series, Series 5: 1 to 30 episodes) 12 Yard and BBC Scotland for BBC Two, 2 to 30 March 2015 (Series 5: 31 to 60 episodes) Synopsis Contestants are asked a series of general knowledge questions, all of which have true or false answers. However should they get just one wrong, then the three other players can steal the game from them. The final sees the contestant in play attempt to win the jackpot, either on their own, or with the help of another player, in return for a share of the jackpot, which starts at £1000 and increases by £1000 each time it is unwon. Two complete games are played in each 45-minute episode. Each starts with four contestants - \"we like to call them The Usual Suspects\", says Nick Knowles, whom we like to call Mary Poppins. And we could probably work up a better justification for our renaming than 12 Yard could for theirs. It would appear that the name may be due to the image of the contestants on the screen reminding someone of the poster for said film, though if we're honest, what they really look like is a team who've been banished to the question room having lost all their head-to-heads on Eggheads (another 12 Yard show, of course - callbacks to other 12 Yard programmes will be a frequent feature of this show). Did they ever consider Muppets From Space, we wonder? How many contestants does it take to change a lightbulb? More than four, evidently. So anyway, one of The Living Dead (sorry, which movie was it again?) is randomly selected to take part. The selection is computerised and represented on screen by the names flashing up in quick succession, which looks rather feeble. Another 12 Yard show has a proper random selection device they could borrow, and since they've borrowed just about everything else, it seems a shame not to go the whole hog. The player has the briefest of brief chats with Mary before the quiz proper begins. In each round there are four true-or-false questions, and the player has 45 seconds to answer them all. Only the first answer counts, and each question has to be answered before the next is revealed. A round in progress. The bar at the bottom of the screen counts down the time by disappearing from right to left. The Railway Children, who have been isolated in their isolation booth of mega-isolation through the preceding question phase, now get to see the questions and the player's answers. They're asked how they think the player did, though their assessment has no real bearing on the game, and we've never known Mary to pick them up on incorrect assessments (like suggesting the player has achieved perfection, when it turns out they've actually got three wrong). The actual number the player has got right is then revealed. If it's all four, then the player has won that round. If it's zero, then the win automatically goes to Hannah and her Sisters. Going through the answers from both the player and his opponents If, as is usually the case, the player has got 1, 2, or 3 correct, then The Wild Bunch have an opportunity to achieve perfection by changing the required number of answers from False to True, or vice versa. This being done, Mary goes through the correct answers. If Rita, Sue and Bob Too have got them all right, then they win. Otherwise, nobody wins that round and the reward (which is getting to choose two categories from a list of twelve to add to the selection for the endgame) is carried over to the next. The final board, before any categories have been added to it. This is done three times, generating a list of six categories for the endgame. Should the third round be unwon, the final category selections (including any carried forward from previous rounds) are picked alternately by the player and The Three Musketeers. Picking the final two categories For the final, the player stands up (no, we don't know why either) and answers the six questions from t", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505449	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Yas Marina Grand Prix circuit is in which city?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Yas Marina Circuit - F1 \| Abu Dhabi Grand Prix Official Founding Partner for Yas Marina Circuit Official Timing Partner for Yas Marina Circuit Official Electronics Partner for Yas Marina Circuit Official Mall for Yas Marina Circuit Official Yas Drag Racing Centre Lubricant Official Tyre Supplier for Yas Marina Circuit Official Partner Yas Marina Circuit Official Partner Yas Marina Circuit Official Water Supplier for Yas Marina Circuit Official Supplier Yas Marina Circuit Official Partner Yas Marina Circuit Official Partner - Abu Dhabi Sports Council Official Retail Partner - Hackett Yas Marina Circuit", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505450	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which racing driver won the Formula One Championship in 1981, 1983 and 1987?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Nelson Piquet - 1981, 1983, 1987 Nelson Piquet Share He was never a dominant driver but a crafty expert in winning by stealth, according to his detractors. He admitted he was lazy, yet willingly worked hard to improve his car. He could be cold and cruel but could also be warm and funny. He hated being a celebrity yet lived the life of a playboy to the hilt. He was never hugely popular but couldn't care less. All Nelson Piquet really cared about was driving a racing car, which he loved with a passion, especially when he won, which he did often enough to become a triple World Champion. Next Previous 1 / 7 Brands Hatch, July 1980: Piquet came home second in the British Grand Prix at the wheel of the Brabham BT49, the car that earlier that season had brought him his maiden Formula One win at Long Beach. © Sutton © No reproduction without permission. Buenos Aires, April 1981: Piquet recorded a clean sweep at the Argentine Grand Prix en route to his first world title. Have qualified on pole position, he then led from start to finish, setting the fastest lap on the way. © Sutton © No reproduction without permission. Nelson Piquet (BRA), Brabham BT52, 2nd place. French GP, Paul Ricard, France, 17 April 1983. Piquet finished second, having qualified sixth on the grid © Sutton © No reproduction without permission. Monte Carlo, May 1983: After qualifying sixth, immediately behind Keke Rosberg, for the Monaco Grand Prix, Piquet followed the Finn home to take second in the race, setting the fastest lap on the way. © Sutton © No reproduction without permission. Zandvoort, August 1983: Piquet heads out of the Dutch Grand Prix after falling victim to a failed overtaking attempt by championship rival, Renault’s Alain Prost, who also retired later that lap. © Sutton © No reproduction without permission. 1983: Nelson Piquet at the wheel of the distinctive Brabham BT52B, the car in which he would clinch his second drivers’ title in three years. © Sutton © No reproduction without permission. 1983 season: Nelson Piquet had plenty to smile about in 1983. Three wins and a further five podium finishes brought him the world championship by just two points from Alain Prost. © Sutton © No reproduction without permission. Born Nelson Sautomaior, on August 17, 1952, he used his mother's surname Piquet to hide his early racing adventures from his disapproving parents. His father, a prominent Brazilian government minister, had been a regional tennis champion and when Nelson showed early promise in that sport he was encouraged to pursue it. At 12 he was one of Brazil's most promising junior prospects. At 16, to further hone his tennis skills, his parents enrolled him at a school in California. But whacking a ball around a tennis court began to take second place in Nelson's mind to driving a car around a race track, particularly when his countryman Emerson Fittipaldi started making inroads abroad. And so Nelson Piquet began racing in his home state of Brazilia. Winning championships in karts and sportscars failed to win over his parents, who sought to distract him by sending him to university. But studying philosophy, engineering and management proved no substitute for the lure of racing and Nelson dropped out after a year. He sold his road car to buy a Formula Vee and in 1977 became the Brazilian champion in that category. On the advice of Emerson Fittipaldi his next career move was to Europe, where he arrived in 1977 with enough cash (L10,000) to embark on a Formula Three program. In 1978 victories in 13 of 26 races made him champion of one British F3 series and runner-up in another. Formula One teams were impressed and he was given outings in an Ensign and a privately entered McLaren before being hired by Brabham boss Bernie Ecclestone to serve as understudy to Niki Lauda for 1979. When the Austrian veteran walked away from Formula One racing at the end of that season the Brazilian newcomer became Brabham team leader by default. He was still learning on the job, but proved entirely up to the task of helping develop designer Gordan Murray's prom", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505451	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Straits Times Index is the stock market of which Asian republic?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Singapore stocks suffer biggest one-day fall this year on China yuan shock in morning trading, Companies & Markets News & Top Stories - The Straits Times http://str.sg/Znrw Copy SINGAPORE - China's shock move to sharply devalue the yuan for a second day running, overnight losses on Wall Street and the strengthening US dollar pushed all Asian bourses including Singapore's into the red. Singapore shares suffered the biggest one-day fall this year, crashing as much as 2.95 per cent or 93.3 points to 3,059.76 as trading opened on Wednesday (Aug 12). As at 1.17 pm, the Straits Times Index was down 79.91 points or 2.53 per cent to 3,073.15. \"Given the volume sell-down, this could signal that funds are flowing out of Singapore,\" remisier Alvin Yong said. \"The markets are down because of deflationary forces arising from yuan devaluation and the strengthening dollar.\" \"The next technical support is 3,070, while psychological support is now at 3,000,\" he added. As at 1,14 pm, Japan is down 1.75 per cent, Hang Seng is down 2.06 per cent, Shanghai and Shenzhen are down 0.45 per cent and 0.36 per cent respectively. Malaysia slipped 1.42 per cent and Indonesia fell 2.66 per cent. The greenback's strength has also propelled the key three-month Sibor (Singapore interbank offered rate) to 0.9345 per cent today, from 0.87908 per cent on Tuesday. The three-month SOR (Swap Offer Rate) jumped to 1.07461 on Tuesday from 0.99679 per cent on Aug 6. DBS Group Holdings, OCBC Bank and United Overseas Bank, Singapore's three key lenders, each slumped at least 4.4 per cent and contributed the most to the benchmark 's decline. Singapore banks have been making inroads into China and the People's Bank of China's move to devalue its currency will hurt their earnings, Daiwa Securities Group told Bloomberg News. The yuan was headed for its biggest two-day drop in 21 years after the PBOC's reference rate was cut to the weakest level since 2012. The Straits Times Index has lost 8.7 per cent this year, the worst-performing stock gauge among developed countries after Greece. The Greater China region made up 30 per cent of pretax profit at DBS in the first half of this year, the most among the three Singapore lenders. The region accounted for about a fifth of OCBC's pretax profit and about 11 per cent of UOB's. \"It's mainly a sentiment issue here from China,\" Mr Hans Goetti, the head of investment for Asia at Banque Internationale a Luxembourg SA, told Bloomberg News. The profitability of Singapore banks will probably be limited as \"China has slowed down a a lot already,\" he added. Singapore cut the upper end of its growth forecast for 2015 on Tuesday after the economy shrank last quarter, citing China's slowing growth as one key risk to its export-dependent economy. The Republic is now seen growing 2-2.5 epr cent for the year from 2-4 per cent. Topics:", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505452	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Lord was commissioned to report into the 1981 Brixton Riots?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "BBC ON THIS DAY \| 25 \| 1981: Brixton riots report blames racial tension About This Site \| Text Only 1981: Brixton riots report blames racial tension Last April's riots in Brixton, south London were caused by serious social and economic problems affecting Britain's inner cities, a report has said. Lord Scarman's inquiry into what he called the worst outbreak of disorder in the UK this century also blamed \"racial disadvantage that is a fact of British life\". The report criticised police and the government, but it said there was no excuse for the violence and praised officers for their conduct during the disorder. Hostile crowd The investigation found the rioting was caused by a spontaneous crowd reaction to police action - rightly or wrongly believed to be harassment of black people - and had not been planned. On the night of 10 April two police officers were attempting to help a black youth who was bleeding from a suspected stab wound when they were approached by a hostile crowd. The local community was already aggravated by \"Operation Swamp\" - during which large numbers of black youths were stopped and searched - and the confrontation quickly escalated. Over 300 people were injured, 83 premises and 23 vehicles were damaged during the disturbances, at an estimated cost of �7.5m. Community policing Lord Scarman called for a new emphasis on community policing and said more people from ethnic minorities should be recruited to the force. He also advised the government to end racial disadvantage and tackle the disproportionately high level of unemployment among young black men - as high as 50% in Brixton. The report has been widely welcomed by senior policeman and government ministers.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505453	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; A ‘Sackbut’ was a medieval forerunner of which musical instrument?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sackbut - definition of sackbut by The Free Dictionary Sackbut - definition of sackbut by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sackbut Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . sack·but n. A medieval instrument resembling the trombone. [French saquebute, from Old French saqueboute : Old North French saquier, to pull; see saccade + Old French bouter, to push (of Germanic origin; see bhau- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots).] sackbut n (Instruments) a medieval form of trombone. Also called: sacbut or sagbut [C16: from French saqueboute, from Old French saquer to pull + bouter to push; see butt3: used in the Bible (Daniel 3) as a mistranslation of Aramaic sabb'ka stringed instrument] sack•but", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505454	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In four colour process printing, which is also known as CMYK, which are the only four colours that are used?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Four Color Process Printing Explained Get a price for your project now. Get free customized samples today. It's Right. It's On Time. Or It's FREE! Expert Help on all Your Projects High Quality and Fast Turnaround 100% Satisfaction Guarantee! How 4 Color Process Printing (CMYK) Works Four color process printing is a system where a color image is separated into 4 different color values (called a color separation) by the use of filters and screens. This used to be done with photographic film on a graphic arts camera, but is usually done digitally with software now. The result is a color separation of 4 images that when transferred to printing plates and sequentially printed on a printing press with the colored inks cyan (blue), magenta (red), yellow and black (the k in cmyk), reproduces the original color image. Most of the entire spectrum or gamut of colors are reproduced with just the four process ink colors. The four color printing process is universally used in the graphic arts and commercial printing industry for the reproduction of color images and text. CMYK Process Printing Features Uses same 4 standardized base colors all the time (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black) Small dots of these colors are printed at different angles to create the printed image Most widely used and cost effective color system in commercial printing Significantly cheaper than toner based printing for larger quantity runs The use of color in print increases readership and information retention. Studies in a major publication revealed that the use of color increased readership by 40% or more. A university study showed a 65% increase in the retention of material when full color was used instead of black and white. Also see Color in the Printing Process for more information on four color process in commercial printing. Video explaining four color process printing", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505455	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; If screw-driven steamships generally carry the prefix 'SS' before their names, what type of steamers carry the prefix 'PS'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Steamships of Jacksonville \| Metro Jacksonville The Steamships of Jacksonville Metro Jacksonville takes a look at an industry that once gave downtown Jacksonville's waterfront an international and cosmopolitan flair: The Steamships of Jacksonville. What is a Steamship? A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels. The term steamboat is usually used to refer to smaller steam-powered boats working on lakes and rivers, particularly riverboats; steamship generally refers to larger steam-powered ships which are usually ocean-going. The term steamwheeler is archaic and rarely used. Steamships gradually replaced sailing ships for commercial shipping through the 19th century and in turn were overtaken by diesel-driven ships in the second half of the twentieth century. Most warships used steam propulsion until the advent of the gas turbine. Today, nuclear-powered warships and submarines use steam to drive turbines, but are not referred to as steamships or steamboats. Screw-driven steamships generally carry the ship prefix \"SS\" before their names, meaning 'Steam Ship' (or Screw Steamer, or 'screw-driven steamship'), paddle steamers usually carry the prefix \"PS\" and steamships powered by steam turbine may be prefixed \"TS\" (turbine ship). The term steamer is occasionally used, out of nostalgia, for diesel motor-driven vessels, prefixed \"MV\". http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboat The St. Johns River Steamboats From Savannah, the George Washington became the first steamboat to visit Jacksonville in 1827. Over the next seventy years, steamboats would transform the St. Johns River and Jacksonville into an epicenter for the distribution of goods, people and supplies throughout the east coast. At the height of the steamboat era, there were 38 stops along the St. Johns between Jacksonville and Enterprise, FL. The steamship Fred & Debary on the St. Johns River. This steamer was operated by the DeBary-Baya Merchants' Line in the late 19th century. 1829 - 1835 Early beginnings - sporadic communication 1835 - 1842 Second Indian War lasted seven years 1842 - 1850 Regular service - Savannah - boat building 1860 - 1865 Civil War - invasion from the north - cessation of travel 1865 - 1875 Reconstruction - re-establish old travel patterns 1875 - 1887 Golden age - river steamboat service 1884 - 1885 The first railroad connecting Florida from the northeast is completed and extended to Titusville. 1887 - 1920 Gradual decline of steamboats because of railroads and freezes The Steamer \"Magnolia\" on the St. Johns River by the Acosta Bridge in 1917. The \"City of Jacksonville\" moored at a Northbank dock in 1912. 160 feet in length, the City of Jacksonville steamboat was built in 1882 in Wilmington, DE. Workers unload a shipment of bananas in Jacksonville at the Caribbean Fruit and Steamship Company's terminal.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505456	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; dim. is the abbreviated form of which musical term?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Italian Musical Terms - Meaning of Diminuendo (dim.) Share By Brandy Kraemer Definition: The Italian musical term diminuendo (abbreviated dim.) literally means “diminishing,” and is an indication to gradually decrease the volume of the music. The musical symbol for diminuendo is a closing angle, often followed by another dynamics command (see image).", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505457	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Carl Fredricksen, Russell and Dug are all characters in which 2009 Disney film?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Carl Fredricksen \| Disney Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Carl Fredricksen (born 1931 ) is the protagonist of Disney / Pixar 's 2009 feature film Up . He is an old and cranky retired balloon salesman. He is voiced by Ed Asner . Contents [ show ] Role in the film In the late 1930s, young Carl Fredricksen was a shy, quiet boy who idolized renowned explorer Charles F. Muntz . One day, Carl befriended a tomboy named Ellie , who was also a Muntz fan. She confided to Carl her desire to move her \"clubhouse\" — an abandoned house in the neighborhood — to a cliff overlooking Paradise Falls and made him promise to help her. Carl and Ellie eventually got married and grew old together in the restored house, working in a zoo as a balloon vendor and a zookeeper, respectively. Unable to have any children, they repeatedly pooled their savings for a trip to Paradise Falls, but always ended up spending it on more pressing needs. Just as Carl and Ellie, who were both senior citizens, finally seemed able to take their trip, Ellie contracted an illness and died of old age, leaving Carl by himself, becoming bitter and cranky and missing his wife terribly. As the years passed, the city grew around Carl's old house with construction as he refused to move. After a fight with a construction worker over his broken mailbox, the court orders Carl to move into the Shady Oaks Retirement Home. Carl comes up with a scheme to keep his promise to Ellie: he uses his old professional supplies to create a makeshift airship, using 10,000 helium balloons, which lifts his house off its foundations. Russell , a young Wilderness Explorer (a fictional scouting organization), becomes an accidental passenger in an effort to earn his final merit badge for assisting the elderly. After surviving a thunderstorm, the house lands near a ravine facing Paradise Falls. Carl and Russell harness themselves to the still-buoyant house and begin to walk it around the ravine, hoping to reach the falls before the balloons deflate. They later befriend a tall, colorful flightless bird whom Russell names \" Kevin \" who is trying to reach her chicks and a dog named Dug , who wears a special collar that allows him to speak. Carl and Russell encounter a pack of dogs led by Alpha and are taken to Dug's master, who turns out to be an elderly Charles Muntz. Muntz invites Carl and Russell aboard his dirigible, where he explains that he has spent the years since his disgrace searching Paradise Falls for the giant bird. When Russell innocuously notes the bird's similarity to Kevin, Muntz becomes hostile, prompting the pair to flee with Kevin and Dug. Muntz eventually catches up with them and starts a fire beneath Carl's house, forcing Carl to choose between saving it or Kevin. Carl rushes to put out the fire, allowing Muntz to take the bird. Carl and Russell eventually reach the falls, but Russell is angry with Carl over his decision to save his house instead of Kevin. Settling into his home, Carl looks through Ellie's childhood scrapbook, seeing that it actually has many more photos of their lives in it than he thought, and finds a note from Ellie thanking him for the \"adventure\" and encouraging him to go on a new one. Reinvigorated, he goes to find Russell, only to see him sailing off on some balloons to save Kevin. Carl empties the house of furniture and possessions and pursues him. Russell is captured by Muntz, but Carl manages to board the dirigible in flight and free both Russell and Kevin, having a fight with Muntz. Muntz pursues them around the airship, finally cornering Dug, Kevin, and Russell inside Carl's tethered house. Carl lures Kevin out through a window and back onto the airship with Dug and Russell clinging to her back, just as Muntz is about to close in. Muntz leaps after them, only to snag his foot on some balloon lines and fall to his death. Snapped from its tether, the house descends out of sight through the clouds, which Carl accepts as being for the best. Carl and Russell reunite Kevin with her chicks, then fly the dirigible back to the city. When Russell's father misses hi", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505458	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Which 20th century playwright wrote \"\"Mourning Becomes Electra\"\" and \"\"Long Day's Journey Into Night\"\",\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Eugene O'Neill \| Playwright Eugene O'Neill I am far from being a pessimist ... On the contrary, in spite of my scars, I am tickled to death at life! Eugene O'Neill Eugene (Gladstone) O'Neill was born in a Broadway hotel room in New York City on October 16, 1888. O'Neill won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936, and Pulitzer Prizes for four of his plays: Beyond the Horizon (1920); Anna Christie (1922); Strange Interlude (1928); and Long Day's Journey Into Night (1957). O'Neill is credited with raising American dramatic theater from its narrow origins to an art form respected around the world. He is regarded as America's premier playwright. O'Neill's father, James O'Neill, was one of 19th Century America's most popular actors. Young Eugene spent much of his early years on national tours with his father. In 1906 he entered Princeton University but was soon expelled. In 1909 he married, had a son, and was divorced within three years. By 1912, O'Neill had worked as a gold prospector in Honduras, as a seaman, and had become a regular at New York City's flophouses and cheap saloons. That year he became ill with tuberculosis, and was inspired to become a playwright while reading during his recovery. O'Neill's career as a playwright consisted of three periods. His early realist plays utilize his own experiences, especially as a seaman. In the 1920s he rejected realism in an effort to capture on the stage the forces behind human life. His expressionistic plays during this period were influenced by the ideas of philosopher Freidrich Nietzsche, psychologists Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, and Swedish playwright August Strindberg. During his final period O'Neill returned to realism. These later works, which most critics consider his best, depend on his life experiences for their story lines and themes. O'Neill continued to write until 1944 when he was stricken with a debilitating neurodegenerative disease known as \"cortical cerebellar atrophy\" which prevented further work. Despite his illness, O'Neill lived his life to the fullest. As a young man of 35, he wrote in a letter to a friend, \"I am far from being a pessimist ... On the contrary, in spite of my scars, I am tickled to death at life! I wouldn't 'go out' and miss the rest of the play for anything!\" A revival of his work in 1956 lead to the first production of \"Long Day's Journey Into Night,\" for which he won his final Pulizer Prize posthumously in 1957. If you are aware of any Internet resources, books or movies about Eugene O'Neill or related subjects, or if you would like to submit comments please send us email: .", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505459	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Russian Revolution occurred in which year?