id
stringlengths 8
27
| messages
listlengths 2
2
|
|---|---|
trivia_qa_1505223
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the name of the Yorkshire pub featured in the 1981 movie An American Werewolf in London?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Film locations for An American Werewolf in London (1981) Surrey: Drink at: The Black Swan , Old Lane, Martyr's Green (tel: 01932 862364) (rail: Effingham Junction from London Waterloo or London Blackfriars) Trivia The dull and belated sequel, An American Werewolf in Paris, was filmed largely in Luxembourg. An American Werewolf in London location: David Kessler goes through changes in the flat of nurse Alex Price: 64 Coleherne Road, Earl's Court, London SW10 Unsurprisingly, the locations for John Landis ’ horror-comedy can be found mainly around London , with a brief detour into Wales , standing in for ‘Yorkshire’. An American Werewolf in London location: arriving in the village: Crickadarn, near Builth Wells, Wales Photograph: Kevin Thomas A pub full of character actors rhubarbing away on the 'Yorkshire Moors' can only mean bad news for two American backpackers. The moors were filmed around the Black Mountains in Wales , and 'East Proctor' is in reality the tiny village of Crickadarn, about six miles southeast of Builth Wells off the A479. The ‘Angel of Death’ statue was a prop added for the film, but the red phone box is real enough – though Welsh the road signs were covered by a fake tree. An American Werewolf in London location: the exterior of the ‘Slaughtered Lamb’: Crickadarn, near Builth Wells, Wales Photograph: Kevin Thomas If you want to join the locals here for a pint at 'The Slaughtered Lamb', you’ll have quite a journey. Although the exterior was an empty (now restored – so please do not disturb the residents) cottage dressed up for the movie. An American Werewolf in London location: the phonebox and village church at ‘East Proctor’: Crickadarn, near Builth Wells, Wales Photograph: Kevin Thomas The interior of ‘The Slaughtered Lamb’ is in Surrey . It’s The Black Swan , Old Lane at the junction with Ockham Lane, Martyr’s Green, about a mile northwest of Effingham Junction between Guildford and Leatherhead. The photogenic pub, also featured in TV’s Inspector Morse, but has been given a radical makeover since the Eighties. An American Werewolf in London location: ‘The Slaughtered Lamb’ interior – no pentagram: The Black Swan, Martyr's Green, Surrey It’s now a smart restaurant-pub and you’ll need to use a little imagination to recognise it as the old-world inn where Lila Kaye tended bar, a young Rik Mayall played chess and Brian Glover held court. The wall which bore the pentagram was a false addition for the film (it’s actually the doorway to what is now the main dining room) and the bench seats are gone, but the layout remains the same. Oh, and there’s no longer a dartboard. An American Werewolf in London location: ‘The Slaughtered Lamb’ interior – no dartboard: The Black Swan, Martyr's Green, Surrey The hospital in which David Kessler ( David Naughton ) recovers from a nasty wolf bite was the Princess Beatrice Maternity Hospital on Finborough Road at Lillie Road in Earl’s Court, London SW5. The building is still there, and is now a hostel for the homeless. A block east, around the corner at 64 Coleherne Road, SW10, you can see the flat of nurse Alex Price ( Jenny Agutter ), where David does some shape-shifting to Bad Moon Rising (tube: Earl’s Court). Unusually, the tube station, where the city gent gets chomped, was filmed, during the wee small hours, at Tottenham Court Road Station (London Transport’s all-purpose location, the closed Aldwych Station in the Strand, is almost invariably used for filming). An American Werewolf in London location: mayhem in central London: Piccadilly Circus The undead victims pop up in a studio recreation of the old Eros News Cinema (now a branch of GAP clothes store, more recently featured in Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows Part 1 ) on the corner of Shaftesbury Avenue in Piccadilly Circus. You can see the cinema in its heyday in 1949 when the kids go to see the Siege of Burgundy in classic Ealing comedy Passport To Pimlico . And once again John Landis demonstrates his talent for staging major set-pieces in impossible locations by setting the climactic mayhem smack in the m",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505224
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Cambridge college did Prince Charles attend",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Education Education The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Prince Harry Residences Education On 10th May 1955, Buckingham Palace announced that The Prince would go to school, rather than have a private tutor as had previous Heirs to The Throne. The Prince, who had received private tuition in the Palace nursery for 18 months from his governess Catherine Peebles, attended Hill House School in West London full time from 28th January 1957. On 14th August 1957, Buckingham Palace announced that The Prince would attend Cheam, the preparatory school at Headley, near Newbury, Berks, which had been attended by his father from 1930 to 1933. The Prince began his first term on 23rd September 1957. The school days began at 7.15am with the rising bell, prayers were at 7.45, breakfast was at 8 and lessons began at 9. After a 6pm high tea, bedtime for the younger boys was 6.45pm. During five years at Cheam, The Prince played cricket for the First Eleven, joined in school games of football and rugby, and took part in amateur dramatics. He was appointed head boy in his final year. The Prince had started his time at Cheam as the eight-year-old Duke of Cornwall. He left on 1st April 1962 as the 13-year-old Prince of Wales. Buckingham Palace announced on 23rd January 1962, that The Prince of Wales would attend Gordonstoun, the public school on the shores of the Moray Firth in Scotland. The Prince's father, The Duke of Edinburgh, had been among the first pupils when the school was opened in 1934 by Dr Kurt Hahn. Dr Hahn had developed a regime founded on belief in an egalitarian society, with firm principles of human conduct: the strong must be courteous to the weak, and service to others is more important than self-service. On 1st May 1962, The Prince was taken to Gordonstoun by The Duke of Edinburgh, who piloted a Heron of the Queen's Flight from Heathrow to RAF Lossiemouth before the final drive to the school. From February to July 1966, The Prince of Wales spent two terms at Timbertop, a remote annexe of Geelong Church of England Grammar School in Melbourne, Australia. While attending Timbertop, The Prince joined in a school trip to Papua New Guinea, led by his history tutor Michael Persse. After seeing examples of the folk art of the Papuan people, The Prince expressed concern in an essay that traditions there were being allowed to wither, a theme he took up later in his life. When The Prince returned to Gordonstoun for his final year, he was made school guardian, or Head Boy and, after years of communal living, was given his own study bedroom. In March 1967 he played the Pirate King in a school production of Gilbert and Sullivan's Pirates of Penzance. The Prince, the first Heir to The Throne to sit public examinations, took his GCE O Levels at the age of 16, passing English language, English literature, Latin, French and history - and later mathematics. He took his A Levels in July 1967, getting a B in history and a C in French, also gaining a distinction in an optional special paper in history. The Prince went on to university, rather than straight into the Armed Forces, and in Autumn 1967 he arrived at Trinity College, Cambridge. The Prince’s grandfather, King George VI, had studied history, economics and civics for a year at the same college, from October 1919. The Prince chose to take a first year course in archaeology and physical and social anthropology and arrived at Trinity College on 8th October 1967. In March and April 1968, The Prince of Wales spent time studying archaeological sites in France and taking part in excavations in Jersey. On 8th April 1968, it was announced that The Prince had decided to change from archaeology and anthropology to history from the next academic year starting in October. In his first examination at Cambridge, the results of which were published on 14th June 1968, The Prince was awarded a 2:1 in the first part of the archaeology and anthropology exams. In April 1969, The Prince of Wales left Cambridge to spend a term at the University College of Wales in Abe",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505225