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Russian Revolution - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Russian Revolution: Background By 1917, most Russians had lost faith in the leadership ability of Czar Nicholas II. Government corruption was rampant, the Russian economy remained backward, and Nicholas repeatedly dissolved the Duma, the Russian parliament established after the 1905 revolution, when it opposed his will. However, the immediate cause of the February Revolution–the first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917–was Russia’s disastrous involvement in World War I (1914-18). Militarily, imperial Russia was no match for industrialized Germany, and Russian casualties were greater than those sustained by any nation in any previous war. Meanwhile, the economy was hopelessly disrupted by the costly war effort, and moderates joined Russian radical elements in calling for the overthrow of the czar. Did You Know? After Czar Nicholas II and his family were executed by Bolshevik forces in July 1918, the killers hid the victims’ mutilated bodies. The remains were discovered and exhumed in the late 1970s near Yekaterinburg, Russia, and eventually identified through DNA testing. February Revolution: 1917 The February Revolution (known as such because of Russia’s use of the Julian calendar until February 1918) began on March 8, 1917 (or February 23 on the Julian calendar), when demonstrators clamoring for bread took to the streets in the Russian capital of Petrograd (now called St. Petersburg). Supported by huge crowds of striking industrial workers, the protesters clashed with police but refused to leave the streets. On March 10, the strike spread among all of Petrograd’s workers, and irate mobs destroyed police stations. Several factories elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet, or council, of workers’ committees, following the model devised during the 1905 revolution. On March 11, the troops of the Petrograd army garrison were called out to quell the uprising. In some encounters, regiments opened fire, killing demonstrators, but the protesters kept to the streets and the troops began to waver. That day, Nicholas again dissolved the Duma. On March 12, the revolution triumphed when regiment after regiment of the Petrograd garrison defected to the cause of the demonstrators. The soldiers subsequently formed committees that elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet. The imperial government was forced to resign, and the Duma formed a provisional government that peacefully vied with the Petrograd Soviet for control of the revolution. On March 14, the Petrograd Soviet issued Order No. 1, which instructed Russian soldiers and sailors to obey only those orders that did not conflict with the directives of the Soviet. The next day, March 15, Czar Nicholas II abdicated the throne in favor of his brother Michael (1878-1918), whose refusal of the crown brought an end to the czarist autocracy. Bolshevik Revolution: 1917 In the aftermath of the February Revolution, power was shared between the weak provisional government and the Petrograd Soviet. Then, on November 6 and 7, 1917 (or October 24 and 25 on the Julian calendar, which is why this event is also referred to as the October Revolution), leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d’état against the provisional government. The Bolsheviks and their allies occupied government buildings and other strategic locations in Petrograd, and soon formed a new government with Lenin as its head. Lenin became the virtual dictator of the first Marxist state in the world. His government made peace with Germany, nationalized industry and distributed land, but beginning in 1918 had to fight a devastating civil war against anti-Bolshevik White Army forces. In 1920, the anti-Bolsheviks were defeated, and in 1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was established. Tags", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505460	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Howard Hughes designed the underwired bra for Jane Russell for which film?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Outlaw: Jane Russell's Breasts and Howard Hughes Quest to Build a Better Bra Comment Jane Russell’s breasts—mad billionaire Howard Hughes was absolutely fascinated by them. The film, The Outlaw, was a testament to his fascination. It featured taglines like “What are the two great reasons for Jane Russell’s rise to stardom?”, which angered the MPAA for obvious reasons. The film was made in 1943, smack dab in the middle of the production code, which was administered by the MPAA appointed Wil Hayes, and was one of the most erotically-charged film in quite a long time. Hughes had experience making films, or, more appropriately, throwing money at people to get films made. Starting in 1927 with the film Everybody’s Acting, Hughes strung together decent success with Hell’s Angels, The Front Page and Scarface. The problem was, for some of them, the films were Hughes’ play toys and he wasn’t going to let them go until he was satisfied. Several times, Hughes took over control of a picture and tinkered with them, sometimes for years on end. Hell’s Angels was a prime example. Principal photography began in 1927, but it wasn’t until 193o that the film was finally released. One reason was the oncoming of sound. Hell’s Angels was originally conceived as a silent film, but Hughes made the decision to jump on the talkie bandwagon and incorporate some scenes with sound. Combined with the endless tinkering of the aerial scenes, the budget ballooned to a gaudy $3.5 million, this being in the late 1920s. The funny thing about The Outlaw is that it is not a very good movie. In fact, it is decidedly boring and would be relegated to the cinematic junk pile had it not been for Jane Russell’s breasts and Howard Hughes fascination with them. Scenes were specifically staged to show off what Howard Hughes wanted to show off: Jane Russell’s assets. Of course, Hughes was of the opinion that the camera was not doing Russell’s assets justice, so, being the engineer he was, Hughes designed what would essentially become the underwire bra. More from Movies 1/14 - Review: ‘Patriots Day’ Should Be This Weekend’s Top Choice Wikipedia says about the bra – “He employed his engineering skills to design a new cantilevered underwire bra to emphasize her assets. Hughes added curved structural steel rods that were sewn into the brassiere under each breast cup. The rods were connected to the bra’s shoulder straps. The arrangement allowed the breasts to be pulled upward and made it possible to move the shoulder straps away from the neck. The design allowed for a larger amount of bosom to be freely exposed.” Jane Russell didn’t like the outcome of Hughes work and used her own bra, with padding, to satisfy Hughes and never wore the bra he designed. The film was completed in 1941, but Hughes ran into a brick wall: The production code. Cleavage was a big no-no as far as the production code was concerned and Russell’s breasts probably should have had their own agent they were featured so much in the movie. The Hays office demanded cuts of scenes where Russell’s breasts were most featured and Hughes reluctantly complied. Meanwhile, 20th Century Fox wanted no part of the controversy and cancelled their distribution deal with Hughes to release The Outlaw. Hughes stood to lose a lot of money. Ever the resourceful businessman, Hughes schemed to create a public outcry for HIS FILM TO BE BANNED. He had his people call ministers, women’s clubs and housewives telling them about the ‘lewd picture’ Hughes was about to release starring Russell. The public played into Hughes’ hands and a play to have the film banned was made. It created a buzz for the film to get released for a week in 1943, but it was pulled due to production code violations. The film was finally widely release in 1946, when it became a box office hit. Top Stories", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505461	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What are musophobics afraid of?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Musophobia – Murophobia, Suriphobia, fear of mice, fear of rats, mouse phobia, mice phobia, rat phobia Helpful Tips Welcome to my site for Musophobia. In hopes of trying to provide some helpful information, I have searched the Internet looking for information on Musophobia (Murophobia, Suriphobia, fear of mice, fear of rats, mouse phobia, mice phobia, rat phobia ). Please note I am not a doctor and only provide this site for informational purposes. I hope you will find some benefit in the site. Best wishes! ~Edd~ In order to provide good information on Musophobia it is best to first understand what a phobia is. I will present some information on phobia below. Please use the other links in the navigation bar to find information on Musophobia. What is phobia? A phobia is a strong, persistent fear of situations, objects, activities, or persons. The main symptom of this disorder is the excessive, unreasonable desire to avoid the feared subject. Phobias are believed to be developed by heredity, genetics and brain-chemistry combine with life-experiences. Types of phobias: Social phobias, Specific phobias and Agoraphobia Social phobias are fears that involve other people or social situations such as performance anxiety, fears of embarrassment or humiliation by scrutiny of others. Examples of these phobias would be eating in public, giving a speech, and even sexual activities. People with these phobias tend to avoid the situations they fear. Specific phobias are typically fears of certain objects or situations. Specific phobias usually contain specific panic triggers, such as spiders, snakes, mice, elevators, or flying. These fears develop during childhood and tend to go away, for example, the fear of the dark. If the fear continues through to adulthood, treatment would be the only solution. These fears can keep people from having a normal life, depending on how often they must encounter/avoid the fear. Agoraphobia is a fear of experiencing a panic attack in a place or situation from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing or they cannot obtain help. People with this phobia may fear being alone, being in a crowd, flying, being in an elevator. Agoraphobia is the only phobia regularly treated as a medical condition. Note: If you are going to do a search, some common Musophobia search terms include Murophobia, Suriphobia, fear of mice, fear of rats, mouse phobia, mice phobia, rat phobia. DISCLAIMER: PLEASE READ - By printing, downloading, or using you this information, you agree to the following: 1) I am only providing this material for information and research purposes. 2) The information is \"AS IS\", \"WITH ALL FAULTS\". 3) You understand the information was gathered by doing a general search on Internet search engines for the following terms: Musophobia, Murophobia, Suriphobia, fear of mice, fear of rats, mouse phobia, mice phobia, rat phobia. 4) User assumes all risk of use, damage, or injury. 5) Information may have errors or be outdated. 6) Some information is from historical sources or represents opinions of the author. 7) You agree that we have no liability for any damages. 8) I are not liable for any consequential, incidental, indirect, or special damages. Finally, if you do not agree to terms, do not use the information. It is for informational and research purposes only! If you have any questions please contact me edd@ebozman.com", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505462	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Currently held by John Kerry, what American governmental role is equivalent to that of Foreign Secretary in the UK?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "American Foreign Policy \| SAIS American Foreign Policy MICHAEL MANDELBAUM APR. 14, 2016 KT MacFarland Interviews Michael Mandelbaum Reviews New York Times Foreign Affairs Columnist New York Times Foreign Affairs Columnist Johns Hopkins SAIS scholar of Cuban FP Piero Gleijeses winner of Friedrich Katz Prize APSA Congressional Fellowship Program │Capitol Hill Trek 2016 │ Rayburn HOB B369 HSBC: The World's Local Bank Wells Fargo Says It Will Grow ‘Quickly’ in China Greenpeace Beijing Wu Qing, Civil Rights Activist Case Studies in American Foreign Policy Concentration Profile: American Foreign Policy The American Interest Aug. 1, 2015 Michael Mandelbaum on Iran and the Euromess Lecture: Sailors', Soldiers', Marines', Coast Guard and Airmen's Club - Professor Emeritus, Michael Mandelbaum - \"American Foreign Policy After the Cold War\" American Foreign Policy After the Cold War Acting Associate Director, American Foreign Policy The Peace Process Is an Obstacle to Peace And it always has been, because its premises are false Conversation with Thomas L. Friedman (10/15/2015) Conversation with Thomas L. Friedman (10/15/2015) Offers perspective on historic shift in U.S.-Cuba relations T he American presidency has accumulated a number of traditions that anyone holding the office is expected to perpetuate. Examples include delivering the State of the Union address to Congress, lighting the national Christmas tree, and presiding over the Israeli–Palestinian peace process. The next president will no doubt continue all three. If he or she follows the pattern established by the most recent incumbents, however, the result of the peace process will be failure. Indeed, the continuation of the peace process as it has been practiced will not simply be futile: It will be positively harmful. The conduct of the peace process has made peace less likely. If it is to continue at all, a fundamental change in the American approach is needed Successive administrations have failed at the peace process because they have not understood—or not admitted to themselves—the nature of the conflict they have been trying to resolve. In the eyes of the American officials engaged in this long-running endeavor, making peace has been akin to a labor negotiation. Each side, they have believed, has desired a resolution, and the task of the United States has been to find a happy medium, a set of arrangements that both sides could accept. In fact, each side has wanted the conflict to end, but in radically different and indeed incompatible ways that have made a settlement impossible: The Israelis have wanted peace; the Palestinians have wanted the destruction of Israel. At the core of the conflict, standing out like a skyscraper in a desert to anyone who cared to notice, is the Palestinian refusal to accept Jewish sovereignty in the Middle East. This attitude has existed for at least a century, since the Arab rejection of the Balfour Declaration in 1917. While much has changed in the region over those 10 decades, the conflict’s fundamental cause has not. The Palestinians’ position is expressed in their devotion to what has come to be called incitement: incessant derogatory propaganda about Jews and Israel, the denial of any historical Jewish connection to Jerusalem and its environs, and the insistence that all the territory between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea belongs to the Arabs, making the Jews living there, in the Palestinian view, contemptible interlopers to be killed or evicted. The Palestinians’ attitude has expressed itself, as well, in their negotiators’ refusal either to accept any proposal for terminating the conflict or to offer any counterproposals of their own. The goal of eliminating Israel also lies behind Palestinian officials’ glorification as “martyrs” of those who murder Israeli civilians, giving their families financial rewards to encourage such killings. American officials have either ignored or downplayed all of this. They have never emphasized its centrality to the conflict, instead focusing on Israeli control of the West Bank of", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505463	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In Norse mythology, which plant killed the god Baldur?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Baldur - Norse Mythology for Smart People Norse Mythology for Smart People Baldur “Each Arrow Overshot His Head” by Elmer Boyd Smith (1902) Baldur (pronounced “BALD-er;” Old Norse Baldr, Old English and Old High German Balder) is one of the Aesir gods. He’s the son of Odin and Frigg , the husband of the obscure goddess Nanna, and the father of the god Forseti . He’s loved by all the gods, goddesses, and beings of a more physical nature. So handsome, gracious, and cheerful is he that he actually gives off light.[1] The meaning and etymology of his name are uncertain and have been the topic of intense scholarly debate. Numerous possibilities have been proposed, including a derivation from the Proto-Indo-European root *bhel- (“white”), Old Norse bál, “fire,” or a hypothesized word for “lord” common to various Germanic languages. The most straightforward – and probably correct – explanation, however, is that his name comes from the Old Norse word baldr, “bold.”[2][3] Scholars have been reluctant to accept this explanation due to its implication of a warlike character for Baldur. But as we’ll see below, Baldur may not have been as innocent and passive as he’s portrayed to be in the late Old Norse literary source that provides the most extensive description of the god and the tales in which he features. This literary source is the Prose Edda of the medieval Icelandic scholar Snorri Sturluson. From this treatise on mythology and poetics comes the most complete account we have of the primary tale concerning Baldur, the story of his death and resurrection . This tale can be briefly summarized as follows: When Baldur began to have dreams of his death, Frigg went around to everything in the world and secured from each of them an oath to not harm her son. Confident in Baldur’s invincibility, the gods amused themselves by throwing weapons and any random thing they could find at Baldur and watching them bounce off of him, leaving him utterly unscathed. Loki , the guileful trickster of the gods, sensed an opportunity for mischief. He inquired of Frigg whether she had overlooked anything whatsoever in her quest to obtain oaths. She casually answered that she had thought the mistletoe to be too small and harmless a thing to bother asking for such a promise. Loki straightaway made a spear from the mistletoe and convinced the blind god Hodr to throw it at Baldur. The projectile pierced the god, and he fell down dead. The anguished gods then ordained that one of them should go to the underworld to see if there was any way Baldur could be retrieved from the clutches of the death goddess, Hel . Hermod , another one of Odin’s many sons, agreed to make this journey, and, mounting Odin’s steed, Sleipnir , he rode down the world-tree until he came to its dark and damp roots, wherein lies Hel’s abode. When he arrived, he found his brother, pale and grim, sitting in the seat of honor next to Hel. Hermod implored the dreadful goddess to release Baldur, and after much persuasion, she replied that she would give him up if and only if everything in the world would weep for Baldur – to prove, in other words, that he was as universally beloved as Hermod claimed. The whole world did indeed weep for the generous son of Odin – all, that is, save one creature. The giantess Þökk (“Thanks”), generally assumed to be Loki in disguise, callously refused to perform the act that would secure Baldur’s return.[4] And so the bright god lay in the grave until Ragnarok , the destruction of the cosmos at the end of the great mythical cycle , after which Baldur returned at last to the land of the living, gladdening the hearts of the creatures who filled the new world.[5] While this account comes overwhelmingly from one source, bits and pieces of it can be found in earlier Old Norse poetry, and many details of the narrative are depicted on pieces of jewelery dating from before the Viking Age.[6] We can be reasonably certain that the tale as told by Snorri is not only authentic, at least in its general outline, but very, very old. However, whether out of ignorance or a desi", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505464	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Published in 1980, which American author wrote the book The Bourne Identity ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Order of Jason Bourne Books - OrderOfBooks.com Home \| Characters \| Authors Order of Jason Bourne Books Jason Bourne is a fictional character created by prolific American novelist Robert Ludlum . After Robert Ludlum passed away in 2001, the reins were taken over by Eric Van Lustbader , another very prolific American novelist. Jason Bourne suffers from retrograde amnesia, therefore it is unknown to him why the CIA and others are trying to kill him. The Bourne Trilogy was adapted into a trilogy of films starring actor Matt Damon. The three films were both critically and commercially successful. Robert Ludlum wrote the original Bourne Trilogy of The Bourne Identity, The Bourne Supremacy and The Bourne Ultimatum. Subsequent ongoing novels are still being written by Van Lustbader. Below is a list of all of the Jason Bourne books in order of publication – regardless of author: Publication Order of Jason Bourne Books The Bourne Identity", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505465	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"According to Dr Johnson , \"\" Claret is the liquor for boys ; port , for men \"\" , but he \"\" who aspires to be a hero \"\" must drink - what ?\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Samuel Johnson Sound Bite Page: Quotes on Drinking The Samuel Johnson Sound Bite Page 131. Drinking; Moderation \"Sir, I have no objection to a man's drinking wine, if he can do it in moderation. I found myself apt to go to excess in it, and therefore, after having been for some time without it, on account of illness, I thought it better not to return to it. Every man is to judge for himself, according to the effects which he experiences.\" Boswell: Life 178. Drinking; Exercise \"Exercise!! I never heard that he used any: he might, for aught I know, walk to the alehouse; but I believe he was always carried home again.\" Piozzi: Anecdotes 179. Drinking Boswell: \"You must allow me, Sir, at least that it produces truth; in vino veritas, you know, Sir--\" \"That (replied Mr. Johnson) would be useless to a man who knew he was not a liar when he was sober.\" Piozzi: Anecdotes \"Melancholy, indeed, should be diverted by every means but drinking.\" Boswell: Life 212. Drinking We discussed the question whether drinking improved conversation and benevolence. Sir Joshua maintained it did. Johnson: \"No, Sir: before dinner men meet with great inequality of understanding; and those who are conscious of their inferiority, have the modesty not to talk. When they have drunk wine, every man feels himself happy, and loses that modesty, and grows impudent and vociferous: but he is not improved; he is only not sensible of his defects.\" Boswell: Life 213. Drinking I observed, that wine did some people harm, by inflaming, confusing, and irritating their minds; but that the experience of mankind had declared in favour of moderate drinking. Johnson: \"Sir, I do not say it is wrong to produce self-complacency by drinking; I only deny that it improves the mind. When I drank wine, I scorned to drink it when in company. I have drunk many a bottle by myself; in the first place, because I had need of it to raise my spirits; in the second place, because I would have nobody to witness its effects upon me.\" Boswell: Life 258. Drinking Talking of drinking wine, he said, \"I did not leave off wine because I could not bear it; I have drunk three bottles of port without being the worse for it. University College has witnessed this.\" Boswell: \"Why then, Sir, did you leave it off?\" Johnson: \"Why, Sir, because it is so much better for a man to be sure that he is never intoxicated, never to lose the power over himself.\" Boswell: Life 259. Drinking Boswell: \"I think, Sir, you once said to me, that not to drink wine was a great deduction from life.\" Johnson: \"It is a diminution of pleasure, to be sure; but I do not say a diminution of happiness. There is more happiness in being rational.\" Boswell: Life 262. Abstinence; Drinking Talking of a man's resolving to deny himself the use of wine, from moral and religious considerations, he said, \"He must not doubt about it. When one doubts as to pleasure, we know what will be the conclusion. I now no more think of drinking wine, than a horse does. The wine upon the table is no more for me, than for the dog that is under the table. Boswell: Life 291. Drinking \"I must entreat you to be scrupulous in the use of strong liquors. One night's drunkenness may defeat the labours of forty days well employed.\" Johnson: Letter to Boswell 547. Depression; Drinking I called on Dr. Johnson one morning, when Mrs. Williams, the blind lady, was conversing with him. She was telling him where she had dined the day before. \"There were several gentlemen there,\" said she, \"and when some of them came to the tea-table, I found that there had been a good deal of hard drinking.\" She closed this observation with a common and trite moral reflection; which, indeed, is very ill-founded, and does great injustice to animals -- \"I wonder what pleasure men can take in making beasts of themselves.\" \"I wonder, Madam,\" replied the Doctor, \"that you have not penetration to see the strong inducement to this excess; for he who makes a beast of himself gets rid of the pain of being a man.\" Anecdotes of the Revd. Percival Stockd", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505466	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On clothing labels, what does a circle in a square with an x through it mean?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Washing Symbols \| Wash Care Labels on Clothes \| Cleanipedia Five Dots = 70 C Six Dots = 95 C Permanent Press: The Permanent Press symbol has one line beneath the standard wash symbol. Permanent Press fabrics have been treated with chemicals to ensure they resist wrinkles and retain their original shape. If a piece of clothing is permanent press, it usually means that you shouldn’t iron it. Gentle Cycle: The Gentle Cycle symbol has two lines beneath the standard wash symbol. The gentle cycle is for delicate fibres like wool or silk, or for items of clothing that could be damaged by a vigorous washing (like sequined tops, tights, or lycra). Hand Wash: The Hand Wash symbol is the standard wash symbol with a hand at the top. For ‘Hand Wash’ clothing, do not use a washing machine. Instead wash garments in a sink or small tub, using your hands to ensure that the cleaning liquid is thoroughly rubbed into the material and subsequently rinsed out. Check your cleaning liquid to make sure it is suitable for hand washing – milder detergents have been specifically designed for hand wash use, and they are safe for your clothes and for your hands! Do Not Wash: The Do Not Wash symbol is the standard wash symbol with a cross through it. If the label instructs you not to wash the item, it will have to be dry cleaned after it gets dirty – see the section on Dry Cleaning Symbols below. Bleaching Guidelines on Wash Care Labels The next symbol on the care label is a triangle that refers to whether specific bleaching conditions can be used on the item. Bleach: A triangle without anything in the middle means that any kind of bleach can be used on the clothing when needed. Non-chlorine Bleach Only: A triangle filled with diagonal lines means that only non-chlorine bleaches should be used. Check the ingredients on your bleach to see if it contains chlorine. Find out more about the different kinds of bleach here . Do Not Bleach: A solid black triangle with crossed lines means ‘do not bleach’ – you should not attempt to use any kind of bleach on this garment. Drying Guidelines on Care Labels Tumble Dry: The basic tumble dryer symbol is a square with a circle in the middle of it. As with the washing symbols, the number of dots inside the circle will tell you the heat setting you should put your tumble dryer on to, as well as any specific program settings required. Three dots mean Tumble Dry High, where as two dots means Tumble Dry Medium and one dot means Tumble Dry Low. Do Not Tumble Dry: When an item is marked as ‘do not tumble dry’ with a cross through the drying symbol, leave this garment to drip-dry on a drying rack, in an airing cupboard, or outside on your washing line rather than putting it in the dryer. Tumble Dry, Permanent Press: As before, a single line below the dryer symbol means that a Permanent Press setting should be used. Tumble Dry, Delicate Setting: Double lines indicate that the Delicate setting must be used. Ironing Guidelines on Care Labels Iron: To make life easy, the ironing symbol is shaped like an old-fashioned iron. Ironing symbols also employ the same dot system for heat levels, which should be adjustable on your iron. Iron on high: three dots mean that the item can be ironed on high Iron on Medium: two dots mean that it can be ironed on medium. Iron on Low: One dot means that it can be ironed on low. Dry Cleaning Symbols Dry Clean: The dry cleaning symbol is a circle.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505467	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which kind of entertainer often makes his entrance to Julius Fucik’s Opus 68 March?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Fučík - Entry of the Gladiators midi file for Saxophone (midi) - 8notes.com 25 September 1916 The Artist: Julius Fucik was a Czech composer and conductor of military bands. Today his marches are still played as patriotic music in the Czech Republic. However, his worldwide reputation rests on one work: his Opus 68 march, the Entrance of the Gladiators (Vjezd gladiatoru), which is universally recognized, often under the title Thunder and Blazes, as one of the most popular theme tunes for circus clowns. Composed: 1897 Info: \"Entrance of the Gladiators\" or \"Entry of the Gladiators\" (Czech: Vjezd gladiátorů, German: Einzug der Gladiatoren) is a military march composed in 1897 by the Czech composer Julius Fučík. He originally titled it \"Grande Marche Chromatique,\" reflecting the use of chromatic scales throughout the piece, but changed the title based on his personal interest in the Roman Empire. In 1910 Canadian composer Louis-Philippe Laurendeau arranged \"Entrance of the Gladiators\" for a small band under the title \"Thunder and Blazes\", and sold this version throughout North America. It was during this period that the song gained lasting popularity as a screamer march for circuses, often used to introduce clowns. Today it is known mainly by this association, even though the title and composer are relatively obscure. Laurendeau's version was also transcribed for fairground organs. Score Key:", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505468	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The magnificent altarpiece in the Cathedral of Ghent and the 'Arnolfini Wedding' are masterpieces painted by which 15th.century Flemish artist?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1000+ images about Jan V A N E Y C K on Pinterest \| Wings, Portrait and Belgium Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas Jan V A N E Y C K Jan Van Eyck is remembered as a Flemish painter who revolutionized the use of oil painting in Europe. His realistic style caught the eye of both royalty and patrons of the arts. His technique was revered for its unique richness of color and his keen attention to detail, both utilized in his notable paintings \"Arnolfini Wedding\" and the \"Ghent Altarpiece.\" 86 Pins310 Followers", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505469	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Lesotho is surrounded by which other country?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Lesotho Facts \| Sponsor a Child in Lesotho \| World Vision Explore areas where you can help us build a better world for children. Sponsor a Child in Lesotho «Previous Child is waiting for a World Vision sponsor. is years old and lives in . Progress in Lesotho Thanks to the generous support of our sponsors. World Vision was able to work alongside communities to accomplish the following in 2014. Children, parents, and community leaders were trained in child rights and prevention of child abuse to ensure the protection of children. We partnered with churches to strengthen the spiritual lives of community members through Bible schools, reconciliation workshops, and care team trainings. With our help, communities established disaster preparedness plans to mitigate the impact of natural disasters such as droughts. High school students improved their math and reading skills after we provided them with new textbooks and organized school competitions for them in these subjects. We increased food security year round by training families to grow their own fruits and vegetables and to preserve extra food through drying and canning methods. We empowered community members, church leaders, children, and youth to prevent the spread of HIV and AIDS and care for those affected by HIV and AIDS. + World Vision in Lesotho Today World Vision is committed to partnering with the people of Lesotho to improve their lives today and to help enact sustainable solutions for the future of their children, families, and communities. World Vision’s child sponsorship program plays a vital role in this partnership, with donors from the United States sponsoring more than 23,900 girls and boys. In addition to sponsorship, World Vision operates other programs that benefit communities in Lesotho. Highlights include: Ensuring children have access to quality education in improved facilities. Helping enhance good health for people living with HIV by implementing nutrition programs. Helping build over 70 houses for orphans to protect them from harsh weather conditions. + World Vision History in Lesotho World Vision child sponsorship in Lesotho dates back to 1976, with child sponsorship programs in two schools; an office was opened in 1987. Since then, some of World Vision’s major accomplishments have included: Providing nutritional programs, clean drinking water, and sanitation facilities, as well as meeting farming needs during the 1980s. Supplying meals for malnourished children and offering women vocational training to help them generate income in the late 1980s through the 1990s. Distributing food, toiletries, and fuel and offering recovery assistance programs to families affected by the Southern Africa food crisis in the 21st century. + Geography & People Geography and people Lesotho is a small, mountainous, independent nation completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. It is the only independent state in the world that lies entirely above 4,500 feet in elevation — in fact, 80 percent of the country lies above 5,900 feet. Due to its altitude, Lesotho remains cool throughout most of the year. The nation’s most important, yet scarce, resource is water for hydroelectricity. Other natural resources include farming and grazing land, sand, clay, building stone, and diamonds. The Basotho make up over 99 percent of Lesotho’s population and have lived in Southern Africa for nearly 600 years. Sesotho and English are both official languages, while Zulu, Xhosa, and French also are spoken. In rural areas, many extended families live together in a compound. The compound includes several buildings, a garden, and living space for animals. Everyone contributes to the upkeep and maintenance by doing chores, cooking, caring for the animals, and other tasks. History After 100 years under British protection, Lesotho became an independent nation in October 1966 with King Moshoeshoe II as sovereign. Political unrest after the 1970 elections led to a revision of the constitution and a lessening of the king’s power in politics. In February 1990, the chairman of the mili", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505470	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who wrote the novel 'Chesapeake'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Chesapeake - James A. Michener - Google Books James A. Michener \"Michener's most ambitious work of fiction in theme and scope.\" THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER \"Brilliantly written.\" ASSOCIATED PRESS Once again James A. Michener brings history to life with this 400-year saga of America's great bay and its Eastern Shore. Following Edmund Steed and his remarkable family, who parallel the settling and forming of the nation, CHESAPEAKE sweeps readers from the unspoiled world of the Native Americans to the voyages of Captain John Smith, the Revolutionary War, and right up to modern times. What people are saying - Write a review User ratings chesapeake User Review - byrd lady - Borders michener did a fantastic job of taking us through the separation from england right through the revolution.following the adventures of the steed family through so many different adventures was riveting.once you pick this book up you won't want to put it down. Read full review Chesapeake User Review - Xan the Man - Borders Like Centennial, I read this book for an English class. I liked it just as much as Covenant and Centennial. It is much like the other two books in style, but is set in the Chesapeake are on the ... Read full review Selected pages View all » Common terms and phrases aboard ain’t Akko Amos Ariel asked Bartley began birds boat boatyard bumed canoe Captain Turlock Cater Catholic Caveny Chesapeake Choptank Cline crabs cried Cudjo Dartmoor Deal Island deck Devon Island Eastem Shore England English father ﬁelds ﬁght ﬁgure ﬁnal ﬁnd ﬁne ﬁnished ﬁre ﬁrst ﬁsh Fithian ﬁve ﬂy geese girl gonna hand husband Indians Jake Jamestown Janney knew land leamed live looked Luta marsh Maryland Matt moming moved Nanticokes never niggers night oysters Patamoke Paul Steed Paxmore Peace Cliff Pentaquod Pﬂaum pirates plantation proﬁt Quaker retumed river Rosalind Ruth Brinton sail sailors ship shouted Simon skipjack slaves sloop St Eustatius Starbuck Stooby stood Susan Susquehannocks Tciblento thee There’s thing told took trees tumed Virginia waiting wamed watched werowance wharf Whisper wife woman women Xanga young About the author (1986) James A. Michener was one of the world's most popular writers, the author of more than forty books of fiction and nonfiction, including the Pulitzer Prize–winning Tales of the South Pacific, the bestselling novels The Source, Hawaii, Alaska, Chesapeake, Centennial, Texas, Caribbean, and Caravans, and the memoir The World Is My Home. Michener served on the advisory council to NASA and the International Broadcast Board, which oversees the Voice of America. Among dozens of awards and honors, he received America's highest civilian award, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, in 1977, and an award from the President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities in 1983 for his commitment to art in America. Michener died in 1997 at the age of ninety.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505471	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Other than Cyprus, what island country can be found in the Mediterranean Sea?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Cyprus travel guide - Wikitravel Understand[ edit ] Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1960. Despite a constitution which guaranteed a degree of power-sharing between the Greek Cypriot majority and the Turkish Cypriot minority, the two populations – with backing from the governments of Greece and Turkey , respectively, clashed in 1974, with the end result being the occupation of the northern and eastern 40% of the island by Turkey. In 1983, the Turkish-held area declared itself the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\". So far, only Turkey recognizes the TRNC, while all other governments and the United Nations recognize only the government of the Republic of Cyprus over the whole island. The UN operates a peacekeeping force and a narrow buffer zone between the two Cypriot ethnic groups. Fortunately, open hostilities have been absent for some time, as the two sides (now with the growing involvement of the European Union ) gradually inch towards a reunification of some sort. Get in[ edit ] Minimum validity of travel documents EU, EEA and Swiss citizens need only produce a national ID card or passport which is valid for the entirety of their stay in Cyprus. All other nationals who are required to have a visa (including visa-exempt nationalities such as New Zealanders and Australians), however, must produce a passport which has at least 3 months' validity beyond their period of stay in Cyprus. Children registered on their parents’ passport can travel to Cyprus until the age of 16. For more information, visit this webpage of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus . Cyprus is a member of the Schengen Agreement but has not yet fully implemented it. For EU and EFTA ( Iceland , Liechtenstein , Norway ) citizens, together with those of Switzerland , an officially approved ID card (or a passport) is sufficient for entry. In no case will they need a visa for a stay of any length. Others will generally need a passport for entry. Travel to/from any other country (Schengen or not) from/to Cyprus will (as of now) result in the normal immigration checks, but travelling to/from another EU country you will not have to pass customs. However, if Cyprus normally requires a visa for your nationality, this may be waived if you already have a valid Schengen visa. Inquire at your travel agent or call the local consulate or embassy of Cyprus. The visa list is already consistent with those of the Schengen countries fully implementing the agreement. Only the nationals of the following non- EEA countries do not need a visa for entry into the Schengen Area: Albania , Andorra , Antigua and Barbuda , Argentina , Australia , Bahamas , Barbados , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Brazil , Brunei , Canada , Chile , Costa Rica , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Israel , Japan , Macedonia , Malaysia , Mauritius , Mexico , Monaco , Montenegro , New Zealand , Nicaragua , Panama , Paraguay , Saint Kitts and Nevis , San Marino , Serbia /, Seychelles , Singapore , South Korea , Switzerland , Taiwan ** (Republic of China), United States , Uruguay , Vatican City , Venezuela , additionally persons holding British National (Overseas), Hong Kong SAR or Macau SAR passports. These non-EU/EFTA visa-free visitors may not stay more than 90 days in a 180 day period in the Schengen Area as a whole and, in general, may not work during their stay (although some Schengen countries do allow certain nationalities to work - see below). The counter begins once you enter any country in the Schengen Area and is not reset by leaving a specific Schengen country for another Schengen country, or vice-versa. However, Australian and New Zealand citizens may be able to stay for more than 90 days if they only visit particular Schengen countries—see the New Zealand Government's explanation . Note that while British subjects with the right of abode in the United Kingdom and British Overseas Territories citizens connected to Gibraltar are considered \"United Kingdom nationals for European Union purposes\" and therefore eligible for unlimited access to the Schengen", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505472	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which writer came up with Catch 22 in the 60s?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Catch-22: 50th Anniversary Edition: Joseph Heller, Christopher Buckley: 9781451626650: Amazon.com: Books By David B. on June 25, 2015 Format: Paperback\|Verified Purchase While Catch-22 can put people off due to being hard to follow or absurd, once you get accustomed to the writing style you come to love this book and really get caught up in the characters. Heller manages to discuss many of the darker aspects of war through Yossarian's experiences, but he is able to do so using irony and humor to make points more effectively than would be possible through a book that was entirely dark and bleak. Rare is a book such as this that can make you think so much about real issues while keeping you not just entertained but thoroughly enjoying the story and even laughing at the humorous and frequently absurd turns in events throughout the tale. By vijaynara on April 8, 2015 Format: Paperback\|Verified Purchase It's a hard read but well worth it. The book's background is about second world war and how the rationale behind lots of decisions could be self interest of individuals, stupidity and profiteering. I think the same thing applies to pretty much any realm of life -- a lot of corporate decision making definitely falls into this.. Even in individual homes, head of households can frequently make wrong decisions for him/herself or on behalf of family members, more due to lack of knowledge and empathy... The book ends with the message that each individual is responsible for his own life and can't just blindly let someone else make decisions for them or let things just happen.. Take charge of your own life.. By George J Caspar on October 11, 2016 Format: Paperback\|Verified Purchase This book is too clever by half. I imagine when it was first written the clever, sarcastic style seemed novel. To me, however, it became tiring. I got the joke or point of the book that the military bureaucracy and bureaucracies in general become absurd environments in which to operate. However, this joke and point could have been more effectively demonstrated in 100 pages rather than 500. The fact that the story never built up to a any sort of payoff convinces me that this would have been much more satisfying as a short story. In summary the book was well written, clever and even funny at points but far too long to justify spending the time to read it in my opinion. By Laszlo Hopp on January 11, 2014 Format: Paperback\|Verified Purchase It is a bizarre story staged in a small island of WWII Italy. We meet Yossarian, the veteran bombardier protagonist in a hospital where his imaginary liver pain causes an uncrackable puzzle to a bunch of incompetent army physicians. We also learn that, along with other officers, Yossarian is charged to censor the letters of the enlisted soldiers' to their loved ones. Yossarian first shows his rebellious nature by censoring the letters with the utmost irresponsibility. This act of his left me puzzled through the whole story - what was I missing? - To hide his mischief, he usually signs his reviews with the assumed name of Irwin Washington--except for one letter that he signs as his good friend, Chaplain Tappman. Toward the end of the book, the poor chaplain with his gentle soul gets into a whole lot of trouble because of this faked signature. From these humble beginnings, the plot takes on as the literary equivalent of \"Family Guy;\" an irreverent US animated sitcom series. The main conflict builds between Yossarian and his bombardment squadron leader, Col. Cathcart, because of increasing numbers of required missions. Although the colonel has the choice of requesting fresh crews, he wants to distinguish himself by the highest number of missions per crew in the entire Air Corps. It quickly becomes evident that Col. Cathcart doesn't have much more to impress his superiors with. Most chapters are methodically built around various characters who interact with Yossarian. Although this structure gives a sense of monotony and choppiness to the chapters, Heller manages to hold the story coherent with the help of the vibrant Yossaria", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505473	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which concert venue is the home of the Halle orchestra?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hallé Orchestra From: 22nd March 2017 The Bridgewater Hall Prodigiously gifted young Israeli conductor Lahav Shani makes his Hallé debut alongside a Hallé favourite, Sofya Gulyak. She is soloist in... Beyond the Score: Elgar’s Enigma Variations From: 11th March 2017 The Bridgewater Hall One evening Elgar sat down at his piano to improvise. ‘That’s a good tune’ said his wife Alice, ‘what is it?’ ‘Nothing yet’, r...", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505474	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In the soap opera, The Colbys, which Hollywood legend played Jason Colby?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Colbys (TV Series 1985–1987) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error This night time spin-off from the then top-rated series \"Dynasty\" featured the adventures of Jeff and Fallon Colby in California. Creators: Fallon's baby is still fighting for her life and at the same time Jeff and Miles await the results of the paternity test. Cash wants to leave Adrienne but little Scott persuades him otherwise. 9.6 Monica and Cash find Scott at the observatory, but the boy doesn't want anything to do with Monica. Jeff investigates Hoyt Parker to learn more about Conny's death. Kolya begs Sable to fire Gina. ... 9.5 Channing tells Miles she can't have children. In reality she's afraid of dying in childbirth like her mother. Fallon confides in Frankie. Sable insists that Channing visits a doctor for a second ... 9.4 a list of 25 titles created 14 Jun 2011 a list of 41 titles created 25 Jun 2012 a list of 40 titles created 10 Dec 2013 a list of 28 titles created 05 Jan 2015 a list of 41 titles created 3 months ago Search for \" The Colbys \" on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Title: The Colbys (1985–1987) 6.2/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 Primetime Emmy. Another 1 win & 11 nominations. See more awards » Photos The trials and tribulations of two feuding families, the Carringtons and the Colbys, both oil rich families in Denver, Colorado. Stars: John Forsythe, Linda Evans, Joan Collins Set in the vineyards of California, this prime-time soap opera featured the conflict within the powerful Gioberti family, owners of the vast Falcon Crest Winery. Stars: Jane Wyman, Lorenzo Lamas, Chao Li Chi The soapy, backstabbing machinations of Dallas oil magnate J.R. Ewing and his family. Stars: Larry Hagman, Ken Kercheval, Patrick Duffy The misadventures of the staff and guests of the St. Gregory Hotel. Stars: James Brolin, Connie Sellecca, Nathan Cook Gary and Valene Ewing, relatives of the Ewing clan of Dallas, arrive in Knots Landing to make a new home for themselves. However, scheming Abby Fairgate-Cunningham later breaks up their marriage when she seduces Gary. Stars: Michele Lee, Ted Shackelford, Joan Van Ark This movie picks up where the series ended; well not exactly where it ended. Instead of continuing where we were when the series ended, we are now two years later. Blake Carrington has just... See full summary » Stars: John Forsythe, Linda Evans, John James The lives and loves of a group of young adults living in \"Melrose Place\" in California. Each with their own dreams and drives, the inevitable conflicts, conquests, and consummations ensue. Stars: Heather Locklear, Andrew Shue, Courtney Thorne-Smith The weekly adventures of tough-as-nails veteran police officer Sgt. T.J. Hooker, who rides the beat with his rookie partner Vince Romano. Stars: William Shatner, Heather Locklear, Adrian Zmed A probationary angel sent back to earth teams with an ex-cop to help people. Stars: Michael Landon, Victor French, James Troesh John Steed and his new accomplices Purdey and Gambit find themselves facing new and deadly dangers in the bizarre world of espionage. Mixing fantasy with a darker edge, the trio face ... See full summary » Stars: Patrick Macnee, Gareth Hunt, Joanna Lumley Two friends, one northern and one southern, struggle to maintain their friendship as events build towards the American Civil War. Stars: Kirstie Alley, Georg Stanford Brown, David Carradine When Allie Lowell divorces her husband and gets custody of their two children, she moves to New York City and moves in with her best friend, Kate McArdle, also divorced and raising a ... See full summary » Stars: Susan Saint James, Jane Curtin, Frederick Koehler Edit Storyline Jeff Colby accepts and offer from his Uncle Jason Colby to work f", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505475	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which former World Darts Champion was given the nickname 'The Bronze Adonis'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "BBC SPORT \| Other Sport \| World Darts 2004 \| All in the name of darts All in the name of darts Ted 'The Count' Hankey gets to grips with the world title trophy Ted 'The Count' Hankey and Andy 'The Viking' Fordham - they are figures that seem to have been lifted straight from the pages of history. But darts are their only weapons of choice and it seems you have not arrived on the oche until you have acquired a nickname. Two-time finalist Hankey's tag only starts to make sense when you see him and realise he is the spitting image of a Hammer House of Horror Dracula - a younger version of snooker's Ray Reardon. The 2000 champion suffered in 2001 when he lost in the final to John 'Boy' Walton, named after the popular 1970s TV character. A triumph of good over evil if ever there was one. All three will be in action when the biggest names in darts reconvene at the Lakeside in 2004, as will the man with the shortest name in darts, Co Stompe. In a world stereotyped by big-bellied beer guzzlers, the Dutchman also happens to be the thinnest player and not surprisingly goes by the names 'Pencil' or 'Matchstick' due to his thin-as-a-rake appearance. Orange-clad fans will be hoping he is feeling sharp and lights up his first round meeting against Norway's Austrian-born Robert Wagner, a magician in his spare time who is known as 'The Meat Eater'. If Wagner comes up against England captain Martin 'Wolfie' Adams, there can be but one winner - at least in the name steaks - sorry, stakes. But as well as the inspired, there is the predictable. Triple world champion and number one seed Raymond van Barneveld clearly spent more time on the practice board than the chalkboard in coming up with 'Barney'. Steve Beaton - The Bronze Adonis - sports his golden mullett And Mervyn 'The King' King liked his name so much he used it twice. At least they are not just plain awful, a dubious list that must be topped by kilt-wearing 1997 champion Les Wallace, transformed into 'McDanger', while Richie Burnett is the 'Prince of Wales'. Check out the world title honours board and you can see darts has always been a name game, the list of former champions including the likes of Phil 'The Power' Taylor, Dennis 'The Menace' Priestley and the legend that is 'The Crafty Cockney', five-time winner Eric Bristow. They played with the likes of Rod 'Prince of Style' Harrington and, most bizarrely, Bob 'Limestone Cowboy' Anderson - a reference to his vaguely country-and-western get-up and roots. Anderson's 1988 win shows darts is no follower of fashion, a fact confirmed by Steve Beaton - 'The Bronze Adonis'. Beaton was anything but when he took the title in 1996 sporting the footballers' favourite 1980s haircut, the mullett, long past its sell-by date. Whatever you think of the tags, it all adds to the fun.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505476	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the casing in which a ship's compass is kept?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Nautical compasses 1 ANSCHï¿½TZ PROFILE - Hermann (Hubert Josef) Anschï¿½tz-Kaempfe (* 3 October 1872 in Zweibrï¿½cken; † 6 May 1931 in Munich) was a German scientist and the inventor of the compass gyro (called \"Kreiselapparat\" in his patent no. 182.855, issued 27 Apr. 1904). Since this device is a gyroscopic and not a magnetic compass, we do not deal with it in this museum (see also Sperry pat. 1,279,479). The company Anschï¿½tz & Co. was created on 28 October 1905 in Kiel and taken over by Raytheon in 1995. For more details, read on the official web site of the city of Kiel the article 100 Jahre Produktion Anschï¿½tz-Kreiselkompasse in Kiel (100 years production of Anschï¿½tz compass gyros in Kiel). Concerning the magnetic compasses for German WW1 submarines, go to U-Boot. Labels on binnacle and connectors box (Click on images for enlarged views) Fotos A. Kï¿½nig Compass and binnacle ASKANIA PROFILE - German manufacturer (See also Wrist and Marching compasses - more information HERE ). Its 3-letter-code during WWII was bxx ( click on link for pic. courtesy J-L Rosoux. The central part marked ASKANIA came probably after WWII in replacement for a part bearing the nazi eagle and svastika ). Picture at right courtesy J. Hessels The first Askania compasses are identical to the Carl Bamberg instruments, only the designation varies. In the following catalogues different abreviations are used. It is not possible to show the complete scope. The figure represents the card's diameter in mm. Pictures of compasses in the table below are taken from the catalogues \"Nautik 35 and Nautik 36\" and also from the catalogue of Askania VEB Teltow. In 1954, due to the existence of ASKANIA West Germany (FRG), the plants in the communist East Germany (GDR) were renamed into VEB Gerï¿½te- und Regler-Werke Teltow (VEB GRW Teltow - 2nd row in table below). 