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What nationality is tennis player Agnieszka Radwanska?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Agnieszka Radwanska | The official Website of the International Premier Tennis League | Players | IPTLWorld.com Poland Bio Agnieszka Radwanska is a Polish professional tennis player. She has won 14 singles career titles and 2 doubles career titles till date. Radwanska has won quite a few accolades – she is the first Polish woman in the Open Era to reach the finals at Wimbledon and also the first Polish woman to claim a singles title. She considers Pete Sampras and Martina Hingis as her tennis inspirations. Her younger sister, Urszula is also a tennis player, and they have also played together as a doubles’ pair. Radwanska likes to construct points by wearing out her opponents and also makes intelligent use of the court. She has based her game on variety, mobility and a tendency to anticipate her opponent’s next move. The primary weapons in her arsenal include a mixture of lobs and slices, along with her ability to hit shots at strange angles. This will be Agnieszka’s first time playing in the IPTL. She will represent the Indian Aces and hope to add another dimension to the team. Have You Collected Your SlamCards ?",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505226
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who featured on Melanie C's number one single Never Be The Same Again in 2000, and died in a car accident in 2002?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Official Charts Flashback 1999: TLC – No Scrubs 28 March 2014 Official Charts Flashback 1999: TLC – No Scrubs TLC’s biggest hit is 15 years old this week, but it was beaten to the top by a little yellow puppet – remember Flat Eric? Google + TLC’s biggest hit is 15 years old this week, but it was beaten to the top by a little yellow puppet – remember Flat Eric? We look back at a pretty solid Top 5 from 1999. Ever been in a bar and a club and had someone come up and pester you, even though you’ve made it clear such attention is very unwelcome? It happens all the time to us at Official Charts HQ – we’re all stunningly beautiful, you see – and when it does, our go-to song for sending these tryhards on their way is TLC’s No Scrubs. \"Oh yes, son, I'm talking to you.\" It’s 15 years this week since TLC’s anthem for anyone who’s sick of dating losers entered the Official Singles Chart at Number 7. It was the band’s third Top 10 hit, following 1995’s Waterfalls and 1996’s re-release of Creep and would go on to peak at Number 3, giving the band their highest chart position in the UK. TLC took their name from the trio of Tionne ‘T-Boz’ Watkins, Lisa ‘Left Eye’ Lopes and Rozonda ‘Chilli’ Thomas, three ladies who certainly didn’t take any nonsense. The band’s first Top 40 hit was 1992’s Ain’t 2 Proud 2 Beg, which peaked at Number 13. They would have to wait another two and a half years for Creep to bring them back to the Top 40. They’d have nine Top 40 hits in total, including four Top 10s, the last being 1999’s Unpretty (6). No Scrubs is the band’s biggest selling single, with a sales tally of over 618,000 copies. Waterfalls comes in second, shifting 333,000. Left Eye died in a car accident in 2002, which brought a premature end to TLC’s chart success. Although TLC never had a Number 1, Lisa Lopes topped the Official Singles Chart in 2000 with a featured rap on former Spice Girl Melanie C’s Never Be The Same Again. Arguably TLC’s most iconic song, No Scrubs has been covered by many popstars who know a killer track when they hear one. Check out Bastille doing the song acoustically before we have a look at the Top 5 this week back in 1999. 1: Mr Oizo – Flat Beat The tune that proved that puppets weren’t just for novelty records. Kind of. Although Flat Beat was actually by French DJ and producer Mr Oizo, it was really Flat Eric who was the main attraction. The star of a Levi’s jeans commercial, the cute yellow puppet with a sideline in chair-dancing helped this fairly minimal house track storm straight to the top of the Official Singles Chart this week in 1999. It was the tune that was absolutely everywhere, but Mr Oizo is a genuine one-hit wonder. Since his debut Number 1, he hasn’t troubled the charts at all. He did, however, sell over 700,000 copies of Flat Beat, so it’s not all bad news. 2: Cartoons – Witch Doctor From an über-cool puppet to in-your-face wannabe animations. Cartoons hailed from Denmark and were like a more extreme version of fellow Scandinavians, the equally bonkers Aqua. Witch Doctor, based on an old novelty song from the 1950s, was their debut hit and would go no further than runner-up position. One more Top 10 song awaited them – the even more frantic Doodah got to Number 7 in June 1999. Witch Doctor certainly cast the right spell: it’s sold 510,000 copies in the UK, over 4,000 of those just last year! 3: Billie – Honey To The Bee A fourth consecutive Top 3 for the lady now better known as Billie Piper, Honey To The Bee has had two shots at the Official Singles Chart. The first week all downloads counted toward the Official Singles Chart, Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyles campaigned for his listeners to download Billie’s fourth single. Billie had long since given up the singing for chasing around the universe on Doctor Who, but the track still managed to make it to Number 17. Billie had three Number 1s in total: Because We Want To – her bestselling single with 315,000 copies sold – and Girlfriend from 1998, and Day & Night from 2000 . Honey To The Bee has sold 210,000 copies in the UK. Sweet. 4: Britney Spears – …Baby One",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505227
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which sub species of brown bear is the largest member of the bear family?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Brown Bears | Nature | PBS CONNECT Brown Bears The brown bear is a large bear distributed across much of northern Eurasia and North America. Adult bears generally weigh between 100 and 635 kg (220 and 1,400 lb). Its largest subspecies, the Kodiak bear, rivals the polar bear as the largest member of the bear family and as the largest land-based predator. Source: Wikipedia.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505228