3rd row: This is not a compass but a pelorus . Cards for dry card and for fluid-damped compasses Askania - VEB TELTOW (former GDR, inside pages ) (Click on the pictures for enlarged views) Pictures courtesy Holger \"beutelbuch*de\" BAMBERG PROFILE - Carl Bamberg was a German compass manufacturer located in Friedenau near Berlin (for more information click HERE ). The company merged in 1921 with ASKANIA (above). Other products: see also Pocket and Aeronautical compasses. The catalogue Nautik XVII (pic at right) describes compasses and binnacles (see table below). Another catalog (link to pic. Nautik XIX ) describes the Instruments necessary for determining the magnetic forces and swinging the compasses, especially the magnetometer . Submarines (U-boote) were equiped with Anschï¿½tz gyro-compasses but for more safety a conventional compass was also installed on-board. See specific entry U-Boot . Concerning type M 414 the following explanation was published on the web site warrelics.eu by drmessimer : \"They were introduced into the Kaiserliche-Marine in 1908 and were installed in four early Kï¿½rting engine U-boats, U-1 to 4. Starting in 1910, only one and three axis gyro-compasses were installed in the U-boats under construction (U-5 to 15) and all subsequent boats until the end of the war. No magnetic compasses were installed in U-boats that were launched after 1909\" (source: Arno Spindler, Der Handelskrieg mit U-Booten, Chapter 10 - Das U-Bootsmaterial. Die militï¿½risch-technischen Vorbereitung und Vorbedingungen fï¿½r den U-Bootskrieg, pp. 78-94, E. S. Mittler & Sohn, 1932). They were installed in surface craft throughout the war, but not used as the primary navigating compass.\" DRY COMPASSES PROFILE - Former French company created in 1826 and located in Marseilles also known as Ateliers Julien. Partly taken over by BEN (Bianchetti Electronique Navigation) in 1962. Binnacle Description given in a late 19th c. book: A binnacle is a waist-high case or stand on the deck of a ship, generally mounted in front of the helmsman, in which navigational instruments are placed for easy and quick reference as well as to protect the delicate instruments. Its traditional purpose is to hold the ship's magne", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505477	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In 1961, where did a CIA-sponsored group make an unsuccessful attempt to invade Cuba?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Bay of Pigs invasion begins - Apr 17, 1961 - HISTORY.com Within the CIA, the Bay of Pigs invasion of April 1961 was regarded as the \"perfect failure.\" Cold War The Bay of Pigs invasion begins Share this: The Bay of Pigs invasion begins Author The Bay of Pigs invasion begins URL Publisher A+E Networks The Bay of Pigs invasion begins when a CIA-financed and -trained group of Cuban refugees lands in Cuba and attempts to topple the communist government of Fidel Castro. The attack was an utter failure. Fidel Castro had been a concern to U.S. policymakers since he seized power in Cuba with a revolution in January 1959. Castro’s attacks on U.S. companies and interests in Cuba, his inflammatory anti-American rhetoric, and Cuba’s movement toward a closer relationship with the Soviet Union led U.S. officials to conclude that the Cuban leader was a threat to U.S. interests in the Western Hemisphere. In March 1960, President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered the CIA to train and arm a force of Cuban exiles for an armed attack on Cuba. John F. Kennedy inherited this program when he became president in 1961. Though many of his military advisors indicated that an amphibious assault on Cuba by a group of lightly armed exiles had little chance for success, Kennedy gave the go-ahead for the attack. On April 17, 1961, around 1,200 exiles, armed with American weapons and using American landing craft, waded ashore at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba. The hope was that the exile force would serve as a rallying point for the Cuban citizenry, who would rise up and overthrow Castro’s government. The plan immediately fell apart–the landing force met with unexpectedly rapid counterattacks from Castro’s military, the tiny Cuban air force sank most of the exiles’ supply ships, the United States refrained from providing necessary air support, and the expected uprising never happened. Over 100 of the attackers were killed, and more than 1,100 were captured. The failure at the Bay of Pigs cost the United States dearly. Castro used the attack by the “Yankee imperialists” to solidify his power in Cuba and he requested additional Soviet military aid. Eventually that aid included missiles, and the construction of missile bases in Cuba sparked the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962, when the United States and the Soviet Union nearly came to blows over the issue. Further, throughout much of Latin America, the United States was pilloried for its use of armed force in trying to unseat Castro, a man who was considered a hero to many for his stance against U.S. interference and imperialism. Kennedy tried to redeem himself by publicly accepting blame for the attack and its subsequent failure, but the botched mission left the young president looking vulnerable and indecisive. Related Videos", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505478	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; To west country folk what people are ‘emmets’ and ‘grockles’?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "grockle - Wiktionary grockle Etymology[ edit ] A very old word of uncertain origin common for centuries in the New Forest area of Hampshire for people from outside it. In more recent times it has spread to other parts of the south coast and indeed elsewhere, including the former colonies of Northern and Southern Rhodesia as a term for a foreigner. The term is widely used in Devon where it refers to tourists or people recently relocated from elsewhere. The word was imported to the Isle of Man in 1970 by Capt McKenzie who had learned the word in Plymouth. Commonly referred to tourists in cars who can be easily identified because all Manx number plates have either MN or MAN in them. It has also been said to have derived from the eponymous dragon in the obsolete The Dandy comic strip \"Jimmy and his Grockle\", popularised by the movie The System. However its use in the New Forest area and local areas of Dorset and Wiltshire is well-attested by long-term residents of those areas.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505479	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which celebrated cook was born Isabella Mary Mayson?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Beeton, Isabella You are using an older browser version. Please use a supported version for the best MSN experience. Beeton, Isabella BEETON, ISABELLA BEETON, ISABELLA. Isabella Beeton (1836–1865), author of Beeton's Book of Household Management, was born at 24 Milk Street, Cheapside, London, as Isabella Mary Mayson, one of four children of Benjamin and Elizabeth Mayson. Isabella was educated at Heidelberg, Germany, and became an accomplished pianist. When she returned from Germany, and while visiting family and friends in London, she met the wealthy publisher Samuel Orchart Beeton. Samuel Beeton, a publishing genius, possessed a talent for capitalizing on Victorian market trends. Part of the new and prosperous middle class, he published popular literature and Beeton's Book of Garden Management and Beeton's Book of Universal Information. Isabella and Samuel were married on 10 July 1856 and settled in the London borough of Harrow. Their marriage was a fruitful professional collaboration: He was enthusiastic and creative, while she was a meticulous, level-headed researcher with an eye for detail. Beeton encouraged Isabella to compile her recipes and household management tips into articles written for The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine: An Illustrated Journal Combining Practical Information, Instruction, and Amusement (EDM). She eventually assumed editorial responsibilities for EDM, and also for the Beetons' new journal, the Queen. She was soon working regularly at Samuel's office at the Strand, in an era when very few women worked in an office. While writing and editing for Samuel's magazines, and despite the loss of her first child, Isabella was already researching and gathering data for her magisterial work, The Book of Household Management. She also found time to open a soup kitchen at her house in the winter of 1858 to feed the poor children of Hatch End and Pinner. According to Nicola Humble, the editor of the 2000 edition of Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management, the book remains one of the great unread classics of our time, though a highly collectible one. Published in October 1861, Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management (BHM) sold 60,000 copies and nearly 2 million by 1868. Originally published as monthly supplements in EDM, the first installment appeared in September 1859 when Isabella was twenty-three. The BHM, as Humble notes, is much more than a cookery book. Its comprehensive range of recipes and household management techniques (2,751 entries) speaks to a culture that was caught up in the social changes of mid-nineteenth-century urban England. The BHM is also a sort of window into the Victorian social life of kitchens and household, giving all manner of instructions on etiquette, on the handling of servants, the economic spaces of kitchens, child rearing, medical advice, and animal husbandry. The book is also noted for some famous maxims, including, \"A place for everything and everything in its place.\" Isabella Beeton herself never claimed that the recipes were original, and her preface acknowledges correspondents from Great Britain and Europe for their ideas. She adapted recipes from Alexis Soyer's Modern Housewife and Eliza Acton's Modern Cookery for Private Families, and, though she cites Soyer, she does not give credit to Acton. What Isabella Beeton did do was test the recipes herself, and any recipe she found uneconomical, impractical, and difficult, she discarded. If she was not an original cook, she was supreme in her organizational skills, arranging the recipes in alphabetical order, listing estimated costs, and producing clear, concise instructions for all food preparation and cooking as modern cookbooks do. It is worth noting that the BHM is not the first of its kind, and that Hannah Glasse's The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy (1747) also included household improvement tips and simplified cooking techniques. Isabella Beeton became ill after the birth of a child, and died of puerperal fever at age twenty-eight—but not before completing the editorial work on Mrs. Beeton's Dictionary of", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505480	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which popular confection was first launched as 'Rowntree's Chocolate Crisp' in 1935", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Rowntrees 150th anniversary: Fascinating facts on the British affection for confectionery - Mirror Online Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email When Henry Rowntree and his brother Joseph took over a struggling cocoa importer in 1862 they had no idea they were about to change the nation’s tastebuds for ever. But this week the company that consummated our love affair with confectionery is celebrating its 150th anniversary – and one of the sweetest success stories in food history. Rowntree’s Kit Kats, Smarties, Fruit Gums and Black Magic have helped turn us into a nation of chocaholics and pastille-suckers. And while the health police might also blame them for fuelling our obesity epidemic, few can imagine a world without the simple pleasure of sweeties. More emotion is invested in sweets than any other foodstuff. They bring back memories of childhood – that first trip to the corner shop and the joy of picking out cherry lips and gobstoppers in return for our pocket money pennies. And there’s outrage when manufacturers mess with our iconic treats – changing Marathons to Snickers or Opal Fruits to Starburst. In the early 19th century the Cadbury and Fry families set up successful chocolate companies in Birmingham and Bristol while the Rowntree’s headquarters was in York. The Rowntrees saw the chance to cash in on demand for cocoa as a health-giving drink with other products. In 1879 they brought in a French confectioner called August Claude Gaget. He introduced a new range of sweets including Rowntree’s Pastilles and Clear Gums – later Fruit Pastilles and Fruit Gums. At first they were sold only through chemists but in 1925 they became available to all in the now-iconic tube. In 1882 Rowntree’s started making chocolate beans like a French confection known as “crottes de lapin” – or rabbit droppings. Fortunately they dropped the name – and today British youngsters wolf down 307 tubes of Smarties every minute. 1954 Fruit Gums advert (Photo: Getty Images) But not all their products proved hits. Oxchocolate, a blend of cocoa and meat, failed to inspire its target audience of “cyclists and invalids”. In 1935 factory workers complained that the cost of chocolate put it out of their reach. Alex Hutchinson, an archivist for Nestle which took over Rowntree’s in 1988, said: “In those days if you gave a woman chocolates it wasn’t so much a gift as a marriage proposal. “Rowntree sold them in a hand-painted box that cost 100 shillings when a week’s rent for an ordinary worker in York was 10 shillings.” Rowntree’s marketing manger George Harris – the father of modern branding – carried out a survey of 7,000 customers and 2,500 retailers which led to the creation of an affordable assortment of chocolates to be called Black Magic. Two years later the firm changed the name of their cheap wafer bar the Chocolate Crisp to the Kit Kat – probably making it the only choc in history named after an 18th century political dining club. Today a billion are made every year in York with lines in 21 other countries. Japan produces the world’s greatest variety of Kit Kat flavours — more than 80 including soy sauce, vinegar and cucumber. So, as we celebrate 150 years of sweet success, let’s savour some more confectionery favourites and tasty candy facts. Bet chew didn't know that: Fascinating facts about our confectionery favourites * In the Middle Ages rich people ate “sweets” made from jelly and dried fruit and wafers made from batter. The Tudors ate gingerbread, sugared almonds and Marzipan a paste made of almonds and sugar. As sugar became cheaper during the 19th century boiled sweets were developed. Other favourites of the time included peanut brittle (1890), candy floss (1897) and Liquorice Allsorts (1899) * Modern marshmallows were invented around 1850 and fudge was first made in the USA in the 1880s. * People have chewed gum from trees for centuries but chewing gum was first made commercially in 1848. * Jelly babies were launched by Bassett’s in 1918 as “Peace Babies” to mark the end of the First World War.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505481	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"In 1985, Barbara Dickson released \"\"I Know Him So Well\"\" from the musical Chess, which remains the biggest-selling record by a female duo, with what other singer?\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Elaine Paige - Music on Google Play Elaine Paige About the artist Elaine Paige OBE is an English singer and actress best known for her work in musical theatre. Raised in Barnet, Hertfordshire, Paige attended the Aida Foster Theatre School, making her first professional appearance on stage in 1964, at the age of 16. Her appearance in the 1968 production of Hair marked her West End debut. Following a number of roles over the next decade, Paige was selected to play Eva Perón in the first production of Evita in 1978, which brought her to the attention of the broader public. For this role, she won the Laurence Olivier Award for Performance of the Year in a musical. She went on to originate the role of Grizabella in Cats and had a Top 10 hit with \"Memory\", a song from the show. In 1985, Paige released \"I Know Him So Well\" with Barbara Dickson from the musical Chess, which remains the biggest-selling record by a female duo. She then appeared in the original stage production of Chess, followed by a starring role in Anything Goes which she also co-produced. Paige made her Broadway debut in Sunset Boulevard in 1996, playing the lead role of Norma Desmond, to critical acclaim.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505482	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; For what name does the 'E' stand in Richard E Grant?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Richard E. Grant - Biography - IMDb Richard E. Grant Jump to: Overview (4) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (1) \| Trivia (18) \| Personal Quotes (11) Overview (4) 6' 2\" (1.88 m) Mini Bio (1) Richard E. Grant was born on May 5, 1957 in Mbabane, Union of South Africa as Richard Grant Esterhuysen. He is an actor, known for Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), Corpse Bride (2005) and Penelope (2006). He has been married to Joan Washington since November 1, 1986. They have two children. Spouse (1) ( 1 November 1986 - present) (2 children) Trivia (18) One stepson, Tom Studied English and drama at university in Capetown, South Africa. His father was the last minister of education in the British colony of Swaziland before independence in 1968. Played the Doctor in a line of BBC animated Doctor Who (1963) adventures showcased on the Internet. Had a piano suite composed for him by Canadian artist Emm Gryner . He was one of the guests at Prince Charles 's and Camilla Parker-Bowles ' wedding Took part in a special celebrity edition of Blind Date on The Prince's Trust 30th Birthday: Live (2006). He and actor Sir Roger Moore lost to The X Factor (2004)'s Chico Slimani , who got to date Barry Humphries . He has two roles in common with both David Collings and David Warner . (1) Collings played Bob Cratchit in Scrooge (1970), Warner played him in A Christmas Carol (1984) and Grant played him in A Christmas Carol (1999) and (2) Grant played the Doctor in Comic Relief: Doctor Who - The Curse of Fatal Death (1999) and Doctor Who: Scream of the Shalka (2003), Collings played him in the Big Finish audio drama \"Full Fathom Five\" and Warner played him in the Big Finish audio dramas \"Sympathy for the Devil\" and \"Masters of War\". He was also the narrator/performer for Bram Stoker's Dracula Book on tape. Is allergic to alcohol. He can have a drink and keep it down for about 10 minutes, but will be severely ill for 24 hours afterward. Loves new smells. Richard believes that smells evoke memories, so he loves to smell new books, cars, sofas, people. Wears two watches. The one on his right wrist was given to him by his late father and has Swaziland time. The one on his left wrist is set to British time. The initial E in his name came about because there was already someone registered with Equity as Richard Grant. Richard was born Richard Grant Esterhuysen. So with permission of the other Richard Grant and Equity, he added the E. to his name. According to his Wah-Wah Diaries, he was offered a major role in the remake of Flight of the Phoenix (2004). He has two roles in common with his Corpse Bride (2005) co-star Christopher Lee : (1) Lee played Sherlock Holmes in Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace (1962), Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady (1991) and Sherlock Holmes: Incident at Victoria Falls (1992) while Grant played him in The Other Side (1992) and (2) Lee played Holmes' brother Mycroft Holmes in The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970) while Grant played him in Sherlock (2002). Unlike other actors to take on the role of The Doctor (\"Doctor Who\") in their careers, he is the only one to play the role (\"Scream of the Shalka\") before returning as another major character in the series (\"The Snowmen\" as Dr. Simeon/The Great Intelligence). Attended the wedding of media mogul Rupert Murdoch to former model Jerry Hall in 2016. Personal Quotes (11) I'm still star-struck. I'm thrilled to say that hasn't changed. I think it has a lot to do with coming from nowhere and going somewhere. Where I grew up all there was in live entertainment was a drive-in cinema. I'm very aware of the leap from there to here. Ultimately, I think I'm too curious and enthusiastic to take any of it for granted. When an actor asks you to read his script, your heart sinks. The number of scripts I've been given by actors that are so unbelievably terrible! It's well known that actors are lousy writers. It's a chicken-and-egg situation: You've got to get name actors in order to get the finance, and in order to get the name actors you've got to bullshit that you've got the finan", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505483	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Lake Ontario is the smallest of the Great Lakes by area. What is the smallest by volume?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Lake Ontario Facts and Figures Lake Ontario, the 14th largest lake in the world, is the smallest of the Great Lakes in surface area. It ranks fourth among the Great Lakes in maximum depth, but its average depth is second only to Lake Superior. Lake Ontario lies 325 ft (99 m) below Lake Erie, at the base of Niagara Falls. The falls were always an obstacle to navigation into the upper lakes until the Trent-Severn Waterway, along with the Welland and Erie Canals were built to allow ships to pass around this bottleneck. The oldest lighthouse on the U.S. side of the Great Lakes was set up at Fort Niagara in 1818 to aid navigation. The basin is largely rural, with many scenic resort areas. A few large urban areas, including Ontario's capital city (Toronto), are located on the Canadian shoreline. In 1972-73, 1,000 scientists, engineers and technicians undertook the most extensive survey ever made of a Great Lake. LENGTH: 193 miles / 311 km. BREADTH: 53 miles / 85 km. AVERAGE DEPTH: 283 ft. / 86 m MAXIMUM DEPTH: 802 ft. / 244 m. VOLUME: 393 cubic miles / 1,640 cubic km. WATER SURFACE AREA: 7,340 sq. miles / 18,960 sq. km. TOTAL DRAINAGE BASIN AREA: 24,720 sq. miles / 64,030 sq. km. DRAINAGE BASIN AREA BY STATE/PROVINCE: New York: 13,500 sq mi; 35,000 sq km Ontario: 11,200 sq mi; 29,100 sq km Pennsylvania: 100 sq mi; 300 sq km SHORELINE LENGTH (including islands): 712 miles / 1,146 km. ELEVATION: 243 ft. / 74 m. OUTLET: St. Lawrence River to the Atlantic Ocean RETENTION/REPLACEMENT TIME: 6 years NAME: Champlain first called it Lake St. Louis in 1632. On a Sanson map in 1656, it remained Lac de St. Louis. In 1660, Creuxius gave it the name Lacus Ontarius. Ontara in Iroquois means \"lake,\" and Ontario, \"beautiful lake.\" References: Great Lakes Atlas , Environment Canada and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505484	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Who was the American writer and counterculture icon who coined the phrase \"\"Turn on, tune in, drop out\"\"?\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack by Timothy Leary on Apple Music 10 Songs Album Review In the 1960s and '70s, Dr. Timothy Leary managed to offend people on both the left and right. President Richard Nixon called him \"the most dangerous man in America,\" and many liberals and progressives felt that Leary's blatant promotion of LSD hurt their causes. Regardless, Leary was an icon of the psychedelic '60s counterculture, and some of his psychedelic theories and ideas can be heard on Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out. David Hancock, a busy classical recording engineer in the '60s, recorded this spoken word album in Leary's Hudson Valley, NY estate in 1967. Turning these recordings into an actual album required a lot of work on Hancock's part; when Leary spoke to Hancock, there were long pauses between each phrase — and Hancock needed to edit out those pauses in order to make Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out sound like a legitimate spoken-word album. On this disc, one hears Leary expressing his belief that most of society's problems are caused by people over 40 (although Leary himself was about 46 or 47 at the time) and complaining that the American school system breeds mindless conformity, but mostly, he talks about drugs — especially LSD, which Leary believed could dramatically change society for the better. But one doesn't have to agree with Leary's theories to realize that Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out has historic value. This recording is very much a product of its time, and it is an intriguing listen despite — or perhaps because of — Leary's eccentricities and excesses. Customer Reviews by i heart the 60s The album title says it all. This is one triptastic masterpeice for the ages. Re: The main review for this album and the reviewer who wrote it. by Vishnu Sharan To whoever wrote this review... For future reference, don't comment on a subject you obviously know little to nothing about. You sound not only arrogant but also stereotypically conservative and ignorant. Are you experienced or have you ever been experienced? Next time you have the oppurtunity to experience losing your ego...Take the ritual sacrement, relax and float down stream, don't be anxious for anything but make your requests known to the LORD and remember : Be Here Now. Dr. Leary once said, (paraphrasing) the worst thing that can happen from taking LSD, is that you will come back the same person you were at the beginning of the trip. After you come back, then write a review for this album. Pancreatic cancer? by if6ws9 Obviously the main review of this recording is written by someone who’s point of view is that in every situation all drugs are bad or it’s worded as a safe legal strategy (legal department: “don’t be ambivalent; drugs are bad mmm kay”). This historical documentation is part of a large picture of a man and how a drug became a sacrament of a revolution. LSD’s influence was ubiquitous and can be seen in everything that came out of the 1960’s. Music, fashion, art, politics (JFK probably took it) and consciousness. Timothy Leary was an opportunist but he believed that through the ritualistic use of LSD people could open doors of perception that would lead to a better world through the understanding that there is no separation between what is perceived and the object of perception. “As above; so below” was a common 60’s expression used to convey the understanding that everything is one and the same. Leary believed that everything emanated from Love and that ultimately Love was everything. His was a noble experiment shattered by misinformation and the sad truth that not everybody had a good heart. Biography Born: October 22, 1920 in Springfield, MA Genre: Spirituality Years Active: '70s, '80s, '90s Most famous as a writer and countercultural theorist, Timothy Leary recorded a collectable spoken word/sound montage album of sorts at the height of the psychedelic era, and released... Top Albums and Songs by Timothy Leary 1.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505485	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the last film directed by David Lean, cast included Peggy Ashcroft & Judy Davis?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A Passage to India (1984) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A Passage to India ( 1984 ) PG \| Cultural mistrust and false accusations doom a friendship in British colonial India between an Indian doctor, an Englishwoman engaged to marry a city magistrate, and an English educator. Director: E.M. Forster (by), E.M. Forster (based on the novel by) \| 2 more credits » Stars: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 30 titles created 18 Jan 2013 a list of 27 titles created 23 Apr 2013 a list of 23 titles created 04 Jan 2014 a list of 45 titles created 17 Jan 2015 a list of 28 titles created 26 Jul 2015 Title: A Passage to India (1984) 7.4/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 2 Oscars. Another 19 wins & 26 nominations. See more awards » Videos Set in the wake of the 1916 Easter Rising, a married woman in a small Irish village has an affair with a troubled British officer. Director: David Lean The life of a Russian physician and poet who, although married to another, falls in love with a political activist's wife and experiences hardship during the First World War and then the October Revolution. Director: David Lean A humble orphan suddenly becomes a gentleman with the help of an unknown benefactor. Director: David Lean An orphan named Oliver Twist meets a pickpocket on the streets of London. From there, he joins a household of boys who are trained to steal for their master. Director: David Lean A lonely American woman unexpectedly finds romance in Venice, Italy. Director: David Lean Meeting a stranger in a railway station, a woman is tempted to cheat on her husband. Director: David Lean After settling his differences with a Japanese PoW camp commander, a British colonel co-operates to oversee his men's construction of a railway bridge for their captors - while oblivious to a plan by the Allies to destroy it. Director: David Lean This \"story of a ship,\" the British destroyer HMS Torrin, is told in flash backs by survivors as they cling to a life raft. Directors: Noël Coward, David Lean Stars: Noël Coward, John Mills, Bernard Miles Edit Storyline Circa 1920, during the Indian British rule, Dr. Aziz H. Ahmed was born and brought up in India. He is proficient in English, and wears Western style clothing. He meets an old lady, Mrs. Moore, at a mosque, who asks him to accompany her and her companion, Adela Quested, for sight-seeing around some caves. Thereafter the organized life of Aziz is turned upside down when Adela accuses him of molesting her in a cave. Aziz is arrested and brought before the courts, where he learns that the entire British administration is against him, and would like to see him found guilty and punished severely, to teach all native Indians what it means to molest a British citizen. Aziz is all set to witness the \"fairness\" of the British system, whose unofficial motto is \"guilty until proved innocent.\" Written by rAjOo (gunwanti@hotmail.com) See All (73) » Taglines: David Lean, the Director of \"Doctor Zhivago\", \"Lawrence of Arabia\" and \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\", invites you on . . .[A Passage to India] Genres: 1 February 1985 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Pasaje a la India See more » Filming Locations: Peggy Ashcroft 's favorite scene was when she got to ride an elephant. See more » Goofs In a faraway shot at the \"bridge\" party at the club, an all-Indian band is playing, but the conductor's beat pattern is off- the song is in common time (4/4 time), but he is beating beat 3 when the band is playing beat 1. See more » Quotes Mrs. Moore : My dear, life rarely gives us what we want at the moment we consider appropriate. Adventures do occur, but not punctually. (United States) – See all my reviews Sometimes, what you don't see can be of equal importance to what you do see in a", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505486	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which vegetable gives lasagne verde its green colour?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Easy Vegetable Lasagna Recipe Home Page » Recipes » Easy Vegetable Lasagna Recipe Easy Vegetable Lasagna Recipe 235 comments Tender vegetables, a light tomato sauce and lots of cheese make this vegetable lasagna recipe one of our favorites. Jump to the Vegetable Lasagna Recipe now or watch our video to see how we make it. As much as we love beef lasagna , when we both had a slice of this veggie version, we really didn’t miss the meat. We wanted seconds and if we could fit them, thirds. We love this recipe as much as our healthy spinach lasagna . This veggie lasagna doesn’t require too much time, either. While water boils and noodles cook, you can get through making most of the vegetable sauce. Then, all you do is finish the sauce, assemble and bake for 30 minutes or so. Bonus — We actually found this vegetable lasagna is better the next day – score for make-ahead meals. If you like this veggie lasagna, you’ll love our Creamy White Chicken Lasagna Recipe with its cheesy sauce, chicken sausage and fresh spinach. How to Make Our Easy and Adaptable Vegetable Lasagna The recipe is adaptable — you can choose to add your favorite vegetables. We kept things simple with onion, zucchini, yellow squash and a jar of roasted red peppers. Try adding chopped mushrooms, olives, spinach or carrots. Just keep the proportions similar — 8 to 10 cups of chopped vegetables should do it. We bet you can come up with some pretty amazing vegetable combinations. One thing — if you do adapt, we highly recommend keeping the roasted red peppers. The red peppers add so much flavor. When we first made this, we omitted them. Then, on a second go-round we added a whole jar. Wow, what a difference they made — roasted red peppers add some sweet and a little smokiness. You May Also Like Our baked ziti with spinach and artichokes is so simple to make. These easy, cheesy baked zucchini chips are addictive. They are perfect to serve with dinner or just as an afternoon snack. Recipe updated, originally posted May 2013. Since posting this in 2013, we have tweaked the recipe to be more clear and added a quick recipe video. – Adam and Joanne", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505487	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which song from Joseph And The Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat gave Jason Donovan a number one hit single in 1991?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat: Amazon.co.uk: Music Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat Only 1 left in stock. Dispatched from and sold by EliteDigital UK . Get it as soon as 25 Jan. - 3 Feb. when you choose Standard Delivery at checkout. Details 8 new from Â£13.95 48 used from Â£0.28 See all buying options These items are dispatched from and sold by different sellers. Show details Buy the selected items together This item:Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat by Original Cast Recording Audio CD Â£13.95 Only 1 left in stock. Sent from and sold by EliteDigital UK. Â£1.26 delivery Sent from and sold by Amazon. FREE Delivery on orders over Â£20. Details Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Audio CD (23 April 2007) Number of Discs: 1 2. Any Dream Will Do (Single Version) 3. Jacob & Sons/Joseph's Coat 6. One More Angel In Heaven 7. Potiphar 9. Go, Go, Go Joseph 10. Pharaoh Story 12. Song Of The King (Seven Fat Cows) 13. Pharaoh's Dreams Explained 16. The Brothers Come To Egypt/Grovel, Grovel 17. Who's The Thief? 19. Joseph All The Time 20. Jacob In Egypt 21. Finale: Any Dream Will Do/Give Me My Coloured Coat 22. Joseph Megamix CD Amazon.co.uk If you were to think this 1991 London revival cast of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat sounds a lot like the 1992 Canadian revival cast and the 1993 Los Angeles revival cast , you'd be right. All three use the glitzy version of Andrew Lloyd Webber and Rice's school-cantata-turned-musical based on the biblical story of Joseph and his coat of many colors, which debuted with this London revival in 1991 and became the basis for most subsequent productions, as well as the video version ,. Yes, the \"Joseph Megamix\" is here, along with the witty lyrics and catchy melodies that borrow freely from country, calypso, French cafés, and Elvis ,as well as favorites \"Any Dream Will Do,\" \"Close Every Door,\" and \"Go, Go, Go Joseph.\" And orchestral credits, cover art, and running time are almost exactly the same, leading one to believe that the various casts recorded their vocals over the same prerecorded orchestral tracks. So is there any difference between the three? Yes, the singers, most notably the role of the narrator and the title character. This London production starred Linzi Hateley as the narrator and Australian pop singer Jason Donovan as Joseph. For the 1992 Canadian cast, former teen pop sensation Donny Osmond took over the title role, with Janet Metz as the narrator. In Los Angeles in 1993, Michael Damian was Joseph and Kelli Rabke the narrator. All the narrators are solid, though Hateley is probably the best overall. The biggest difference is Osmond, the clear winner with a terrific voice and irresistible warmth, contrasted with Donovan's somewhat thick and heavy singing and Damian's rather deliberate pronunciation. You really don't need more than one of these Josephs, and the Canadian cast is the one to have. --David Horiuchi Customer Reviews", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505488	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Voyager Golden Record is a phonograph record included in the two Voyager spacecraft that contains 27 selected recordings said to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth. Who is the most represented artist?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Voyager Golden Record - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Voyager Golden Record. Cover of the Voyager Golden Record. The Voyager Golden Record are phonograph records which were included aboard both Voyager spacecraft , which were launched in 1977. They contain sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth, and are intended for any intelligent extraterrestrial life form, or far future humans, who may find them. The Voyager spacecraft are not heading towards any particular star, but Voyager 1 will be within 1.6 light years of the star AC+79 3888 in the Ophiuchus constellation in about 40,000 years . [1] As the probes are extremely small compared to the vastness of interstellar space, it is extraordinarily unlikely that they will ever be accidentally encountered. If they are ever found by an alien species, it will most likely be far in the future, and thus the record is best seen as a time capsule or a symbolic statement rather than a serious attempt to communicate with extraterrestrial life. Contents 9 External links Background As of 2008 , the Voyager spacecraft became the third and fourth human artifacts to escape entirely from the solar system. Pioneers 10 and 11 , which were launched in 1972 and 1973 and preceded Voyager in outstripping the gravitational attraction of the Sun , both carried small metal plaques identifying their time and place of origin for the benefit of any other spacefarers that might find them in the distant future. With this example before them, NASA placed a more comprehensive (and eclectic) message aboard Voyager 1 and 2 —a kind of time capsule , intended to communicate a story of our world to extraterrestrials. “ This is a present from a small, distant world, a token of our sounds, our science, our images, our music, our thoughts and our feelings. We are attempting to survive our time so we may live into yours. ” Contents Explanation of the Voyager record cover diagram, as provided by NASA. The contents of the record were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University . Dr. Sagan and his associates assembled 115 images and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind, and thunder, and animal sounds, including the songs of birds and whales . To this they added musical selections from different cultures and eras, spoken greetings in fifty-five languages, and printed messages from President Jimmy Carter and U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim . After NASA had received criticism over the nudity on the Pioneer plaque (line drawings of a naked man and woman), the agency chose not to allow Sagan and his colleagues to include a photograph of a nude man and woman on the record. Instead, only a silhouette of the couple was included [2] . Here is an excerpt of President Carter's official statement placed on the Voyager spacecraft for its trip outside our solar system, June 16, 1977: We cast this message into the cosmos… Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, some — perhaps many — may have inhabited planets and space faring civilizations. If one such civilization intercepts Voyager and can understand these recorded contents, here is our message: We are trying to survive our time so we may live into yours. We hope some day, having solved the problems we face, to join a community of Galactic Civilizations. This record represents our hope and our determination and our goodwill in a vast and awesome universe. The 115 images are encoded in analogue form. The remainder of the record is audio, designed to be played at 16⅔ revolutions per minute. Greetings The first audio section contains spoken greetings in the following 55 languages [3] , including 4 Chinese dialects (marked with **) and 12 South Asian languages (marked #) listed here in alphabetical order: Strin", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505489	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which is the largest lake in Venezuela?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "LakeNet - Lakes General Information Description Maracaibo is one of only 17 ancient lakes on earth. It is estimated to be the second oldest, having been created approximately 36 million years ago. Maracaibo is the largest lake in South America and is connected to the Gulf of Venezuela by a narrow strait in the north, making it slightly saline. The Lake Maracaibo basin includes the largest oil fields in Venezuela. It also holds almost a quarter of Venezuela's population. Country", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505490	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who reached the FA Cup final in 2011 for the first time in the club's history?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "History \| Fulham Football Club Fulham Football Club History Fulham St Andrew's The Club was born when a school teacher and churchwarden formed a team for local boys at Fulham St Andrew’s Church in 1879. Although cricket initially took the priority, seven years later, the team won their first silverware, the West London Amateur Cup, beating St Matthew's 2-1 in the Final. New name, new home In outgrowing its origins the Club's title was shortened to Fulham Football Club in January 1889, meaning the original nickname of the Saints had to be dropped. As results improved and progress was made, we also found ourselves a new home – moving from park pitches, pub changing rooms and a groundshare with Wasps Rugby Club to a seven-acre site located on the north bank of the Thames. Craven Cottage In 1896, after two years of development, the Club finally took residence in their new home – one that would not only match our ambitions but also offer a more secure foundation to move forward. Fulham won their first home game too, beating Minerva 4-0 in the Middlesex Senior Cup, and very quickly the symbolic relationship between Club and ground was forged. To this day, few clubs can claim to be more synonymous with its home. Onwards and upwards Having gained professional status on 12th December 1898, Fulham rose from the Southern League divisions to reach the national Football League in September 1907. In our first season we would finish fourth and just short of promotion from Division Two, although we did reach the Semi-Finals of the FA Cup, as we would again in 1936. It may have taken us a little while to reach the top division, but promotion to Division One was finally secured for the 1949/50 season as Fulham went up as Division Two champions. The 50s and 60s After struggling to adjust to the step up, Fulham finished bottom of the First Division at the end of the 1951/52 campaign. We had to wait seven seasons for a return, although the Semi-Finals of the FA Cup were reached for a third time in 1958. With that momentum, the Club pushed on and made it back to the top for the 1959/60 season to usher in what is largely considered as one of the most exciting eras in Fulham’s history. The Club would spend nine seasons in the top flight (our longest spell outside of the Barclays Premier League years), thanks largely to a wonderfully talented group that included the great Johnny Haynes, Tony Macedo, George Cohen, Jim Langley, Alan Mullery, Bobby Robson, Graham Leggat, Fred Callaghan and Rodney Marsh. Wembley heroes Having slipped down to Division Three by the 1969/70 season, the FA Cup Final was the unprecedented highlight of the 1970s. Having reached the Semi-Final for a fourth time in 1962, Fulham finally made the Wembley showpiece in May 1975 after a staggering 11-game run (a never-to-be-beaten record of most games en-route to the final) that included six replays. Then a Division Two club, Fulham would meet Division One West Ham United in the final – a match that would sadly end in a 2-0 defeat. However, against all the odds we had finally got to the Final and in going close the side, led by Captain Mullery, would be remembered for many years to come. Darker days While a number of high-profile players like Bobby Moore and George Best had joined during the mid to late 1970s, promotion back to the top division had still proved elusive. As the Club bobbed up and down between the second and third tier, Malcolm Macdonald's young side of the early 1980s did offer a moment of hope only to be denied on the final day of the 1982/83 campaign. Mounting financial pressures followed and as a result the majority of the Club's key players were sold as Fulham again dropped to Division Three. In 1987 the situation worsened and the Club came dangerously close to extinction. Only the intervention of a group led by ex-player Jimmy Hill just about kept Fulham in business. Form continued to wane out on the pitch, and by the end of the 1995/96 season we recorded our worst ever league finish in ending the campaign 17th out of 24 in Division Three. Rising from the a", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505491	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who wrote the children's novel 'What Katy Did' and the 'Katy' series of books?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "What Katy Did (Children's Classics): Amazon.co.uk: Susan Coolidge: 9781853261312: Books What Katy Did (Children's Classics) Add all three to Basket Buy the selected items together This item:What Katy Did (Children's Classics) by Susan Coolidge Paperback Â£1.99 In stock. Sent from and sold by Amazon. FREE Delivery on orders over Â£10. Details Sent from and sold by Amazon. FREE Delivery on orders over Â£10. Details Heidi (Children's Classics) by Johanna Spyri Paperback Â£1.99 In stock. Sent from and sold by Amazon. FREE Delivery on orders over Â£10. Details Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Apple To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. or Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . Product details Publisher: Wordsworth Editions; New edition edition (5 Mar. 1994) Language: English Product Dimensions: 12.8 x 1.1 x 19.8 cm Average Customer Review: Product Description Review Those who enjoy Jodie will turn with interest to Laurel Lefkow's spirited reading of Susan Coolidge's What Katy Did, not only because of the heroines' similarities, but because it opens such a vivid window into a domestic world that we have lost: full of aunts and cousins, innumerable siblings and clearly drawn moralities. Abridgement has meant a loss of detail, but has made the book work better for a modern audience. --Christina Hardyment, The Times Book Description The boisterous, tall, unstoppable Katy Carr will win your heart in her struggle to become good --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. By Tori on 14 Nov. 2004 Format: Hardcover Katy's tale could so easily have been preachy. Set in 1860s USA it's about a thoughtless, careless, happy girl who has a terrible accident. As she learns to live with pain and with not being able to walk, she also learns how to be patient and loving. However, the lessons are interspersed with annecdotes about Katy and her family. These are so alive and colourful that I am sure they must be partly true! There's the time Katy befriends a counterfeiter's wife; an important visitor finds and reads aloud Katy's story about Bop the blue poodle and Lady Edwitha of the Hebrides; and her sister Johnny's 'baby', a chair named Pikery falls ill and must be dosed with stolen medicine. I love the underlying message, which is that good deeds begin at home - think globally, act locally. After Katy falls ill, she lies in bed fretting that she will never be able to perform all the great deeds she hoped to do. However she learns that she can make a difference to her family and friends. I love the honesty of it - although at the end Katy is adored by her family, she is still sometimes headstrong and impatient, and there are times when she must work at being good. I loved the fact that her change has not consumed the joyous, impetuous part of her and there are still merry times after the accident. I would love to know what a person who has suffered a similar disablement thinks of this story. Similar reads are L M Mongomery's Anne and Emily books, Laura Ingalls Wilder's pioneering stories and Louisa M Alcott's Little Women. By JRW on 19 Dec. 2010 Format: Paperback Katy Carr is a twelve year-old girl, a tomboy who lives in a small house with her father, aunt and five younger brothers and sisters. At first, the book appears to be about growing up; with the plays, antics and misadventures of Katy, her siblings and friend Cecy Hall. The cheerful tone present early in the story is swiftly replaced about halfway through after a tragic incident which makes the book take a darker outlook and it becomes a nail-bit", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505492	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the name of the fictional paper company whose offices provide the setting for the British sit-com 'The Office'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Paper Chase - The New Yorker The Paper Chase Office life in two worlds. By Tad Friend If Samuel Beckett were still around, his plays might begin on the late shift. “An office. An unattended PC glows under strong fluorescent light. Front left, a copying machine. Front right, a document shredder. Back, in near-darkness, a lounge with a disorderly refrigerator. A head peeps over a cubicle wall.” Yet Beckett might consider an office too familiar, too encoded with generic misery. Just as a commercial about a fretful housewife readies us for a miracle spray, so a commercial set in an office—such as one for FedEx, Sprint Nextel, and countless others—prepares us for jocular scenes of oppression. The ads follow the blueprint established by the “Dilbert” comic strip and by Mike Judge’s 1999 film “Office Space” (where the boss kept dropping by to follow up on “those T.P.S. reports”). At the office, we have come to understand, the boss is always a blustery martinet; abbreviations are a B.F.D.; your co-workers eat your food, talk your ear off, and stab you in the back; and work has no inherent value. The richest treatment of these themes—and other, more searching considerations—occurred on “The Office,” a BBC Two sitcom whose impact vastly exceeded the length of its run: a mere twelve episodes in 2001-02 and a two-part coda, “The Office Christmas Special,” the following year. Shot as a mock documentary, it examined the daily nonevents at a branch of Wernham Hogg, a fictional paper-supply company in Slough, the city west of London celebrated by John Betjeman: “Come friendly bombs and fall on Slough! / It isn’t fit for humans now.” The show, which aired here on BBC America and is available as a DVD set, was indebted for its format and some of its improvisatory byplay to such Christopher Guest films as “Best in Show,” but while Guest’s characters are defined by excessive optimism, the paper pushers created by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant were glum and self-loathing. They gauged their standing in the world by their jobs, as many of us do, and their jobs involved monotonous labor at a failing company in a collapsing industry. Like “The Office,” standout workplace sitcoms—including “The Mary Tyler Moore Show,” “MAS*H,” “Taxi,” and “The Larry Sanders Show”—take place at pokey or besieged outfits. Their characters’ struggles to have their lives matter make the show “relatable,” as the networks put it. Failure is repeatedly relatable, whereas triumph goes down best in a single serving, such as one of those movies about unlikely bobsled heroes or plucky pint-size hockey players. A Goldman Sachs sitcom would have to be set in the mailroom, because watching envy and truckling is a lot funnier than watching the distribution of Christmas bonuses. The workers at Wernham Hogg wear muted blues and grays and seem to be drowning in queasy fluorescence; they never see the sun. The show’s format compounded the gloom, because our emotions weren’t being cued with pop-song hooks or jolted by a laugh track; yet, by placing the cameras right up in the action and interspersing one-on-one interviews, the show allowed us to discover the characters for ourselves. The documentary verisimilitude also allowed scenes to peter out with a blank look or a sigh rather than build up to the American joke-joke-joke crescendo, known as the “blow,” a structure that usually involves someone bellowing at a freshly slammed door, “Does this mean we’re not getting married?” The show’s lodestar was Ricky Gervais as the regional manager, David Brent. With his dated Vandyke, darting eyes, and shit-eating grin; with his wish to be more of a friend and entertainer than a boss, a wish torpedoed by the coercive feebleness of his patter and his horrifying dance moves; and with his unerring gift for joining conversations and killing them with one unpardonable remark, David was a new figure in sitcoms: the unbearable lead. In the first episode, in a scene that extended for an excruciating two and a half minutes, he sought to impress the new temp by having him sit in as he played", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505493	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The rivers Niger and Volta empty into which Gulf, part of the Atlantic Ocean?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Rivers in West Africa \| USA Today Rivers in West Africa The Niger is the longest river that flows its entire course within West Africa. (Photo: Daniel Berehulak/Getty Images News/Getty Images ) Related Articles Mountains in Northern Italy West Africa is a region comprising more than a dozen countries on the continent's Atlantic coast, including Niger, Ghana, Mali and the Congo Republic. The climates range from desert and savannah to lowland woodlands and tropical rainforests. In the less arid areas, the inland population centers tend to be confined to the banks of a few significant rivers. Congo River One of the world's major rivers, the Congo is nearly 3,000 miles long, making it the second-largest river in Africa. With depths measured at more than 750 feet, the Congo is the deepest river in the world. The Congo runs much faster than most other rivers of such size and is second only to the Amazon in terms of the amount of water it discharges at its mouth. Bordering 10 countries, the river rises in central Africa and makes a giant westward curve before emptying into the Atlantic below Livingstone Falls near Kinshasa, Congo Republic, and Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Niger River With a delta that drains a region containing several of Africa's largest population centers, including Lagos, Nigeria, which is the most populous city on the continent, the Niger is the longest river that flows its entire length within West Africa. At almost 2,600 miles, the Niger flows through five countries in the region before emptying into the Atlantic Ocean at the Gulf of Guinea. Since the late 20th century, the Niger's delta has become a major source of oil and natural gas, as well as a major transportation source for the entire region. Senegal River Rising in the mountains of Guinea, the Senegal River flows through Mauritania and the country that shares its name before spilling into the Atlantic Ocean at Saint-Louis. Hydroelectricity and agriculture are the primary economic contributions made to the region by the 1,700-mile river, which is the second longest in West Africa. Fishing is also a major activity throughout the Senegal basin, but overfishing and human development have contributed to an annual drop in the annual catch in the region. Volta River Formed by the confluence of the Black, White and Red Voltas, the Volta River is a relatively shallow watercourse that flows through Burkina Faso and Ghana before reaching its mouth at the Gulf of Guinea on Africa's Atlantic coast. The Aksombo Dam in Ghana, a major source of hydroelectric power in the region, created Lake Volta, which is the world's largest reservoir. Along with regional transportation, Lake Volta is seen as a potentially valuable fishery because it is large enough to support commercial fish farming. References", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505494	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which pop group had a hit in 1972 with the song 'Sylvia's Mother'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sylvia’s Mother free mp3 download 3:41 Play Stop Download Lyrics Bon Jovi - Sylvia's mother Live acoustic version of Dr. Hook's Syliva's mother done by Bon Jovi. 14 november 2003 at borgata hotel. You can see a live version by Dr. Hook here: ... Dr Hook & The Medicine Show - \"Sylvia´s Mother\" From Shel´s Houseboat! Dr Hook & The Medicine Show - Sylvia´s Mother. 