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What did Pope John XX1 use as effective eyewash?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "What did Pope John XX1 use as effective eyewash Babies Urine 36 - IT - 402 View Full Document What did Pope John XX1 use as effective eyewash Babies Urine 36 Rhodopsis original Egyptian Cinderella had what job Prostitute - bird stole her shoe 37 Whose attendance compulsory at priests banquets in Egypt Mummies – dead reminded short life 38 Siddhartha Gautama became better known as who Buddha 39 In ancient Greece young brides had to sacrifice what Their Dolls – show they were grown up 40 Caer-Lud was the former name of what capitol city London 41 4% of women never do what according to survey Wear Underwear 42 In superstition if you marry on Saturday you will have what No luck at all 43 What was the first million dollar seller paperback I the Jury – Mickey Spillane 44 Who founded Methodism in 1738 John Wesley 45 What was the ancient Egyptian cure for haemorrhoids Beer - lots of beer 46 Middle ages Monks denied meat on fast days ate what Rabbit Foetuses – Said were eggs 47 Where was Ice Cream invented China 48 Brittany Spears - what is her favourite drink Sprite 49 What job does Charlie Browns father do Barber 50 International direct dialling codes what country has 353 Republic of Ireland Page 62 This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document 10000 general knowledge questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro No Questions Quiz 31 Answers 51 What is the main food of walruses Clams 52 30% of people quit this job in USA each year - what job School Bus Driver 53 Napoleons life was saved by a dog what breed – and he hated dogs Newfoundland – saved from drowning 54 In 1821 Jacob Fusel worlds fist commercial factory making what Ice Cream 55 The star constellation Grus has what English name The Crane 56 International aircraft registration letters what country is PP or PT Brazil 57 What was the first 30 minute animated Disney show Duck Tales 58 A renaissance doctor - what treatment excluding bleeding Enemas 59 You could be executed for drinking what in ancient Turkey Coffee 60 Where did the ancient Egyptians paint pictures of their enemies Foot of Sandals 61 What is found in one third of American homes Scrabble 62 Bowling for lizards was whose favourite TV program Fred Flintstone 63 The name Jesse means what in Hebrew Wealth 64 According to strain theory crime is mainly committed by who The lower classes 65 In what country was the longbow invented Wales 66 Who makes Pringles Proctor and Gamble 67 What airline started 24th September 1946 single DC3 - Betsy Cathay Pacific 68 What are a swallowtail and a burgee Flags 69 What is the most common sexually transmitted disease in USA Herpes 70 Who was the Angel in Milton's Paradise Lost Beelzebub 71 300000 American teenagers get what every year Venereal disease 72 Francesco Seraglio invented what in Australia in early 1960s The Woolmark logo 73 What was Socrates wife's name Xanthippe 74 Who \"Loved not to wisely but too well\" Shakespeare play Othello 75 What did Anna Sage \"The lady in Red do\" Betray John Dillinger 76 Who makes Kleenex tissues Kimberly Clark 77 Poon Lim holds the record of 133 days doing what Surviving on a raft 78 Holden Caulfield - Catcher in the Rye - where JD Sal get name Movie marquee W Holden J Caulfield 79 This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM Kenyatta University IT 402 - Spring 2015 1 2 3 4 5 Sampling In Research What is research? According Webster (1985), to researc HYPO.docx",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505229
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Ownership of which worldwide publishing concern gave Conrad Black control of the Daily Telegraph?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mathew Horsman on Conrad Black's latest move | The Independent Mathew Horsman on Conrad Black's latest move Monday 29 April 1996 23:02 BST Click to follow The Independent Online Can it be that the City and Conrad Black, the controversial media baron, will finally get what each has long been wanting - rid of each other? Certainly last week's offer by Black's Hollinger International to buy out the minority shareholders of the Telegraph Group looks pitched high enough to succeed. By paying pounds 273m for the third of the group his US-based company does not already own, Black hopes to get full control of the Daily Telegraph's cash flow, which would give him fire-power to finance future acquisitions. The City, meanwhile, is being offered a chance to end its acrimonious partnership with the Canadian-born entrepreneur, with whom relations have been sour for at least two years. Some institutional shareholders don't like Black because they remember how he sold shares to investors only weeks before the Daily Telegraph joined the profit-sapping cover-price war in mid-1994, a move that sent the group's shares plummeting. Black doesn't like the City because he thinks it is arrogant, clubbish and, well, English. The specifics aside, Black's latest manoeuvre ought to be of great interest even to those not directly involved. For a start, anyone in the newspaper business should take heart. Consider that the current offer, at pounds 5.70 a share (including a 10p special dividend), is a pound higher than the pounds 4.70 Black was prepared to pay just a year ago, in his first attempt to take the group private. Back then, Black argued that the cover-price war and the escalating cost of newsprint conspired to cloud the Telegraph Group's profit outlook. He simply wasn't ready - and nor were his bankers - to offer a premium price. The independent directors of the group, which publishes the Daily Telegraph and the Sunday Telegraph, and which owns 25 per cent of the huge Australian publishing concern Fairfax, held out for pounds 5 a share. They believed that the cover-price war couldn't last forever, and that newsprint prices would moderate at some point. The independent directors were right. The Daily Telegraph has already been able to raise its cover price, in two stages, to 40p, and there may be room for another increase soon It all depends, of course, on Rupert Murdoch, whose cut-rate Times started the broadsheet price war in 1993. Just as important to the Telegraph Group's prospects will be newsprint costs. The Daily Telegraph uses a lot of newsprint to print its million copies a day, and has been hammered in the past 18 months by price rises. The most recent - 9 per cent - could be the last for a while, and will provide some welcome stability. Indeed, minority shareholders might be forgiven for holding out for more money despite the fact that independent directors are recommending the latest offer. If Black's Hollinger International is prepared to cough up pounds 5.70 a share to get its hands on the whole company, might it not go even higher? Dissident shareholders will also be aware that Black has done ridiculously well with his Telegraph investment. He got control 10 years ago of the then-struggling company with an initial payment of about pounds 30m. Using the latest offer as a benchmark, the group would be worth about pounds 760m today. Can't he sweeten the pot? Black desperately wants the shares. After all, he is making his second effort in the space of a year. The reason is simple. Black wants Fairfax, the leading Australian publisher. Until the last Australian election, his chances of increasing the Telegraph Group's 25 per cent stake in Fairfax were nil, thanks to media ownership rules. But the new government will relax the limits, and may allow Black to up his holding. Regulation is only one stumbling block. The bigger problem is money. He can raise it in the market, of course, but investors prefer some collateral. That is where the Daily Telegraph's cash flow helps. Hollinger International could easily raise fresh funds on the st",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505230
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Finishing tied for 4th with a score of 10 under par, who was the highest placed British golfer at this month's US Masters?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "News News News Fred Wedel (Pepperdine '16) Holds Off Talented Field to Win 55th Northeast Amateur EAST PROVIDENCE _ When he thinks about the decisions he has made in his life, the one Fred Wedel made to delay turning pro for a few months likely will go down as one of his best ever. Wedel graduated from Pepperdine last month after compiling one of the best careers ever for a Wave golfer. But rather than turn professional as so many of his contemporaries do, he opted to remain an amateur at least until the U.S. Am at the end of the summer. Unlike so many others who compete on the national amateur circuit, he does not come from money. He had to spend a summer caddying after his freshman year at Peppedine to earn enough money to stay in school. His best friend’s family, the Hollingers from The Woodlands, Tex., are paying all his expenses to allow him to travel to different events this summer. ``I wanted to wait (to turn pro) because I felt like I wanted to play these amateur events one more time. I didn’t want to play mini tour events,’’ he said. ``I love coming to places like this. It really is special.’’ Wedel made it even more special for himself on Saturday when he won the 55th Northeast Amateur at Wannamoisett Country Club. He shot a closing 2-under 67 for a total of 6-under 270 and survived a wild scramble at the finish that saw six players within one stroke of the lead heading down the stretch. All the contenders struggled coming home, including Wedel. He bogeyed both 17, after driving into the water, and 18, after driving into the trees. However even with those problems, he was able to win because of the six birdies he made earlier in the day. He did not have the victory until Southern Cal’s Sean Crocker missed a four-foot putt on 18 for bogey. Crocker, the highest rated player in the field, three-putted each of the last two holes for a 70 and 271 total. Patrick Martin, a Vanderbilt sophomore, also tied for second after a closing 69. Wedel had mixed feelings when he watched Crocker miss the four-footer that could have forced a playoff. Wedel signed his scorecard then headed out to watch Crocker finish. ``I hate to win a tournament that way. We’re very close. We both go to school in Southern California. I actually played with him in his first tournament (for USC) for 36 holes,’’ Wedel said. ``He’s a friend.’’ Those who have followed Wedel’s life and golf career know he was entitled to a good break. When he was 10 years old, his father became ill. It turned out to be an infection of his spinal cord. He became, and still is, a quadriplegic. His dad, also named Fred, had introduced him to golf with a cut down 7-iron. The situation was devastating. Wedel spoke about how he quit playing golf for several years and was never one of the top rated juniors. His father now lives near Sacremento, Cal., and his mother in Portland, Ore. Wedel has gotten better each of his four years at Pepperdine _ ``Paradise,’’ as he called the school on the California coast. His victory at Wannamoisett was his second in a week. He won the Texas Amateur last week. He has been through so much that he has a maturity beyond his years in dealing with pressure. He spoke in detail about what it was like going through the pressure of being in contention at such a big tournament for the first time in his life. ``I’ve never felt this way before. I’ve never been in position to win a tournament of this magnitude,’’ he offered. ``It was difficult for me to handle my emotions. . . It’s hard for you not to get ahead of yourself when you’re just a few shots away from winning an event like this.’’ He was not sure where he stood over the final holes, but he did hear someone in the crowd say he was three strokes ahead as he was playing 17. ``I heard that but I kind of blocked it out,’’ he said. On 17, he drove into the water. ``The nerves got the best of me on that one. I don’t even know what happened there. I let one get away from me there,’’ he said. ``I don’t think anything really prepares you for how you feel on the last four, five six holes in a tournament l",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505231
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"What is the form of sugar called \"\"dextrose\"\" also known as?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "What is the Difference Between Dextrose, Fructose, and Glucose? What is the Difference Between Dextrose, Fructose, and Glucose? Last Modified Date: 10 December 2016 Copyright Protected: 10 hilariously insightful foreign words Dextrose, fructose , and glucose are all monosaccharides, known as simple sugars. These sugars can combine to form more complex sugars, including the disaccharide known as sucrose , or table sugar. The primary differences between these sugars have to do with the ways in which they are metabolized by the body, and they all play important roles in body function. Fructose is an extremely sweet sugar that is found in many fruits. The flavor is sometimes intensely cloying, as anyone who has eaten an overripe piece of fruit knows, and it is believed to be the most sweet of the naturally occurring sugars. Fructose can also be obtained through the breakdown of sucrose, which is made from linked fructose and glucose molecules. It has a low glycemic index, which means that it takes a long time for the body to break down, resulting in a slow release of sugar, rather than a sudden rush. A diet high in fructose as been linked to health problems like diabetes and obesity, although there is as of yet no proof that it causes these conditions. Ad Dextrose is simply a form of glucose. Some food packagers like to use \"dextrose\" on their packaging instead of \"glucose\" because they believe that people have negative associations with glucose. This sugar is extremely abundant in nature, and it can be found in numerous plant and animal tissues, often along with other sugars such as fructose. The body relies on glucose for energy, using this sugar to power cells. When people measure their blood sugar , they are actually measuring the amount of dissolved glucose in the blood. The molecular formula for glucose/dextrose and fructose is actually the same. Both sugars are considered to be hexoses, meaning that they have six carbon atoms attached to 12 hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms. The differing ways in which molecules can be attached cause various hexoses to behave differently, creating different chemical compounds which lend the hexoses some distinct properties. Glucose is what is known as an aldohexose, meaning that it contains a compound called an aldehyde , located at the first position in the molecule. Aldehydes have a carbon atom which is attached to a hydrogen atom and also double bonded to an oxygen atom. Fructose, on the other hand, is a ketohexose, containing a ketone which consists of a single carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom. The ketone in fructose is attached to the second position in the molecule. Ketones play an important role in biochemistry. The simple structures of these sugars allow them to be linked in a number of different ways to other molecules, creating more complex sugars which will behave differently in the body and generating some extremely unwieldy chemical formulas. For consumers, the important thing to remember is that labels which say \"dextrose\" really mean \"glucose.\" Ad Post 41 @anon119975: \"Coincidence\"? Seemingly, but not specifically. Fructose is more addictive than dextrose/glucose. Obesity is the result of food processors putting more and more sugars of all types into their products to \"cash-in\" on this addictive quality of all sugars. Once addicted (as we in the west certainly are, to our shame and certain demise) we seek products that give us the highest hit possible. Food producers, especially the huge conglomerates, put as much sugars as possible into almost everything these days, even where it is ridiculous. In 1967 at high school, as a science project, we analyzed Coca Cola by destructive distillation. The sugar content was 6.7 percent, made up of mostly corn syrup, but we did not have the resources to determine what exact sugars were present. Labeling was not used, so the consumer was unaware of the sugar content. Today, check the label on a bottle of coca cola that is not \"diet/zero or sugar free.\" Pepsi Cola is pretty much the same: about 11 percent to Coke's 10.4",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505232