4:10 Play Stop Download Lyrics The real story of Sylvia's Mother sung by Dr. Hook (dutch subbed) A mini documentary of the real story behind Sylvia's Mother, an interview with her and with Sylvia From the Dr. Hook hit \"Sylvia's Mother\" Bon Jovi - Sylvia's Mother (Dr Hook Cover) Bon Jovi's version of the Dr.Hook classic Sylvia's Mother. 5:25 Play Stop Download Lyrics Bobby Bare \"Sylvia's Mother\" Bare's version of the Dr. Hook hit topped out at #12 in 1972, the same year that Hook's did so at #5 on the pop charts. Enjoy! 4:50 Play Stop Download Lyrics Sylvia's Mother - Dr. Hook - Cover - Lyrics - Akkorde / Chords - beginner guitar lesson Gitarre lernen mit Pop- und Rock Songs Guitar for Beginners - Free Guitar Lessons Sylvia's Mother - Dr. Hook - Cover - Lyrics - Akkorde / Chords - beginner ... 3:59 Play Stop Download Lyrics Dakota Rideout - Sylvia's Mother (Dr. Hook cover) http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/MHHYR2M ----CLICK THIS LINK & VOTE FOR ME! Hey everyone! It's been a while since I've uploaded a video, but I've finally ... 4:07 Play Stop Download Lyrics Sacha Distel - Sylvias Mutter sagt 1977 Sacha Distel - Sylvias Mutter sagt 1977 Deutsche Version von Dr. Hook & The Medicine Show - Sylvia's Mother 1971 Sylvias Mutter sagt, Sylvia ist nicht da und ...", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505495	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which Dickens novel does the action start with the Dover mail coach being stopped on Shooters Hill with a message for a passenger - lawyer 'Jarvis Lorry'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A Tale of Two Cities: Amazon.co.uk: Charles Dickens: 9781517275471: Books A Tale of Two Cities Add all three to Basket Buy the selected items together This item:A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Paperback Â£9.18 In stock. Sent from and sold by Amazon. FREE Delivery on orders over Â£10. Details The Old Curiosity Shop (Wordsworth Classics) by Charles Dickens Paperback Â£1.99 In stock. Sent from and sold by Amazon. FREE Delivery on orders over Â£10. Details David Copperfield (Wordsworth Classics) by Charles Dickens Paperback Â£1.99 In stock. Sent from and sold by Amazon. FREE Delivery on orders over Â£10. Details Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Apple To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. or Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . Product details Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (9 Sept. 2015) Language: English Product Dimensions: 15.2 x 1.8 x 22.9 cm Average Customer Review: Product Description Review [A Tale of Two Cities] has the best of Dickens and the worst of Dickens: a dark, driven opening, and a celestial but melodramatic ending; a terrifyingly demonic villainess and (even by Dickens standards) an impossibly angelic heroine. Though its version of the French Revolution is brutally simplified, its engagement with the immense moral themes of rebirth and terror, justice, and sacrifice gets right to the heart of the matter . . . For every reader in the past hundred and forty years and for hundreds to come, it is an unforgettable ride. from the Introduction by Simon Schama\" --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. Book Description With an exclusive introduction by Peter Ackroyd, these out of print editions are brought back to life with a fresh and timeless new look. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. By Misfit TOP 1000 REVIEWER on 1 July 2007 Format: Paperback I will never, the rest of my life forget these two sentences. \"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness....\" and at closing \"It is a far, far, better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to, than I have ever known.\" Wow, this is not your usual Dickens. No quirky characters with strange names and laugh out loud moments, just a darn good story -- the story of two cities, London and Paris. It is difficult to put the plot into words, but when the book begins you are in London at the time of the American revolution and spies (or suspected spies) abound, and the story eventually switches to France prior to and during the French revolution. Dickens does a marvelous job (as always) of building his story one step at a time and slowly peeling back the layers one at a time. This is not a put down and pick it up a week later kind of a book, it is very intense and complicated and you have to pay close attention. I was just floored at how he sucked me in with his descriptions of the mobs, terror and the madness of the revolution leading you to a nail biting finish. I admit to holding my breath during those last few pages! Highly recommended, and well worth the time to discover (or rediscover) an old classic.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505496	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The condition of seasonal allergic rhinitis is better known by what name?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The condition of seasonal allergic rhinitis is better known by what name? - YouTube The condition of seasonal allergic rhinitis is better known by what name? Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jul 29, 2013 This improves the knowledge of the children indirectly as they never know that they are learning. - Category", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505497	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Berlin Wall was breached in 1989, for how many complete years had it stood?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Fall of the Berlin Wall - November 9, 1989 - Association for Diplomatic Studies and TrainingAssociation for Diplomatic Studies and Training More Moments in U.S. Diplomatic History At the end of World War II, Germany was partitioned into four separate areas, each controlled by the four allied powers: the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union. As relations with the USSR deteriorated, the split hardened into just two separate regions: West Germany, supported by the United States and other Western democracies; and East Germany, which was controlled by the Soviet Union. The Berlin Wall, constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1961 to separate West from East Berlin, became a symbol of the division between democracy and communism. East Germany cut its citizens off from the West and violently put down a rebellion in East Berlin in 1953 . When Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985, he and President Ronald Reagan established a rapport which allowed the United States and the USSR to improve relations. Eventually, the unthinkable happened — on November 9, 1989 the Berlin Wall fell, representing the symbolic end to the Cold War. The following is a speech given by Ambassador J.D. Bindenagel, who was the former Deputy U.S. Ambassador to the German Democratic Republic from 1989-1990, at the University of Notre Dame on the tenth anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall. In his speech he provides his personal experiences with the fall of the Berlin Wall and examines the developments that made it possible. Read also about how the U.S. dealt with a reunified Germany . “The world held its breath waiting for the Soviet tanks to crush the German revolutionaries” BINDENAGEL: The major conflict of ideas that has shaped my career was the East-West confrontation between capitalism and communism. In fact, I have spent a majority of my professional career defending freedom from the communist threat. The symbolic vortex of that conflict was at the Fulda Gap in Germany, where a million soldiers from NATO were lined up against a million soldiers from the Warsaw Pact ready to destroy the world. I myself was an infantry officer in Wuerzburg, Germany, near the Fulda Gap, this main Soviet invasion route across Central Europe. The division of Berlin, symbolized by the Berlin Wall, was for us a deeply terrorizing reminder of man’s inhumanity to man. During the first year of the Berlin Wall more than 50 people died trying to escape the communist paradise. On August 17, 1962, 18-year-old East Berliner Peter Fechter tried to escape near Checkpoint Charlie. As he climbed the Wall, his own East German border guards shot him. For hours he lay helpless and unattended at the foot of the Berlin Wall while he bled to death. The worldwide rejoicing at the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989 was easily understood everywhere as an end to this affront to the dignity of human beings everywhere. Throughout its 28-year existence, the Berlin Wall divided, but did not conquer the spirit of the Germans in the German Democratic Republic. The end of the Berlin Wall brought a new, reborn Germany – the Berlin Republic – dedicated to human dignity, founded in democratic institutions of the Bonn Republic and the democratic revolution in East Germany. I was the deputy American ambassador in East Berlin when the Berlin Wall was breached. Later I was country director for Germany in the State Department and then deputy and acting American Ambassador in the Berlin Republic. The question most asked over the past decade was and is; “What is the Berlin Republic?” The following question was inevitably; “What does this new Germany, the Berlin Republic, mean to the United States?” Let me share with you one anecdote that captures the spirit of freedom on the 1989 Revolution. I was a fortunate eyewitness when the Berlin Wall came tumbling down (“Ich war dabei”) twenty-eight years after the East German leader Walter Ulbricht erected this hated symbol of communism and division. I was th", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505498	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which island is known as the 'Pearl of the Caribbean'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Islands in Brief in Caribbean \| Frommer's advertisement Anguilla Although it's developing rapidly as vacationers discover its 19km (12 miles) of arid but spectacular beaches, Anguilla (rhymes with \"vanilla\") is still quiet, sleepy, and relatively free of racial tensions. A flat coral island, it maintains a maritime tradition of proud fishermen, many of whom still make a living from the sea, catching lobsters and selling them at high prices to expensive resorts and restaurants. Although the island has a handful of moderately priced accommodations, Anguilla is a very expensive destination, with small and rather exclusive resorts. It's as posh as St. Barts, but without all the snobbery. There are no casinos (and that's the way most of the locals want it). In fact, there's not much to do here except lie in the sun, bask in luxury, and enjoy fine dining. Antigua Antigua is famous for having a different beach for every day of the year, but it lacks the lushness of such islands as Dominica and Jamaica. Some British traditions (including a passion for cricket) linger, even though the nation became independent in 1981. The island's population of 80,000 is mostly descended from the African slaves of plantation owners. Antigua's resorts are isolated and conservative but very glamorous, its highways are horribly maintained, and its historic naval sites are interesting. Antigua is politically linked to the sparsely inhabited and largely undeveloped island of Barbuda, about 50km (31 miles) north. In spite of its small size, Barbuda has two posh, pricey resorts. Aruba Until its beaches were \"discovered\" in the late 1970s, Aruba, with its desertlike terrain and lunarlike interior landscapes, was an almost-forgotten outpost of Holland, valued mostly for its oil refineries and salt factories. Today vacationers come for the dependable sunshine (it rains less here than anywhere else in the Caribbean), the spectacular beaches, and an almost total lack of racial tensions despite a culturally diverse population. The high-rise hotels of Aruba are within walking distance of each other along a strip of fabulous beach. You don't stay in old, converted, family-run sugar mills here, and you don't come for history. You come if you're interested in gambling and splashy high-rise resorts. Barbados Originally founded on a plantation economy that made its aristocracy rich on the backs of slave laborers, this Atlantic outpost was a staunchly loyal member of the British Commonwealth for generations. Barbados is the Caribbean's easternmost island, a great coral reef floating in the mid-Atlantic and ringed with glorious beige-sand beaches. Cosmopolitan Barbados has the densest population of any island in the Caribbean, with few racial tensions despite its history of slavery. A loyal group of return visitors appreciates its stylish, medium-size hotels (many of which carry a hefty price tag). Usually, service is extremely good, a byproduct of the British mores that have flourished here for a century. Topography varies from rolling hills and savage waves on the eastern (Atlantic) coast to densely populated flatlands, rows of hotels and apartments, and sheltered beaches in the southwest. If you're looking for a Las Vegas-type atmosphere and fine beaches, go to Aruba. If you want history (there are lots of great houses and old churches to explore); a quiet, conservative atmosphere; and fine beaches, come here. Bonaire Its strongest historical and cultural links are to Holland. Although long considered a poor relation of nearby Curaçao, Bonaire has better scuba diving and better bird life than any of its larger and richer neighbors. The terrain is as dry and inhospitable as anything you'll find in the Caribbean, a sparse desert landscape offset by a wealth of marine life that thrives along miles of offshore reefs. The island isn't overly blessed with natural resources, but those coral reefs around most of the island attract divers and snorkelers from all over the world. The casino and party crowds should head for Aruba instead. The British Virgin Islands (B.V.I.)", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505499	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which city is Corriere Della Sera the daily paper?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Corriere della Sera \| Italian newspaper \| Britannica.com Corriere della Sera Daily Mail Corriere della Sera, ( Italian: “Evening Courier”) morning daily newspaper published in Milan , long one of Italy’s leading newspapers, in terms of both circulation and influence, noted for its foreign coverage and its independence. It was Italy’s preeminent daily for many years following World War II . Headquarters of Corriere della Sera, Milan, Italy. Giovanni Dall’Orto Established in 1876 as an evening paper, it later became a morning daily but retained the name. It was acquired in 1885 by a wealthy textile family, the Crespis, who gave it complete editorial independence. Except during the years of fascist rule in Italy, Corriere della Sera followed an independent-centrist editorial policy until the 1970s. In that decade, which was marked at Corriere della Sera by labour disputes, changes in editors, and a change of owners, the paper’s editorial position moved steadily to the left, which prompted a group of editorial employees to move to Corriere della Sera’s centrist rival, Il Giorno. The paper has appealed to both the upper and the middle classes with its serious and literary style. Using special traveling correspondents and authoritative writers, it has offered finely written, personalized reports and many special departments. The paper also uses such unusual features as an entire page devoted to one subject. Its national coverage is substantial; it has some 600 correspondents throughout Italy and bureaus in 20 foreign cities. Screenshot of the online home page of Corriere della Sera. Copyright 2011 © RCS Quotidiani Spa. All rights reserved. Learn More in these related articles:", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505500	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Anthony Hopkins and Geoffrey Howe were born in which Welsh town?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Geoffrey Howe, Thatcher’s First Finance Minister, Dies at Age 88 - Bloomberg Bloomberg the Company & Its Products Bloomberg Anywhere Remote LoginBloomberg Anywhere Login Bloomberg Terminal Demo Request Bloomberg Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world. Customer Support Advertising Bloomberg Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world. Customer Support Geoffrey Howe, Thatcher’s First Finance Minister, Dies at Age 88 David Henry Geoffrey Howe, the U.K. Conservative minister who imposed controversial austerity measures in 1981 and provided the trigger for Margaret Thatcher’s political demise by resigning nine years later, has died. He was 88. Howe died Friday night at his home in Warwickshire, England, after attending a jazz concert with his wife, according to BBC News. His time as Britain’s finance minister was “vital in turning the fortunes of our country around, cutting borrowing, lowering tax rates and conquering inflation,” Prime Minister David Cameron said in a statement Saturday on Facebook. “He was the quiet hero of the first Thatcher government.” Howe’s passing comes a week after the death of Denis Healey, one of his Labour opponents in Thatcher-era ideological battles and his predecessor as Chancellor of the Exchequer. As the longest-serving minister in Thatcher’s cabinet, Howe played a leading role in shaping the key policies of her 11-year tenure. As her first chancellor, he cut the budget deficit, aiming to lower inflation, and removed exchange controls. The unemployment rate more than doubled as the government broke the power of trade unions and ended state subsidies for large manufacturers. Thatcher’s Nemesis Later, as foreign secretary, he became a nemesis to the “Iron Lady” by advocating increased integration with Europe on economic and monetary affairs. His stance cost him his job in 1989 and he was given the largely symbolic post of deputy prime minister. Howe delivered a resignation speech in November 1990 that took the prime minister to task for her refusal to allow the U.K. to enter the exchange-rate mechanism, a convergence measure designed to smooth the path to membership of the euro currency. Thatcher stepped down two weeks later as support for her government crumbled. John Major replaced her. “We have done best when we have seen the Community not as a static entity to be resisted and contained but as an active process which we can shape,” Howe said in the House of Commons, referring to the European Community, the forerunner to the European Union. “The European enterprise is not, and should not be seen like that, as some kind of zero-sum game.” Monetarist Approach A lawyer by training, Howe developed a monetarist approach to economic management while watching consumer prices surge under Labour governments in the 1970s. When he cut billions of pounds from the 1981 budget and raised taxes during a recession in order to bring down interest rates, 364 economists protested in a letter to the London-based Times that Howe was making a mistake. He later said his strategy was vital to a recovery. “On the face of it, they were wrong,” Philip Booth, a professor at the Institute of Economic Affairs, wrote in the Telegraph newspaper in 2006, on the 25th anniversary of the letter. “The economic recovery that the 364 said would not happen began more or less as soon as the letter appeared.” Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe was born on Dec. 20, 1926, in Port Talbot, Wales, a town known for its steelworks and as the birthplace of film actors Richard Burton and Anthony Hopkins. Howe’s father, Edward, was a Welsh lawyer and his mother, Lili, came from Liverpool. She was politically conservative and made her views known to her sons, according to Howe’s 1994 book “Conflict of Loyalty.” Law Career Howe attended Winchester Colle", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505501	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"What type of tasty treat brings \"\"all the boys to the yard\"\"?\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Kelis - Milkshake Lyrics \| MetroLyrics Milkshake Lyrics Advisory - the following lyrics contain explicit language: My milk shake brings all the boys to the yard, And there like, Damn right its better than yours, I can teach you, But I have to charge I know you want it, The thing that makes me, What the guys go crazy for. They lose their minds, My milk shake brings all the boys to the yard, And there like, Damn right its better than yours, I can teach you, But I have to charge I can see you're on it, You want me to teach the Techniques that freaks these boys, It can't be bought, Just know, thieves get caught, Watch if your smart, My milk shake brings all the boys to the yard, And there like, Damn right its better than yours, I can teach you, But I have to charge Once you get involved, Everyone will look this way-so, You must maintain your charm, Same time maintain your halo, Just get the perfect blend, Plus what you have within, Then next his eyes are squint, Then he's picked up your scent, Lala-lalala,", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505502	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who dated Ellen Degeneres from 1997-2000?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Ellen DeGeneres dated Anne Heche - Ellen DeGeneres Girlfriend - Zimbio Prev 4 of 4 Next 4. Ellen DeGeneres dated Anne Heche 1997 - 2000 Ellen DeGeneres and Anne Heche carried on a public relationship from 1997 to 2000. It marked a rare moment and a sea change in Hollywood as the two were the most high-profile openly lesbian couple in entertainment at the time. Sign Up for Our Newsletter Thanks for signing up!", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505503	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which General led the Allied forces which recaptured the South West Pacific between 1942-45?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Douglas MacArthur - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Douglas MacArthur’s Early Years Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, at the Little Rock Barracks in Arkansas . MacArthur’s early childhood was spent on western frontier outposts where his Army officer father, Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912), was stationed. The younger MacArthur later said of the experience, “It was here I learned to ride and shoot even before I could read or write–indeed, almost before I could walk or talk.” Did You Know? One of General Douglas MacArthur's trademarks was his corncob pipe. The Missouri Meerschaum Company, in business in Washington, Missouri, since 1869, made MacArthur's pipes to his specifications. The company continues to produce a corncob pipe in his honor. In 1903, MacArthur graduated at the top of his class from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. As a junior officer in the years leading up to World War I , he was stationed in the Philippines and around the United States, served as an aide to his father in the Far East and participated in the American occupation of Veracruz , Mexico, in 1914. After the United States entered World War I in 1917, MacArthur helped lead the 42nd “Rainbow” Division in France and was promoted to brigadier general. Between Battles From 1919 to 1922 Douglas MacArthur served as the superintendent of West Point and instituted a variety of reforms intended to modernize the school. In 1922 he wed socialite Louise Cromwell Brooks (c. 1890-1965). The two divorced in 1929, and in 1937 MacArthur married Jean Faircloth (1898-2000), with whom he had one child, Arthur MacArthur IV, the following year. In 1930 President Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) named MacArthur chief of staff of the Army, with the rank of general. In this role, MacArthur sent Army troops to remove the so-called Bonus Army of unemployed World War I veterans from Washington , D.C., in 1932. The incident was a public relations disaster for MacArthur and the military. In 1935, after finishing his term as chief of staff, MacArthur was tasked with creating an armed force for the Philippines, which became a commonwealth of the United States that year (and gained independence in 1946). In 1937, upon learning he was scheduled to return for duty in the United States, MacArthur resigned from the military, stating that his mission wasn’t finished. He remained in the Philippines, where he served as a civilian advisor to President Manuel Quezon (1878-1944), who had appointed him field marshal of the Philippines. World War II In 1941, with expansionist Japan posing an increasing threat, Douglas MacArthur was recalled to active duty and named commander of U.S. Army forces in the Far East. On December 8, 1941, his air force was destroyed in a surprise attack by the Japanese, who soon invaded the Philippines. MacArthur’s forces retreated to the Bataan peninsula, where they struggled to survive. In March 1942, on orders from President Franklin Roosevelt (1882-1945), MacArthur, his family and members of his staff fled Corregidor Island in PT boats and escaped to Australia. Shortly afterward, MacArthur promised, “I shall return.” U.S.-Philippine forces fell to Japan in May 1942. In April 1942, MacArthur was appointed supreme commander of Allied forces in the Southwest Pacific and awarded the Medal of Honor for his defense of the Philippines. He spent the next two and a half years commanding an island-hopping campaign in the Pacific before famously returning to liberate the Philippines in October 1944. Wading ashore at Leyte, he announced, “I have returned. By the grace of Almighty God, our forces stand again on Philippine soil.” In December 1944, he was promoted to the rank of general of the Army and soon given command of all Army forces in the Pacific. On September 2, 1945, MacArthur officially accepted Japan’s surrender aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. From 1945 to 1951, as Allied commander of the Japanese occupation, MacArthur oversaw the successful demobilization of Japan’s military forces as well as the restoration of the economy, the drafting o", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505504	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which James Bond film does he have to defeat shipping magnate Karl Stromberg?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Karl Stromberg \| James Bond Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Film biography Background The webbed-fingered Karl Stromberg is a successful self-employed businessman as head of his own shipping firm . It must be noted that in Christopher Wood 's novelisation of the film, Stromberg's first name is Sigmund, and is Swedish. Stromberg's obsession and passion is the ocean where he lives in his palace, named Atlantis , that could submerge itself underwater so as not to be seen or detected. Located off the coast of Sardinia , Italy , Atlantis has everything to support life above and below water for any length of time. In fact, Atlantis is more like a city, able to support dozens if not hundreds of people. Stromberg also owns a huge tanker, named Liparus , that serves as his headquarters away from Atlantis. Aboard the tanker he has a small army of soldiers clad in orange jumpsuits. Scheme Although Stromberg has a passion and love for the ocean and its various species, he absolutely despises the human race, not unlike Jules Verne's Captain Nemo. Stromberg, however, is much more diabolical and has no interest in benefitting the world. He has a congenital condition in which his hands were webbed like those of aquatic birds or mammals. It is his personal mission to start over with a new civilization underwater. After contracting two scientists to create the technology to track nucleur submarines , Stromberg takes this technology and uses it to capture a Soviet nuclear submarine and a United Kingdom submarine. By tracking the subs, Stromberg's specially adapted tanker, the Liparus, would sneak up on the subs and capture them inside the tanker. His plan calls for the use of firing nuclear weapons from these subs at Moscow and New York City , thus framing each other's government and starting a nuclear war, which would wipe out every last human being on Earth. The Russian and British government send the agents Anya Amasova and James Bond respectively. -\"Every person who even comes into contact with that microfilm, is to be eliminated\". Stromberg to Jaws This scheme is actually a recycled plot from a previous film, You Only Live Twice , which was similar in that by stealing space capsules it would start a war between the Soviets and the Americans. The scheme in which the villain wishes to destroy mankind to create a new race or new civilization was also used in Moonraker , the next film after The Spy Who Loved Me. In Moonraker, the villain Hugo Drax had an obsession with starting a new human civilization in space. The film Moonraker was also written by Christopher Wood. Both featured Jaws as a henchman. Prevention While Bond and Amasova are briefed about their task, Stromberg meets with Dr. Bechmann and Professor Markovitz , the men who developed his submarine tracking system. He tells them that he has payed 10 million dollars each into their bank accounts. Before dismissing them, he tells them that he regrets to inform them that someone has been attempting to sell the plans to competing world powers and that only someone close to the project could have done so. He tells his assistant to leave the room while he discusses with the men, but as she enters the elevator, Stromberg pushes a button and the bottom of the elevator opens, dropping the girl into a water tank occupied by a swimming shark. Over a PA system, Stromberg reveals that woman was the one responsible for trying to sell the project as she had access to the information and watches with little to no emotion as the woman ends up being devoured by the shark. The two scientists then leave the room and Stromberg heaves Atlantis, his underwater palace, out of the ocean. He then calls two henchmen, Sandor and Jaws, and tasks them with the recovery of the tracking system, telling them to eliminate everyone who came into contact with the system. Stromberg then watches the helicopter with the two scientists leaving Atlantis and, with them having outlived their usefulness, blows them up. He then swiftly cancels the transaction and tells a secretary to inform the two mens' families that the", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505505	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who is the new judge on 'Dragon's Den'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Dragon's Den 2011: Wannabe entrepreneurs face new judge Hilary Devey \| Daily Mail Online The new girl: Businesswoman Hilary Devey is replacing James Caan on the Dragon's Den judging panel She's the hard-working, tough-talking businesswoman who overcame difficult obstacles on her way up the ladder. But despite her confidence and fiercely-ambitious nature, Hilary Devey said she felt nervous taking her seat as the new judge on Dragon's Den. Devey, 54, has replaced James Caan for the ninth series of the reality TV show, and said she was delighted when the BBC asked her to join the panel. In her first interview since joining the team, Hilary, who is the boss of a Leicestershire-based freight distribution firm, spoke to the Sun and said: 'I have always been a fan of the show and I was so pleased when the BBC asked me to be on it.' And how does she think she was received by the wannabe entrepreneurs? 'Viewers will have to decide for themselves,' she said, 'but I hope they think I have brought flair and flamboyance to the Den. Humour too. 'I have brought a competitive edge to proceedings. I enjoy the rivalry. It's fun.' 'I lost my rag a few times as I thought people were trying to pull one over me. I don't like that. I am tenacious and I have not been afraid to work hard. She told the newspaper that she was made to feel at ease by her fellow judges - Duncan Bannatyne, Peter Jones, Deborah Meaden and Theo Paphitis - but added: 'I was still very nerve-racking on the first day. I felt like the new girl at school and it did take a few pitches to find my feet.' Bolton-born Hilary runs Pall-EX which pulls in £100million in revenue every year. But she revealed that she worked hard to get where she is now, even sacrificing her personal life for the job, but she said her determination to succeed was spurred on by some horrible times in her life. Hilary, who has divorced twice, had a tummy tuck that gave her a stroke and helping her son battle his heroin addiction. The new line up: Hilary joins Duncan Bannatyne, Peter Jones, Deborah Meaden and Theo Paphitis Two years ago she went for the cosmetic procedure and said: 'I wanted a flat stomach, like a lot of women, but I did not rest much afterwards and I had a stroke. I am OK now.' She then had to tackle her son Melvin's £600-a-day heroin habit - which he funded by stealing from his mother. She said: 'For a long time I had to lock every door behind me. 'He would steal my clothes, food, electrical household items - anything he could sell for money to get a fix.' But Hilary said he has overcome his addiction and said: 'Time is a healer and he is going back to college. 'We are really close and I will always be there for him.' Looking forward, she said: 'I really loved doing Dragons' Den. 'I really hope the BBC will want me back.' Tough at the top: Hilary hard at work in her Pall-Ex office", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505506	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which designer, restaurateur, and retailer owns Habitat, etc?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Terence Conran \| British designer and entrepreneur \| Britannica.com British designer and entrepreneur Alternative Title: Sir Terence Orby Conran Terence Conran Terence Conran, in full Sir Terence Orby Conran (born October 4, 1931, Surrey, England ), English designer, restaurateur, and businessman credited with making stylish housewares and home décor available to a wider market beginning in the 1960s. Terence Conran. Courtesy of The Conran Shop Conran attended the Central School of Arts and Crafts (now a college at Central Saint Martins University of the Arts), where he studied textile design. He established a furniture studio while still a student, sharing the space with one of his professors, artist Eduardo Paolozzi. In 1950 Conran left school to work for an architect, whom he assisted in planning structures used for the 1951 Festival of Britain. He opened a furniture workshop, Conran and Company, in London’s Notting Hill neighbourhood in 1952. Impressed by Gallic cuisine during a sojourn in France that year, Conran, along with several friends, opened a French-inspired restaurant in London in 1953; it was followed by a coffee shop in 1954. In 1956 he formed the Conran Design Group, which, in addition to subsuming his furniture business, designed interiors and retail spaces. Among the nascent atelier’s early efforts was a shop design for fashion designer Mary Quant . Though Conran made much of his early furniture by hand, by 1963 he had moved operations to a large factory in Norfolk, England. In 1964 Conran opened Habitat, a store selling his furniture as well as a range of then-obscure housewares such as woks, in London’s Chelsea neighbourhood. Conran’s innovative “flat-packaging”—which required the purchaser to assemble the furniture at home—allowed for substantially lower pricing. This accessibility, combined with the elegant and utilitarian Bauhaus ethos of the products, particularly appealed to young working people to whom artful design had been previously unavailable (such luxuries being considered the preserve of the wealthy). Conran opened a succession of Habitat outlets in London, and by 1970 the retailer had merged with a stationery company, which gained controlling stock. By 1977 the chain had expanded to the United States—where it was known as the Conran Shop because of trademark conflicts. Conran reacquired Habitat in 1980, and in 1981 he took the company public. A year later it expanded again to include Mothercare, a retailer of maternity and infant products. In 1986 Conran folded those stores, along with British Home Stores and several clothing chains, into the conglomerate Storehouse, for which he served as CEO and chairman. Following the poor performance of the unwieldy holding company, investors ousted him as CEO in 1988, and he stepped down as chairman in 1990. Habitat, of which he had again lost ownership, was sold in 1992 to the Ikano Group, a Swedish company that also owned the mass-market IKEA housewares chain. Britannica Stories Big Radio Burst from Tiny Galaxy Conran, however, maintained some of his business interests under Conran Holdings, established in 1990. Among them was his growing restaurant business, established as Conran Restaurants (later called D&D London) in 1991, which oversaw a variety of eateries in London as well as internationally, and his architectural design firm (founded 1982). The latter, which became Conran & Partners in 1999 following a merger, designed portions of the massive Roppongi Hills development in Toyko (2003). Conran also managed to salvage the Conran Shop from Storehouse, buying back the retailer and erecting outposts in France, Japan, and the United States . The retail magnate maintained a separate custom-furniture imprint, Benchmark , founded in 1984. Conran was the author of numerous books on design- and food-related topics, among them The House Book (1974), Terence Conran’s Home Furnishings (1986), Terence Conran on Restaurants (2000), and Terence Conran’s Inspiration (2008; cowritten with Stafford Cliff). He established Boilerhouse, an exhibition space at t", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505507	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On which US state’s flag can the Union Jack be seen?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It's official: We can call our flag the Union Jack \| Express Comment \| Comment \| Daily Express EXPRESS COMMENT It's official: We can call our flag the Union Jack IF I HAD a flagpole in my garden I know what I would be doing this morning: running up the Union Jack in celebration of a famous defeat against the collected forces of pedantry. 05:31, Tue, Oct 15, 2013 Unflagging: Children demonstrate their patriotism with the national flag [ALAMY] The chief vexillologist of the Flag Institute, who is just about the highest authority you can find in the flag world, has declared that, yes, we can after all call our national flag the Union Jack. In other words we can ignore know-all letter-writers who can always be relied upon to go into action every time the term \"Union Jack\" is broadcast or used in print. Don't you realise, they say, that the term \"Jack\" should only ever be used at sea and that on dry land it should always be the Union flag? Well it seems not. Graham Bartram, who undertook research for the Flag Institute, has concluded that the terms Union Jack and Union flag have always been acceptable alternatives whether you are steaming out of Portsmouth on a frigate or hoisting it on the Houses of Parliament. One of the important pieces of evidence is a 1902 Admiralty circular which declared the terms to be interchangeable: it made no difference whether you called it the Union Jack or the Union flag. As for the theory that a Union Jack is only a Union Jack when flown at sea that is also faulty. It derives from the longest ablished use of the term \"jack\" for the bow flag of a ship. Yet Buckingham Palace is unconvinced that this is how the flag got its name. Palace historians believe that the jack in the Union Jack may be a reference to King James I, who established the flag in a royal decree in 1606. So there. Finally it seems we have managed to reclaim the Union Jack from decades of pedantry and political correctness. It wasn't so long ago that flying it was frowned upon because of its adoption by the far-Right. Now the familiar emblem can be seen reproduced on cushions and duvets in fashionable stores. A stylised version of it appeared on the vests of our Olympic athletes. It appears more and more on public buildings and flutters from growing numbers of private properties too. But don't think we have heard the last from the pedants yet. They might - not entirely unreasonably - point out that the Union Jack did not begin as a national flag but as a royal one. Its existence predates Great Britain by 101 years and the United Kingdom by 195 years. Reclaimed from decades of pedantry James I - or James VI as he was known in Scotland - created the Union Jack in order to have an emblem for his personal royal domain. Yet England and Scotland remained separate countries until the Act of Union in 1707. It was as if the Queen now used a personal flag to recognise that she is head of state of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other independent countries which began as British colonies. Although James I was king of Ireland as well as England and Scotland the original Union Jack did not incorporate the cross of St Patrick. That was only added in a royal proclamation in 1801 following the Act of Union which created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. There was a campaign to remove the cross of St Patrick following Irish independence in 1921 but it was saved by the fact that the six counties of Northern Ireland remained part of the UK. Curiously you can still see the original Union Jack - minus the cross of St Patrick - flying on the headquarters of the Northern Lighthouse Board in Edinburgh. The organisation never saw any reason to change it after 1801. The charm of the Union Jack is that like the United Kingdom itself it represents a blend of nationalities. It is, to use the language of government campaigns, a symbol of inclusivity. As well as being incorporated into the flags of many former British colonies it also appears in the flag of Hawaii - remarkable because Hawaii was never part of the British empire, being an ind", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505508	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What play has the characters Lady Bracknell, Miss Prism and Doctor Chasuble?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "the importance of being earnest.pdf the importance of being earnest.pdf You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 5 to 27 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 32 to 83 are not shown in this preview. This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? CANCEL We've moved you to where you read on your other device. Get the full title to continue Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. Restart preview", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505509	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Second English Civil War effectively ended on 28 August 1648 with the Royalist surrender of which town to Sir Thomas Fairfax?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Sir Thomas Fairfax - English Civil War - New Model Army By Kennedy Hickman Sir Thomas Fairfax - Early Life & Career: Born at Denton Hall, Yorkshire on January 17, 1612, Thomas Fairfax was the eldest son of Ferdinando, 2nd Lord Fairfax and Mary Sheffield. Receiving his education at St. John's College, Cambridge, he also studied law at Gray's Inn between 1626 and 1628. Finishing his schooling, Fairfax elected to gain military experience by taking part in Sir Horace de Vere's expedition to Brabant in the Netherlands. Fighting with the Protestants, he saw action during the Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch. Utilizing his connection to de Vere, Fairfax married his commander's daughter, Anne, in June 1637. Eager to continue his military pursuits, he led a troop of Yorkshire dragoons north as part of King Charles I's army in 1639. In this role, Fairfax took part in the First Bishops' War which ended before any major fighting occurred. Returning north in 1640, Fairfax marched with Royalist forces during the Second Bishops' War. Engaging a Scottish Covenanter army led by General Alexander Leslie, the English were badly defeated at the Battle of Newburn on August 28. Routed, Fairfax's men were among those who fled south. Despite this setback, Charles knighted him in January 1641 in recognition of his services during the campaigns. Over the next year, Fairfax and his father distanced themselves from Charles as they became angered by his use of royal prerogative. As the relationship between Charles and Parliament soured in 1642, the Fairfaxes, unlike many of the Yorkshire nobility, elected to oppose the king. On June 3, Charles summoned the gentry of Yorkshire to Heworth Mew and attempted to raise a force of personal guards with the intention of using it as the basis for a larger army. Sir Thomas Fairfax - The Civil War Begins: At Heworth, Lord Fairfax was asked by Parliament to present a proclamation to Charles calling for reconciliation. Evading Fairfax's efforts, Charles finally took possession of the document when the younger Fairfax effectively forced it upon him. Moving south to Nottingham in August, Charles raised his battle standard on the 22nd and opened the English Civil War . In the north, Lord Fairfax received command of Parliament's small Northern Association army with his son as second-in-command. While the Fairfaxes commenced operations in the north, Charles pushed south and engaged the Earl of Essex at the inconclusive Battle of Edgehill on October 23. The following March saw Sir Thomas Fairfax badly beaten by Lord George Goring at the Battle of Seacroft Moor in West Yorkshire. Seeking to take Royalist prisoners that could be exchanged for the men lost at Seacroft Moor, Fairfax mounted a raid on Wakefield on May 20. Attacking the town, his men carried the defenses in heavy fighting and captured an ill Goring. Sent south, Goring was held at the Tower of London until 1644. Sir Thomas Fairfax - A Rising Star: In an effort to regain the initiative for the Royalist cause, the Earl of Newcastle marched to attack the Fairfaxes at Bradford the following month. Though badly outnumbered, the Fairfaxes were not prepared to withstand a siege and marched out to battle Newcastle. Striking at Adwalton Moor on June 30, their initial attacks were successful but they were eventually overwhelmed by the Royalists. Forced to retreat, they effectively ceded all of Yorkshire to the Royalists except for the port of Hull and Bradford. Realizing that Bradford could not be held, Lord Fairfax directed his remaining forces to move to Hull. During the course of the retreat, Lady Anne Fairfax was captured and Sir Thomas wounded in the wrist. Fortifying Hull, the Fairfaxes were besieged by Newcastle that September. While Newcastle attempted to reduce the city, Charles was defeated by Essex at the First Battle of Newbury to the south. Resupplied by sea, the defenders of Hull continued to hold out against Newcastle. On September 26, the younger Fairfax ferried his cavalry and dragoons across the River Humber and moved to unite with the Eastern Association ar", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505510	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which European country is the Briksdal Glacier?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Briksdal Glacier, Norway Briksdal Glacier, Norway Snow, ice, cold water and thousands of years brought the largest glacier on the European mainland - Jostedal Glacier into the world. People from different countries and cities come to see the most accessible arm of the glacier called Briksdal Glacier which is a majestic example of what our nature is capable of creating. Briksdal is set attractively between roaring waterfalls and high peaks in Jostedalsbreen National Park. The park itself is considered to be one the most frequently visited tourist attractions in Norway, encompassing one of the largest wilderness areas in the southern part of the country. Gushing streams, rivers and waterfalls cascading down steep mountain sides or deep down in the valleys are the things you don’t want to miss out on! You are here", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505511	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who famously wore a pink Chanel suit and a pillbox hat?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The secrets of Jackie’s iconic pink Chanel suit \| New York Post The secrets of Jackie’s iconic pink Chanel suit Comment(required) November 15, 2013 \| 9:11pm President John F. Kennedy and first lady Jacqueline Kennedy leave St. Stephen's Church in DC following morning mass on November 12, 1961. Bettmann/CORBIS Jacqueline Kennedy (center) with the Maharajah and Maharani of Jaipur at the White House on October 24, 1962. Courtesy of Kennedy Library Archives/Newsmakers Jacqueline Kennedy waves at the camera while visiting with her sister, Princess Lee Radziwill (right) in London on March 27, 1962. Bettmann/CORBIS Architect John Carl Warnecke explains a model of Lafayette Square to Jacqueline Kennedy on September 26, 1962. Bettmann/Corbis President John F. Kennedy and his wife Jacqueline arrive at Love Field in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. EPA Kennedy and Jacqueline greet the crowd. Art Rickerby/Getty Images Kennedy and Jacqueline greet the crowd. Art Rickerby/Getty Images Kennedy and Jacqueline make their way through the airport at Love Field. Art Rickerby/Getty Images JFK and first lady Jacqueline leave Love Field. AP VP Lyndon B. Johnson (from left), Jacqueline Kennedy and President John F. Kennedy have breakfast in Fort Worth, Texas on November 22, 1963. CORBIS Women model suits designed by Chanel, which many believe inspired Jackie Kennedy's iconic pink suit. Paul Schutzer/Getty Images President John F. Kennedy and wife Jacqueline leave the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce breakfast. EPA Jacqueline Kennedy rides alongside her husband in Dallas, Texas before he was assassinated. Bettmann/CORBIS Jacqueline Kennedy wears her bloodstained suit as she stands with brother-in-law Robert Kennedy as the body of President John F. Kennedy is placed in an ambulance. AP Jacqueline Kennedy bears witness as Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as the 36th President of the United States. Keystone/Getty Images Coach Mike Woodson and Iman Shumpert barked at each other... 15 Jackie Kennedy's iconic pink suit November 15, 2013 Inside Zapruder family's complicated history with JFK film Talking about the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, who had been riding ahead of the first couple in the fateful 1963 motorcade, recalled her most heart-rending memory of that day. The recollection is seared into the minds of generations of Americans who were not in Dallas five decades ago on Nov. 22, but, after watching the vivid color film footage of the shooting, felt as if they had been among the horrified bystanders in Dealey Plaza. “I [looked] over my shoulder and saw, in the president’s car, a bundle of pink, just like a drift of blossoms, lying on the back seat,” Lady Bird Johnson said at the time. President John F. Kennedy and Mrs. Kennedy disembark from Air Force One at Love Field, Dallas.EPA/Cecil Stoughton That “drift of blossoms” was, of course, the diminutive figure of Jacqueline Kennedy — Jack’s 34-year-old wife, crouching for cover in the strawberry-colored Chanel suit, which became an emblem of the tragedy. “The outfit is a terrible talisman of American history and heartbreak,” says New York-based fashion expert Pamela Keogh, who writes about the iconic wool bouclé two-piece in her book “Jackie Style.” “But despite symbolizing a very sorrowful moment in our nation’s past, it also shows Jackie’s courage.” The grief-stricken First Lady famously insisted on wearing the blood-spattered suit during the swearing in of Lyndon B. Johnson aboard Air Force One before the flight back to Washington, DC. “Let them see what they have done,” she repeatedly said when asked if she wanted to change. Writing in her diary about the hastily arranged inauguration ceremony, Lady Bird Johnson noted: “Mrs. Kennedy’s dress was stained with blood. Women model suits designed by Chanel, which many believe inspired Jackie Kennedy’s iconic pink suit.Paul Schutzer//Time Life Pictures/Getty Images “Somehow that was one of the most poignant sights — that immaculate woman exquisitely dressed, and caked in blood.” Photographs of Jackie being met at Andrews Air Fo", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505512	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What name is given to a triangle in which two sides are equal in length?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Triangles - Equilateral, Isosceles and Scalene Triangles A triangle has three sides and three angles The three angles always add to 180° Equilateral, Isosceles and Scalene There are three special names given to triangles that tell how many sides (or angles) are equal. There can be 3, 2 or no equal sides/angles: Equilateral Triangle Three equal angles, always 60° Isosceles Triangle Triangles can also have names that tell you what type of angle is inside: Acute Triangle All angles are less than 90° Right Triangle Has a right angle (90°) Obtuse Triangle Has an angle more than 90° Combining the Names Sometimes a triangle will have two names, for example: Right Isosceles Triangle Has a right angle (90°), and also two equal angles Can you guess what the equal angles are? Play With It ... Try dragging the points around and make different triangles: You might also like to play with the Interactive Triangle . Perimeter The perimeter is the distance around the edge of the triangle: just add up the three sides: Area The area is half of the base times height. \"b\" is the distance along the base \"h\" is the height (measured at right angles to the base) Area = ½ × b × h The formula works for all triangles. Note: a simpler way of writing the formula is bh/2 Example: What is the area of this triangle? (Note: 12 is the height, not the length of the left-hand side) Base = b = 20 Area = ½ × b × h = ½ × 20 × 12 = 120 The base can be any side, Just be sure the \"height\" is measured at right angles to the \"base\": (Note: You can also calculate the area from the lengths of all three sides using Heron's Formula .) Why is the Area \"Half of bh\"? Imagine you \"doubled\" the triangle (flip it around one of the upper edges) to make a square-like shape (a parallelogram ) which can be changed to a simple rectangle : THEN the whole area is bh, which is for both triangles, so just one is ½ × bh.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505513	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"The modern British period of history called \"\"The Winter of Discontent\"\" began when?