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which animal is the symbol of the Rastafari religion?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "BBC - Religions - Rastafari: Rastafari at a glance Rastafari at a glance This page provides an overview of the Rastafari movement including statistics, practices and history. On this page Print this page Rastafari at a glance Rastafari is a young, Africa-centred religion which developed in Jamaica in the 1930s, following the coronation of Haile Selassie I as King of Ethiopia in 1930. Rastafarians believe Haile Selassie is God and that he will return to Africa members of the black community who are living in exile as the result of colonisation and the slave trade. Rastafari theology developed from the ideas of Marcus Garvey , a political activist who wanted to improve the status of fellow blacks. There are approximately one million world wide adherents of Rastafari as a faith. The 2001 census found 5,000 Rastafarians living in England and Wales. Followers of Rastafari are known by a variety of names: Rastafarians, Rastas, Sufferers, Locksmen, Dreads or Dreadlocks. It spread globally following the success of Bob Marley and his music in the 1970s Rastafarians believe that blacks are the chosen people of God , but that through colonisation and the slave trade their role has been suppressed The movement's greatest concerns are the repatriation of blacks to their homeland, Africa, and the reinstatement of blacks' position in society It is an exocentric religion - as Haile Selassie, whom adherents consider as God, is outside the religion Rastafari religious ceremonies consist of chanting, drumming and meditating in order to reach a state of heightened spirituality Rastafarian religious practice includes the ritual inhalation of marijuana , to increase their spiritual awareness Rastafarians follow strict dietary laws and abstain from alcohol. Rastafarians follow a number of Old Testament Laws There is a separate code of religious practice for women in Rastafari Rastafarians believe reincarnation follows death and that life is eternal Rastafarians are forbidden to cut their hair; instead, they grow it and twist it into dreadlocks Rastafarians eat clean and natural produce, such as fruit and vegetables Rastafarians try to refrain from the consumption of meat, especially pork Rastafarians are opposed to abortion and contraception Rastafarian colours The Rastafarian colours are red, green and gold. Sometimes black is added. These colours are chosen because: Red signifies the blood of those killed for the cause of the black community, throughout Jamaican history Green represents Jamaica's vegetation and hope for the eradication of suppression Gold symbolises the wealth of Ethiopia Black signifies the colour of the Africans who initiated Rastafari The Rastafarian symbol The lion is the symbol of Rastafari. This lion represents Haile Selassie I, who is referred to as the 'Conquering Lion of Judah'. Rastafarians' dreadlocks represent the lion's mane.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505233
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; How are the planets Neptune, Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus collectively described?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The \"Jovian\" Planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune During the last class we discussed the terrestrial planets--that is those planets that are most like the Earth in size, composition, and structure. While the geologies of the inner four planets have some things in common, we have found that each one is quite different from the others. The next four planets we will talk about--Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune--are very different to the terrestrial planets in that they have no real solid surfaces, being dominated by thick, deep atmospheres. Thus, there is no \"geology\" to speak of, and we talk more about the meteorology (weather) of these gas giants. Jupiter Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun, and is the largest planet in the solar system. Its average distance from the Sun is 5.2 AU (778,330,000 km), and its equatorial radius is 68,700 km (almost 11 times that of Earth). Though Jupiter is very massive (having 318 times the mass of the Earth), it is not very dense: it has a mean density of 1.4 gm/cm3. Just slightly more dense than water! Suprisingly, even though Jupiter is enormous, it spins very rapidly, completing one rotation in slightly under 10 hours. It takes 12 years for Jupiter to circle the Sun. Jupiter is a swirling ball of clouds arranged in rotating storms and in complex bands: These bands are caused by rising and descending air, as shown in Fig. 12.8 of the textbook: Jupiter is mostly a large ball of hydrogen and helium gas with a few trace elements: This picture illustrates the internal structure of Jupiter. The outer layer is primarily composed of molecular hydrogen. At greater depths the hydrogen starts resembling a liquid. At 10,000 kilometers below Jupiter's cloud top liquid hydrogen reaches a pressure of 1,000,000 bar with a temperature of 6,000� K. At this state hydrogen changes into a phase of liquid metallic hydrogen. In this state, the hydrogen atoms break down yielding ionized protons and electrons similar to the Sun's interior. Below this is a layer dominated by ice where \"ice\" denotes a soupy liquid mixture of water, methane, and ammonia under high temperatures and pressures. Finally at the center is a rocky or rocky-ice core of up to 10 Earth masses.1 The rapid rotation of Jupiter creates an incredible amount of shear in the atmosphere, and all kinds of storms form. The biggest of these, the \"great red spot\" was discovered by Cassini in the 17th century: The red spot is simply a high pressure area like those seen on the Earth: Jupiter has no real solid surface, with the clouds gradually compressing to a liquid state, and this further compresses into a \"metallic\" state that surrounds the rocky core. The temperature of Jupiter at the cloud tops is very cold, -121 C, but increases dramatically as you go inwards, reaching to 20,000 K in the core. Jupiter has a large number of known moons (about 63 of them), but most of these are tiny little rocks (< 5 km in radii). There are four major moons of Jupiter: the \"Galilean satellites\" Io , Europa , Ganymede , and Callisto (shown in order, below--that tiny oblong rock to the left of Io is one of the smaller moons Almathea, that orbits inside that of Io). The innermost of these four moons is Io, and its surface is covered with lava flows from the numerous volcanoes on its surface (go to pages 347 and 348 of the textbook for more images). In fact, Io has the youngest surface in the solar system, being constantly reshaped by volcanic eruptions. The yellowish-orange color of Io is due to the large amount of sulfur that is discharged in these eruptions. Here is a possible lake of sulfur: The reason Io has so many volcanoes is that the intense gravity of Jupiter, and that of the other three moons, constantly tugs on Io, stretching and compressing it (see page 349 of the textbook): This generates an enormous amount of heat that liquifies the insides of Io. This process is also at work on the next moon out from Jupiter, Europa. Europa has one of the",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505234
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"A \"\"Wobbegong\"\" is a type of what?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Wobbegong Shark | Sharkopedia The Wobbegong Waits ... Then Ambushes Sharkopedia : Wobbegong Shark | Did You Know? The Wobbegong Is King of the Ambush True to its nickname of carpet shark, the wobbegong spends most of its time on the ocean floor. This nocturnal hunter will often lie still, waiting for prey to swim too close, attracted to the tentacles around the shark’s mouth that act as lures. Sometimes the wobbegong will also slowly wave its tail, mimicking a fish, which attracts other fish. Once its target -- which includes crabs, lobsters, and octopi as well as bony fish such as sea bass -- gets close, the wobbegong will strike, clamping down with its wide, powerful jaws, in some cases even using suction to pull its dinner in. Other times divers have observed the wobbegong slowly sneaking up on its prey from a distance. Either way, once something is in a wobbegong’s mouth, it’s game over. Because of its large jaws, a wobbegong can swallow prey almost as big as itself. But if the prey is too large to swallow, the shark will hold it in its teeth until it dies, and then eat it in chunks. Sharkopedia : Wobbegong Shark | Wobbegong Shark: The Ambush King 1 Wobbegong Sharks By the Numbers 2 How to Spot A Wobbegong 3 The Wobbegong Waits ... Then Ambushes 4 The Wobbegong Is The King of the Ambush 5 The 12 Wobbegong Species Live in Warm, Tropical Waters 6 Meet 3 Species of Wobbegong 7 3 Quirky Facts About the Wobbegong 9 Does The Wobbegong Make A Good Pet? 10 How Dangerous Is The Wobbegong To Humans? 11",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505235