\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1978-1979: Winter of discontent Home 1978-1979: Winter of discontent A short history of the of the widespread strike movement that occurred during the winter of 1978-1979 in Britain. The 'Winter of Discontent' marked the largest stoppage of labour since the 1926 General Strike . The factors that provoked the widespread stoppage of work by thousands of British workers in the winter of 1978-79 began with the Labour government of James Callaghan's attempt to enforce limits on pay rises to curb inflation. Inflation had reached a height of nearly 26.9% in August 1975. In the same year Harold Wilson's Labour government, wanting to avoid increasingly large levels of unemployment agreed a voluntary incomes policy with the TUC that would cap pay increases for workers at limits set by the government. The government announced a limit on wage rises of £6 per week for all workers earning under £8,500 a year on July 11 and the TUC general council soon voted in favour of the proposals. Further limits on pay increases were proposed by the government through 1976 and in July of 1977 it was announced that free collective bargaining between employers and unions would be slowly phased back in. Wishing to avoid a \"free-for-all\" rush for pay increases by the unions, the government allowed the return of collective bargaining to happen only with the agreement of the unions to continue with wage increase limits agreed in 1976 and a promise not to reopen any increase agreements made from previous policy, which the TUC agreed to. Inflation had more than halved by 1978, however, the government continued its policy and in July 1978 introduced a new limit of 5% on wage increases. Surprising the TUC , who had expected the pay limits to end, the 5% policy was overwhelmingly rejected by the general council and the immediate return to free collective bargaining was pushed for. An announcement was made by James Callaghan in September that an expected general election was not to be called, instead it was chosen to hold it the following year to allow the economy to stabilise. The spark that began the wave of industrial action that was to hit the UK in the following months was lit by the workers at Ford Motors. In September a pay increase was set by the company within the allotted 5% designated by the government and was wholeheartedly rejected by the workers. A strike began when 15,000 Ford workers walked off the job on September 22 and by September 26 had been joined by 57,000 others, leaving 23 Ford factories up and down the country empty. Still an 'unofficial' strike by early October, the Transport and General Workers Union (TGWU) , fearing the level of rank and file control over the day to day running of the strike, decided to support it on October 5. The workers' demands of a 25% pay increase and 35 hour week were made official and negotiations with Ford commenced. After several weeks the TGWU agreed on a 17% pay increase, the idea of a shortening of hours having been completely dropped, and urged the strikers to return to work on November 22, which they did. When it became obvious in mid-November that Ford was going to offer a pay deal over the 5% limit, government- TUC negotiations commenced in order to be able to work out a concrete agreement on pay policy in an attempt to halt further strikes. A weak policy was worked out, but the vote became deadlocked at the TUC general council and was rejected. The government attempted to impose sanctions on Ford for breach of the pay policy soon after the deal had been struck with the union. Callaghan narrowly won a motion of confidence after the sanctions had been heavily amended in Parliament and accepted that they could not be imposed. This effectively made the government powerless to enforce the 5% limit of pay increase, leaving the door open for more strikes in private industry and later in the public sector. Next to take action were the lorry drivers. Following the initiative of BP and Esso tanker drivers who had begun to refuse to work overtime in support of a 40% pay increase, all TGWU drivers struck on", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505514	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Olmec and Mayan are two of the earliest recorded civilisations of which modern-day country?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Olmec Civilization Olmec Civilization 1200 BC- 600 AD The Olmecs were a culture of ancient peoples of the East Mexico lowlands. They are often regarded as the Mother Culture of later Middle American civilizations. The Olmec people called themselves Xi (pronounced Shi). Portrait of a man. This life-sized greenstone head was found at Tenango del Valle, Mexico State, surprisingly a distance west from the Olmec heartland of Veracruz and Tabasco. GEOGRAPHY The Olmec domain extended from the Tuxtlas mountains in the west to the lowlands of the Chontalpa in the east, a region with significant variations in geology and ecology. Over 170 Olmec monuments have been found within the area, and eighty percent of those occur at the three largest Olmec centers, La Venta, Tabasco (38%), San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan, Veracruz (30%), and Laguna de los Cerros, Veracruz (12%). Those three major Olmec centers are spaced from east to west across the domain so that each center could exploit, control, and provide a distinct set of natural resources valuable to the overall Olmec economy. La Venta, the eastern center, is near the rich estuaries of the coast, and also could have provided cacao, rubber, and salt. San Lorenzo, at the center of the Olmec domain, controlled the vast flood plain area of Coatzacoalcos basin and riverline trade routes. Laguna de los Cerros, adjacent to the Tuxtlas mountains, is positioned near important sources of basalt, a stone needed to manufacture manos, metates, and monuments. Perhaps marriage alliances between Olmec centers helped maintain such an exchange network. CALENDARS - MATHEMATICS The Olmecs were clever mathematicians and astronomers who made accurate calendars. The epi-Olmec - from 31B.C. - the peoples who subsequently inhabited the same lands and were probably descended at least in part from the Olmec, seem to have been the earliest users of the bar and dot system of recording time. Detail of Long Count Date The low relief on this stone shows the detail from a four-digit numerical recording, read as 15.6.16.18. The vigesimal (or base-20) counting system has been used across Mesoamerica. A value of 5 is represented by a bar, and a value of 1 is represented by a dot, such that the three bars and single dot here stands for 16. The Maya would later adopt this counting system for their Long Count calendar. The date in this relief is the oldest recorded date in Mesoamerica, corresponding to a day in the year 31 B.C. WRITING The Olmec writing is unique. Both the Olmec and epi-Olmec had hieroglyphic writing systems. Olmec is a syllabic writing system used in the Olmec heartland from 900 BC- AD 450. The Olmec had both a syllabic and hieroglyphic script. The hieroglyphic signs were simply Olmec syllabic signs used to make pictures. There are two forms of Olmec hieroglyphic writing : the pure hieroglyphics ( or picture signs); and the phonetic hieroglyphics, which are a combination of syllabic and logographic signs. The decipherment of the Olmec writing of ancient Mexico provides us with keen insight into the world of the Olmec. Scholars have long recognized that the Olmecs engraved many sysmbols or signs on pottery, statuettes, batons/scepters, stelas and bas reliefs that have been recognized as a possible form of writing. SOCIETY Many early scholars were reluctant to believe that a society as sophisticated as the Olmec could have developed in the tropical habitat of the Gulf coast, and some hypothesized that the Olmec had originally migrated from elsewhere. However, recent excavations have provided valuable new information on the antiquity of those sites, and on Olmec ways of life at those centers. Their radiocarbon dates inform us that La Venta and San Lorenzo were inhabited as early as 1700 B.C., by peoples who were the direct ancestors to the Gulf coast. They were corn farmers who supplemented their diets with fishing and hunting. Linguists suggest that they spoke a language related to the Mixe and Zoque languages of today. OLMEC CENTERS The great Olmec centers that", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505515	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of Mrs Pumphrey’s dog in the television series ‘All Creatures Great and Small’?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "James Herriot's Animal Stories by James Herriot — Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists Shelves: books-i-own , animals , 2012-bookshelf , non-fiction , books-darren-bought-me This was the third book that I read for my read-a-thon last weekend in the Goodreads group You'll love this one...!! A book club & more and it was by far my favourite read of the read-a-thon. Last year around this time I read my first James Herriot book and I've loved his writing ever since. In this short book James Herriot told some old stories as well as some new ones. I really enjoyed reading the stories I've already read about some of the animals Tricki Woo in particular I think that sto This was the third book that I read for my read-a-thon last weekend in the Goodreads group You'll love this one...!! A book club & more and it was by far my favourite read of the read-a-thon. Last year around this time I read my first James Herriot book and I've loved his writing ever since. In this short book James Herriot told some old stories as well as some new ones. I really enjoyed reading the stories I've already read about some of the animals Tricki Woo in particular I think that story is probably one of my favourites of his because it's such a cute story.As for the new stories, it was nice to be introduced to new animals because I think each of the different stories about his 4-legged patients is like a little gift. As always James Herriot's writing was a delight. Every time I pick up one of his books I know I will be entertained. His stories about his experiences as a Yorkshire vet are wonderfully heartwarming and charming and they are definitely books I will always turn too when I need a good old fashioned comfort read. I would recommend this book to everyone young or old. I think that this book would be a great read aloud book that both the reader and audience but most of all I think all animal lovers should give James Herriot's books a try because they'll make you appreciate your pets just a wee bit more. Plus this book and all the others I've read by him are quick reads and in my opinion are meant to be read on a day where snuggling up with a good book, a hot beverage and your pets is the only thing you want to do. I can't wait to read my next James Herriot book. Hopefully I can get to one before Christmas which by the way his books would make the perfect Christmas gift for! ...more Shelves: tear-jerkers , classics This review is for all the Harriot books I read. I first read All Creatures Great and Small in high school. I was intimidated at first because well, it starts out with the birth of a calf. I didn't know if I could continue on (He goes into a lot of detail about that birth!) I finished it, and got an A on the quiz for the book. Then, I decided to read more of his series, because they were just so comical and well written. Unfortunately, I couldn't read those for a grade... just entertainment. I'v This review is for all the Harriot books I read. I first read All Creatures Great and Small in high school. I was intimidated at first because well, it starts out with the birth of a calf. I didn't know if I could continue on (He goes into a lot of detail about that birth!) I finished it, and got an A on the quiz for the book. Then, I decided to read more of his series, because they were just so comical and well written. Unfortunately, I couldn't read those for a grade... just entertainment. I've read some of these stories to my children when they were young. They fell in love with the animals as well. I highly recommend this book, and all the other Harriot books for everyone. ...more Aug 17, 2014 Kalen rated it really liked it I received this book on Christmas 2000 but I don't think I ever read it. I had read other James Herriot books but I don't remember any of these stories. Herriot has a way of writing which makes inserting his hand into the birth canal of an animal to extract her offspring sound pleasant and almost whimsically romantic. He does a wonderful job at painting a screen an landscape where you can truly envision the surroundings wh", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505516	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the French national flag adopted during during the French Revolution, consisting of three equal vertical bands of red, white and blue?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tricolor \| Define Tricolor at Dictionary.com tricolor [trahy-kuhl-er; especially British trik-uh-ler] /ˈtraɪˌkʌl ər; especially British ˈtrɪk ə lər/ Spell Also, tricolored; especially British, tricoloured. having three colors. noun a flag having three colors. 3. the national flag of France, adopted during the French Revolution, consisting of vertical bands of blue, white, and red. Expand 1780-90; < Late Latin tricolor, equivalent to tri- tri- + -color colored; see color Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for tricolor Expand Contemporary Examples Thom Browne, known for his tricolor stripes and short-suits, will soon launch a diffusion collection called Thom Grey. Mary-Kate Olsen Moves In; 20,000 Pairs of Fake Louboutins Seized The Daily Beast August 16, 2012 Historical Examples So again the tricolor rose above the parapet, the evening breeze caressed it, the last rays of the setting Sun saluted it! Word Origin and History for tricolor Expand n. 1798, \"flag having three colors,\" especially the emblem of France adopted during the Revolution, from French tricolore, in drapeau tricolore \"three-colored flag.\" The arrangement of colors on the modern French national flag dates from 1794. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505517	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Batting, Cornerstones, Sashing and Layer Cake are all terms used in which handicraft?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Glossary of Terms - Quilting Tutorial from ConnectingThreads.com Glossary of Terms Share on a Blog or other Website: (highlight and right click the above link, then copy and paste it onto your blog or website) Glossary 5” square of fabric, usually sold in packs that include one of every fabric in a collection, or a group of coordinating fabrics. Collection A group of fabrics designed to work together Custom Cuts Fabric that is not pre-cut, instead it is cut to your preferences. At Connecting Threads, we cut any length in quarter yard increments, including fat quarters. Fat Eighth Half of a Fat Quarter, usually 18” x 11” Fat Quarter One quarter yard of fabric, but cut to be more usable for quilters – measures approx 22” x 18”. Fat quarters are cut by starting with one half yard, cutting it in half. 10” square of fabric, usually sold in packs that include one of every fabric in a collection, or a group of coordinating fabrics. Linear Refers to the way the fabric is cut from a bolt. A linear cut is the width of fabric x the measurement. For example, a ¼ yard linear cut is 9” x width of fabric Pre-cuts A pre-measured cut of fabric, such as a Fat Quarter or Charm sampler, usually sold in packs that include one of every fabric in a collection, or a group of coordinating fabrics. Generally, every fabric in a pre-cut pack is the same cut. Strips of fabric that measure 2 ½” x width of fabric, usually sold in packs that include one of every fabric in a collection, or a group of coordinating fabrics. Also known as Jelly Rolls. Backing The back layer of a quilt that covers the middle batting section. Also see Quilt Sandwich. A backing could be a single piece of fabric, or pieced into a unique design. Basting The middle layer of a Quilt Sandwich, intended to provide warmth to the finished quilt. Can be made from cotton, wool, polyester, bamboo, silk, or a blend of any of these. Bias The diagonal of fabric is known as bias. Strips cut from the bias of fabric are extremely stretchy with plenty of “give.” Excellent for appliquéd stems, binding, etc. Binding The finishing touch on a quilt. After a quilt is quilted, a narrow piece of fabric is sewn all around the perimeter of the quilt, covering all raw edges and providing a protective layer at the edge. Binding can be made from bias, cross grain or straight of grain fabric. It can be one fabric, or many fabrics pieced together, end to end. It traditionally is double folded to provide extra strength around the edge, where a quilt often gets more wear and tear. Blanket Stitch Embroidery stitch done by hand or by machine that works well to finish an appliquéd edge. Also known as Buttonhole Stitch. Block One component of a quilt top, often the key focal of the design. A block is often a pieced design in a square or rectangle shape. Border The outer segment of a quilt top. A border is not required for a quilt, but is often used to frame the blocks and increase the size. Buttonhole Stitch Embroidery stitch done by hand or by machine that works well to finish an appliquéd edge. Also known as Blanket Stitch. Chain Piecing A time saving piecing technique where block components are sewn on to their blocks at the same time without cutting the threads. See our tutorial for Beginner Log Cabin blocks . Cornerstones Generally a small square piece of fabric used at the corner of blocks or sashing sections of a quilt top Cross grain Fabric as measured from selvage to selvage. Cross grain fabric has more natural stretch or “give” than straight of grain. A space to hang your or segments and preview the design before piecing them together. Can be as simple as a piece of flannel or batting tacked to a wall, or fancier purchased walls are available. Embellishment The addition of trims, buttons, thread, etc to the surface of a finished block, quilt or project. Could also be embroidery or", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505518	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which village lies to the north of Esthwaite Water, William Wordsworth was educated at the grammar school there?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hawkshead Grammar School. Links Hawkshead Grammar School William Wordsworth and his brother Richard were educated, after the death of their mother in 1778, at Hawkshead Grammar School. The school was founded in 1585, by a local man, Edwin Sandys (1519-1588), who was born in 1519 at nearby Esthwaite Hall. He endowed the school with sufficient land and property for it to offer a free education. Later Archbishop of York, Sandys spent time in prison, early in the reign of Queen Mary I, for his support of Lady Jane Grey. The building features unusual chimneys which resemble upturned tubs and a characterful old sundial mounted on the wall above the door. Inside can be seen the original desks, one of which can still be seen carved with the inscription of the poet. Wordsworth lodged at Ann Tyson's house in the village while attending the school. Other notable scholars at Hawkshead Grammar School School included Dr Christopher Wordsworth, Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, the poet's brother, Dr Joshua King, President of Queens' College, Cambridge; Lord Brougham, Lord Chancellor of England and Edward Baines, politician and newspaper proprietor. A large portion of the young Wordsworth's education at Hawkshead was based on mathematics. The rest of the curriculum was based on teaching the classics, and it was during his classical studies that Wordsworth gained a love for Latin literature. There is also an exhibition room, which houses a unique collection of historic artifacts relating to the school, some of which date back to the sixteenth century there is also a library.", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505519	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Marie Curie named which element in homage to her homeland?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Marie Curie - Biography, Facts and Pictures Blog Marie Curie Marie Curie discovered two new chemical elements – radium and polonium. She carried out the first research into the treatment of tumors with radiation, and she was the founder of the Curie Institutes, which are important medical research centers. She is the only person who has ever won Nobel Prizes in both physics and chemistry. Advertisements Marie Curie’s Early Life and Education Maria Salomea Sklodowska was born in Warsaw, Poland on November 7, 1867. At that time, Warsaw lay within the borders of the Russian Empire. Maria’s family wanted Poland to be an independent country. We shall refer to Maria as Marie Curie – her name after marriage – because that is how she is best known. Marie Curie’s mother and father – Bronislawa and Wladyslaw – were both teachers and encouraged her interest in science. When Marie was aged 10, her mother died and she started attending a boarding school. She then moved to a gymnasium – a selective school for children who were strong academically. Aged 15, Marie graduated from her high school with a gold medal as top student and a burning interest in science. Problems Two obstacles now stood in Marie’s way: her father had too little money to support her ambition to go to university higher education was not available for girls in Poland Marie’s sister Bronya faced exactly the same problems. Two Polish Girls in Paris (Eventually) Marie Curie, aged 16. To overcome the obstacles they faced, Marie agreed to work as a tutor and children’s governess to support Bronya financially. This allowed Bronya to go to France and study medicine in Paris. And so, for the next few years of her life, Marie worked to earn money for herself and Bronya. In the evenings, if she had time, she read chemistry, physics and mathematics textbooks. She also attended lectures and laboratory practicals at an illegal free “university” where Poles learned about Polish culture and practical science, both of which had been suppressed by the Russian Tsarist authorities. In November 1891, aged 24, Marie followed Bronya to Paris. There she studied chemistry, mathematics and physics at the Sorbonne, Paris’s most prestigious university. The course was, of course, taught in French, which Marie had to reach top speed in very quickly. At first she shared an apartment with Bronya and Bronya’s husband, but the apartment lay an hour away from the university. Marie decided to rent a room in the Latin Quarter, closer to the Sorbonne. This was a time of some hardship for the young scientist; winters in her unheated apartment chilled her to the bone. Top Student Again In summer 1893, aged 26, Marie finished as top student in her masters physics degree course. She was then awarded industrial funding to investigate how the composition of steel affected its magnetic properties. The idea was to find ways of making stronger magnets. Her thirst for knowledge also pushed her to continue with her education, and she completed a masters degree in chemistry in 1894, aged 27. Homesick For a long time, Marie had been homesick. She dearly wished to return to live in Poland. After working in Paris on steel magnets for a year, she vacationed in Poland, hoping to find work. She found out that there were no jobs for her. A few years earlier she had been unable to study for a degree in her homeland because she was a woman. Now, for the same reason, she found she could not get a position at a university. Back to Paris and Pierre Marie decided to return to Paris and begin a Ph.D. degree in physics. Back in Paris, in the year 1895, aged 28, she married Pierre Curie. Pierre had proposed to her before her journey back to Poland. Aged 36, he had only recently completed a Ph.D. in physics himself and had become a professor. He had written his Ph.D. thesis after years of delay, because Marie had encouraged him to. Pierre was already a highly respected industrial scientist and inventor who, at the age of 21, had discovered piezoelectricity with his brother Jacques. Pierre was also an expert in magnetism: he discov", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505520	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who is the patron saint of Portugal?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Saint of the Day for April 23 (c. 280 – April 23, 303) Saint George’s Story Saint George is the object of a vast amount of imagination. There is every reason to believe that he was a real martyr who suffered at Lydda in Palestine, probably before the time of Constantine. The Church adheres to his memory, but not to the legends surrounding his life. That he was willing to pay the supreme price to follow Christ is what the Church believes. And it is enough. The story of George’s slaying the dragon, rescuing the king’s daughter and converting Libya is a 12th-century Italian fable. George was a favorite patron saint of crusaders, as well as of Eastern soldiers in earlier times. He is a patron saint of England, Portugal, Germany, Aragon, Catalonia, Genoa and Venice. Reflection Human nature seems to crave more than cold historical data. Americans have Washington and Lincoln, but we somehow need Paul Bunyan, too. The life of Saint Francis of Assisi is inspiring enough, but for centuries the Italians have found his spirit in the legends of the Fioretti, too. Santa Claus is the popular extension of the spirit of Saint Nicholas. The legends about Saint George are part of this yearning. Both fact and legend are human ways of illumining the mysterious truth about the One who alone is holy. Saint George is the Patron Saint of: Boy Scouts", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505521	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which TV personality has written the best-selling autobiography 'Camp David'?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Camp David: Amazon.co.uk: David Walliams: 9780718158613: Books David Walliams By Anne Laf on 12 Oct. 2012 Format: Hardcover Pretty impressed that I've managed to finish a book the day after it was published! But that's down to the fact that it's great. Loved the descriptions of him at school, joining the sea-scouts because it sounded camp, and of his first attempts at stand up in the comic relief assembly at school. But it was also fascinating to see the darker sides of his life. I've always known he's struggled with depression but I had no idea about the depths of it, and how close he came to ending his own life. He's such a fascinating guy, and it was a pleasure to enter into his poetic mind. It really is a sign that I read it so quickly! I never do that!", "role": "assistant" } ]
trivia_qa_1505522	[ { "content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which is the national flower of Mexico?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Mexico National Flower - Facts about Dahlia pinnata Buy From OurStores Mexico National Flower Dahlia pinnata is the national flower of Mexico. Dahlias originated from the mountainous regions of Mexico and Central America and Colombia. Dahlia pinnata is a genus of bushy, summer and autumn flowering plant. Dahlia pinnata flowers are species having tuberous roots and showy rayed variously colored flower heads. Kingdom from our stores - Pickupflowers - the flower expert Facts about Dahlia pinnata Dahlia pinnata is a tuberous perennial, growing to 1 m tall. The Dahlia pinnata flower petals are used in salads. The Dahlia pinnata flowers are hermaphrodites and are pollinated by insects. The first modern dahlia hybrids are the result of crossing between Dahlia coccinea and possibly Dahlia pinnata. Dahlia pinnata is used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species. Growing Dahlia pinnata They can be grown by seeds and tubers. Dahlia pinnata requires a deep rich soil and a sunny position. Plant tubers flat with the eye pointed up. Plant 3-6 inches deep and 18-24 inches apart. During planting, bone meal or a low nitrogen fertilizer can be added. Do not water the tubers at planting time. The shoots take 2-4 weeks to emerge. When the plant has 4 sets of leaves, cut or pinch the center shoot, which produces shorter, bushier plants with more flowers. Removal of old blossoms promotes more blooms and keeps the plant growing vigorously. Caring Dahlia pinnata Slugs and snails can be a major problem, for which slug bait is recommended. To avoid damaging the tubers, stake before or at planting. Over watering early in the season can rot the tubers. Too much nitrogen fertilizer can cause excessive vegetative growth and fewer blooms. Facts About Mexico The official name of Mexico is Estados Unidos Mexicanos which is translated as The United Mexican States. Mexico city is the capital city of Mexico. Mexican flag was adopted on 16 September 1968. Total land area of Mexico is 1,972,550 sq km. Mexican Climate is Tropical to desert type. Mexico got its independence from Spain on 16 September 1810. Mexican government is federal republic. Mexico is bordered by the United States of America to the north, Belize and Guatamala to the south, and is bounded on two sides by the Gulf of Mexico to the east and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Mexico is the world's greatest producer of silver. Over 70% of its revenue comes from exporting petroleum to the USA. The important industries include, food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism. The National Autonomous University of Mexico, founded in 1551 is the most important and largest university in Mexico. Mexican natural resources are Petroleum, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber. Agriculture products include: Corn, beans, oilseeds, feed grains, fruit, cotton, coffee, sugarcane, winter vegetables. Cancun, one of the most visited cosmopolitan cities in the world; Cozumel, the scuba diving Mecca; Mujeres Island, the island of dreams; Playa del Carmen, the biggest city of the Mayan riverside; Chetumal, a modern coastal city, capital of Quintana Roo State; Campeche, Valladolid and Villahermosa, colonial cities par excellence, Merida, the oldest city in the Yucatan State; Progreso y Veracruz, important cities with archaeological sites are the popular places in Mexico. Subscribe Get 10% off on pickupflowers.com explore", "role": "assistant" } ]

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