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which major river of the USA forms the border between the states of California and Arizona?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "United States Geography: Rivers Major Rivers in the United States Mississippi The Mississippi River is one of the most important rivers in the United States. It flows 2,340 miles north to south from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico in Louisiana. Together with the Missouri River, it forms the fourth largest river system in the world. The source of the Mississippi is Lake Itasca in Minnesota. In the early history of the United States, the Mississippi River served as the westernmost border of the country until the Louisiana Territory was purchased from France in 1803. After that, the river was a symbol of the start of the American frontier. Today the river is an important transportation waterway, carrying goods from the middle of the country to the port of New Orleans and into the Gulf of Mexico. The Mississippi River travels through several states including Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. It acts as the border between several of these states. It also travels through several major cities including Minneapolis, St. Louis, Memphis, and New Orleans. Missouri The Missouri River is the longest river in the United States at 2,540 miles long. Together with the Mississippi River, it forms the fourth largest river system in the world. It begins in Western Montana and flows to the Mississippi River just north of St. Louis. It travels through several states including Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri. The first explorers to travel the entire length of the Missouri River were Lewis and Clark. They used the Missouri to make their way west when exploring the Louisiana Purchase. The river played an important role in the early history of the American frontier as the major trails to the west, such as the Oregon and Santa Fe Trail, began at the Missouri River. Rio Grande The Rio Grande flows 1,900 miles from Colorado to the Gulf of Mexico. Along the way it travels through New Mexico and serves as the southern border of Texas between the United States and Mexico. Major tributaries of the Rio Grande include the Rio Conchos, the Rio Chama, and the San Juan River. Hudson The Hudson River flows 315 miles north to south in eastern New York. It is a fairly short river when compared to many of the other rivers on this page. However, the Hudson played an important role in the early history of the United States. When the Erie Canal was opened in 1825, the Hudson was connected to the Great Lakes. This created a trade route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes region. It had a major impact in the growth of New York City. Colorado The Colorado River flows 1,450 miles from the Rocky Mountains of Colorado to the Gulf of California. Along the way it passes through Utah, Arizona, Nevada, California, and Mexico. The river is famous for carving out the Grand Canyon over the course of millions of years. Today the Colorado is an important source of water and power for the southwest United States. The Hoover Dam was built on the Colorado in 1936. It formed Lake Mead and provides power to the city of Las Vegas. Columbia The largest river in the northwest region of the United States is the Columbia River. It stretches 1,240 miles from the Canadian Rockies, through Washington state, and along the Oregon-Washington border to the Pacific Ocean. The river is an excellent source of power and is home to Grand Coulee Dam, the largest power producing dam in the United States. Yukon River in Alaska Yukon The Yukon River is the third longest river in the United States at 1,980 miles. It begins at Llewellyn Glacier in Canada and flows north to Alaska where it proceeds to travel west across the state to the Bering Sea. Top 10 US Rivers by Length Missouri: 2,540 miles",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505236
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Relative density is the density of a substance relative to what?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Relative density - definition of relative density by The Free Dictionary Relative density - definition of relative density by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/relative+density Related to relative density: Archimedes Principle relative density relative density n (Units) the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard substance under specified conditions. For liquids and solids the standard is usually water at 4°C or some other specified temperature. For gases the standard is often air or hydrogen at the same temperature and pressure as the substance. Symbol: d See also specific gravity , vapour density ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505237
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the term for three consecutive strikes in bowling?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bowling Turkey - Bowling Glossary - Three Strikes in a Row Three Strikes in a Row A turkey. Photo by Marc Serota/Stringer/Getty Images By Jef Goodger Definition: Three strikes in a row. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, bowling proprietors used to present live turkeys to bowlers who threw three consecutive strikes around Thanksgiving or Christmas time. Also Known As: Gobbler, X gets the square, three-bagger. Examples: That's another turkey for Paul.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505238
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The names of all five elements that make up the Halogens end with which three letters?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "List of Periodic Table Groups List of Periodic Table Groups These are the element groups found in the periodic table of the elements. There are links to lists of elements within each group. Cobalt is a hard, silvery-gray metal. Ben Mills 1. Metals Most elements are metals. In fact, so many elements are metals there are different groups of metals, such as alkali metals, alkaline earths, and transition metals. Most metals are shiny solids, with high melting points and densities. Many of the properties of metals, including large atomic radius , low ionization energy , and low electronegativity , are due to the fact that the electrons in the valence shell of a metal atoms can be removed easily. One characteristic of metals is their ability to be deformed without breaking. Malleability is the ability of a metal to be hammered into shapes. Ductility is the ability of a metal to be drawn into wire. Metals are good heat conductors and electrical conductors. More » continue reading below our video Trends in the Periodic Table These are crystals of sulfur, one of the nonmetallic elements. U.S. Geological Survey 2. Nonmetals The nonmetals are located on the upper right side of the periodic table. Nonmetals are separated from metals by a line that cuts diagonally through the region of the periodic table. Nonmetals have high ionization energies and electronegativities. They are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity. Solid nonmetals are generally brittle, with little or no metallic luster . Most nonmetals have the ability to gain electrons easily. Nonmetals display a wide range of chemical properties and reactivities. More » Xenon normally is a colorless gas, but it emits a blue glow when excited by an electrical discharge, as seen here. pslawinski, wikipedia.org 3. Noble Gases or Inert Gases The noble gases, also known as the inert gases , are located in Group VIII of the periodic table. The noble gases are relatively nonreactive. This is because they have a complete valence shell. They have little tendency to gain or lose electrons. The noble gases have high ionization energies and negligible electronegativities. The noble gases have low boiling points and are all gases at room temperature. More » This is a sample of pure chlorine gas. Chlorine gas is a pale greenish yellow color. Greenhorn1, public domain 4. Halogens The halogens are located in Group VIIA of the periodic table. Sometimes the halogens are considered to be a particular set of nonmetals. These reactive elements have seven valence electrons. As a group, halogens exhibit highly variable physical properties. Halogens range from solid to liquid to gaseous at room temperature . The chemical properties are more uniform. The halogens have very high electronegativities . Fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all elements. The halogens are particularly reactive with the alkali metals and alkaline earths, forming stable ionic crystals. More » Tellurium is a brittle silver-white metalloid. This image is of an ultra-pure tellurium crystal, 2-cm in length. Dschwen, wikipedia.org 5. Semimetals or Metalloids The metalloids or semimetals are located along the line between the metals and nonmetals in the periodic table . The electronegativities and ionization energies of the metalloids are between those of the metals and nonmetals, so the metalloids exhibit characteristics of both classes. The reactivity of the metalloids depends on the element with which they are reacting. For example, boron acts as a nonmetal when reacting with sodium yet as a metal when reacting with fluorine. The boiling points , melting points , and densities of the metalloids vary widely. The intermediate conductivity of metalloids means they tend to make good semiconductors. More » Sodium metal chunks under mineral oil. Justin Urgitis, wikipedia.org 6. Alkali Metals The alkali metals are the elements located in Group IA of the periodic table. The alkali metals exhibit many of the physical properties common to metals, although their densities are lower than those of other metals. Alkali",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505239
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was Anne Sullivan's most famous pupil?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Anne Sullivan - Bio, Facts, Family | Famous Birthdays Famous Birthdays Teacher who famously broke through to Helen Keller and taught her how to read and write. BEFORE FAME She studied at the Perkins School for the Blind. TRIVIA She lost most of her eyesight at age twenty, which made it easy for her to relate to her famous pupil, Helen Keller . FAMILY LIFE She married Harvard instructor John Albert Macy in May of 1905; the couple separated in 1914. ASSOCIATED WITH",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505240
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which British composer wrote 'The Midsummer Marriage' and `The Knot Garden'?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sir Michael Tippett | British composer | Britannica.com Sir Michael Tippett Alternative Title: Michael Kemp Tippett Sir Michael Tippett Gunther Schuller Sir Michael Tippett, in full Michael Kemp Tippett (born Jan. 2, 1905, London , Eng.—died Jan. 8, 1998, London), one of the leading English composers of the 20th century. Tippett studied composition (1923–28) at the Royal College of Music and privately (1930–32) with R.O. Morris. After serving as music director (1940–51) at Morley College, London, he became a radio and television speaker for the BBC and active as an orchestral conductor. He was knighted in 1966, and he served as director of the Bath (music) Festival from 1969 to 1974. Tippett developed slowly as a composer. His early music was conservative , but in the late 1930s he developed a personal, modernistic idiom that was marked by rhapsodic lyricism, intricate counterpoint , and polyphonic rhythms that have a lilting, bounding quality. His first significant composition, an oratorio on his own libretto, A Child of Our Time (composed 1939–41), made him famous upon its performance by the London Philharmonic Orchestra in 1944. Tippett’s most successful works were on a large scale, in particular the operas The Midsummer Marriage (performed 1955), King Priam (1962), The Knot Garden (1970), and The Ice Break (1977), for which he wrote his own librettos. His instrumental works include four symphonies, concertos, string quartets, and piano sonatas. Beginning with King Priam, his surging rhythms and lush harmonies give way to a starker, more taut style featuring abrupt juxtapositions of sharply contrasting musical subsections. Tippett’s works were not frequently performed in Great Britain until the 1960s. Similarly, it was not until the following decade that his works were regularly scheduled in the United States . Learn More in these related articles:",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505241
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In Britain a joint of beef comprising two sirloins joined at the backbone is known as what?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sauceboats shaped like sleighs and a giant conifer suspended from the ceiling... Get set for a Victorian Christmas at Windsor castle | Daily Mail Online Sauceboats shaped like sleighs and a giant conifer suspended from the ceiling... Get set for a Victorian Christmas at Windsor castle comments On December 24 1850 Queen Victoria sat down at her bureau at Windsor Castle and wrote breathlessly in her journal: ‘My beloved Albert first took me to my tree and table, covered by such numberless gifts, really too much, too magnificent!’ Now visitors to the royal residence in leafy Berkshire will, for the first time, be able to sample Christmas just as Victoria and Prince Albert did 161 years ago. Although monarchs have celebrated Christmas at Windsor since the 12th century, the couple were responsible for popularising the celebration in the form we know today. The finishing touches are made to the table in Windsor Castle's state dining room, which has be laid for a Victorian Christmas feast German-born Albert personally brought over the Christmas tree to Britain and the highlight of the castle’s new seasonal exhibition is a giant conifer - suspended from the ceiling of the Octagon Dining Room in place of its magnificent chandelier. Just why the prince chose to display his trees from the ceiling is a mystery, but in 1860 a visitor to the castle described how the rooms ‘were lighted up with Christmas trees hung from the ceiling, the chandeliers being taken down. These trees…were covered with bonbons and little wax coloured lights, some of the trees were made to appear as if partially covered in snow.’ RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share Anything Victoria and Albert did was certain to became the rage - and Christmas trees are still the centrepiece of most of our celebrations today. Inspired by these contemporary descriptions, an artificial tree decorated with swags, ribbons, replica candles and imitation snow is now taking pride of place in the Windsor recreation. In the German tradition, Queen Victoria and Prince Albert exchanged gifts on Christmas Eve. Presents were laid out on tables, each of which had a Christmas tree at its centre. Staff have painstakingly recreated two such gift tables piled with presents that were actually exchanged by Victoria and Albert. David Oakley, curator of the Christmas display for the Royal Collection, puts the finishing touches to a Christmas tree which is suspended from the ceiling German-born Albert chose to suspend his trees from the ceiling (left) and this tradition has been recreated for the current exhibition (right) Among them is a painting of a young nun and her suitor by Sir Charles Eastlake. It was commissioned by Victoria in 1844 as a gift for Albert and it is said that Eastlake had to paint for 19 hours without a break to finish it in time. There are also sculptures of the numerous royal children, including a tender representation of Victoria and Albert’s youngest child, Princess Beatrice, as a baby lying in a shell. This was given to the Queen by Prince Albert for Christmas 1858. Victoria was always a keen diary keeper and in 1850 described her brood’s excitement, saying: ‘The 7 children were then taken to their tree, jumping and shouting with joy over their toys and other presents: the boys could think of nothing but the sword we had given them and Bertie some of the armour, which however he complained, pinched him’. In the Castle’s State Dining Room, the table has also been laid for a Victorian Christmas feast with a magnificent porcelain dessert service by Minton of Staffordshire. Known as the Victoria Service, the set was purchased by the Queen at the Great Exhibition in 1851 and includes four porcelain figures of the four seasons, ice pails, cream and bon-bon dishes, and a pair of silver-gilt sauceboats shaped like sleighs. During Christmas 1860 a visitor to Windsor described the ‘mighty sight’ of 50 turkeys being roasted in the Great Kitchen, a huge baron of beef (a joint of beef consisting of the two sirloins joined at the backbone) and a woodcock p",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505242
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the name of the 'Acid Bath Murderer'?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Acid Bath Murderer of England | The Lineup Podcast The Acid Bath Murderer of England John George Haigh took the plunge into murder when he knocked out his old boss and dumped the body into acid – then set out to kill again. StumbleUpon stumbles Red wine, ice cream, a warm bath – these are wonderful ways to unwind after a long day at work. But as we’ve seen time and again, even the most soothing of activities can be twisted into terror by a madman’s dark imagination. Such is the grisly case of John George Haigh, a serial killer from England who used bubble baths of acid to dispose of his victims. Born in 1909 to an ultra-religious Plymouth Brethren family, John George Haigh was raised in Yorkshire, England. His upbringing was strict, to say the least – his father reportedly constructed a 10-foot fence around their yard as a means of blocking out the neighbors. With no playmates, young John grew up alone. At night, he was haunted by nightmares. The first signs of trouble appeared in his early 20s. After a series of odd office jobs, John was canned on the suspicion that he’d stolen company money. His life took a brief turn for the better in 1934, when he married a woman named Betty Hamer – but the marriage fell apart. Soon after, John landed himself in jail for fraud. While behind bars, Betty gave birth to a baby girl, whom she put up for adoption. John’s conservative parents refused to accept the decision, and forever shunned their son from the family. Alone, John moved south to London, where he picked up work as a chauffeur for a wealthy businessman named William McSwan in 1936. Yet his criminal ways bubbled back up. For the next seven years, John was in and out of jail for various crimes. It was during this time that he dreamed up the perfect murder. How can one kill and then truly get rid of the body? Sulfuric acid, of course. To test his plan, John caught mice and submerged their helpless bodies in acid. There he saw it: the critters were gone within 30 minutes. In 1943 John was freshly released from prison and reconnected with his old boss, William McSwan. William invited the freed convict to dinner at his parents’ home in celebration. Shortly thereafter, William disappeared. John told William’s parents that the man had gone into hiding to avoid being drafted into World War II. But the truth was far grislier: John had lured William into his basement where he cracked him on the head, then dumped him into a 40-gallon barrel of sulfuric acid. Within a couple of days, William went from grown man to goop. Afterward, John moved into William’s estate, claiming the businessman had asked him to do so. But with WWII drawing to a close, William’s parents wondered why their son remained in hiding. They soon voiced their suspicions to John. He knew of one way to quiet the fussy couple – give them an acid bath. With the entire McSwan family now out of the picture, John began cashing William’s pension checks. He sold off their belongings for around £8,000 (£300,000 in today’s pounds). With money in hand, the killer moved into the Onslow Court Hotel in London’s posh Kensington district. Eventually, however, the funds ran out – especially after John gambled much of it away. While on the hunt for more cash, the killer spotted a promising real estate ad in the local paper. He traveled to the home of Dr. Archibald Henderson and his wife, Rose (pictured above). Pretending to be an interested buyer, John soon struck up a relationship with the affluent couple. In February of 1948 John convinced his newfound friends to take a drive into the country and visit his new workshop in West Sussex. Upon arrival, John gunned down the Hendersons and dumped their bodies in the baths. He then collected their belongings and pawned it off for money. Yes, the Acid Bath Murderer had cooked up quite the chilling racket – lure wealthy acquaintances out to his workshop of horrors, send them to the vats, then sell off their possessions for cold hard cash. John’s next and final victim was Olive Durand-Deacon (pictured below), a wealthy widow living at the On",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505243
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which common British mammal has the scientific name Erinaceous Europaeus?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Geographic Range [top] Range Description: Erinaceus europaeus is endemic to Europe (including European Russia), with a distribution extending from the British Isles and the Iberian peninsula, westwards through much of western to central Europe; and from southern Fennoscandia, and the northern Baltic to north-west Russia. It is present on the Azores and a number of Mediterranean islands, but is absent from south-east Europe and southern Russia. It is typically found at altitudes of up to 600 m, although it can reach 1,500-2,000 m in the Alps (Lapini 1999). Countries occurrence: Native: Austria; Belgium; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Luxembourg; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Russian Federation; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom Additional data: Bibliography [top] Huijser, M.P. 1999. Human impact on populations of hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus through traffic and changes in the landscape: a review. Lutra 42:39-56. IUCN. 2016. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-3. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org . (Accessed: 07 December 2016). Lapini, L. 1999. Erinaceus europaeus. In: A.J. Mitchell-Jones, G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Kryštufek, P.J.H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J.B.M. Thissen, V. Vohralík, and J. Zima (eds), The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press, London. Pacifici, M., Santini, L., Di Marco, M., Baisero, D., Francucci, L., Grottolo Marasini, G., Visconti, P. and Rondinini, C. 2013. Generation length for mammals. Nature Conservation 5: 87–94. Verkem, S., De Maeseneer, J., Vandenddriessche, B., Verbeylen, G. and Yskout, S. 2003. Zoogdieren in Vlaanderen. Ecologie en verspreiding van 1987 tot 2002. Natuurpunt Studie & JNM-Zoogdierenwerkgroep, Mechelen & Gent, België.. Citation: Amori, G. 2016. Erinaceus europaeus. In: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T29650A2791303. . Downloaded on 19 January 2017. Disclaimer:",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505244
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which influential German philosopher wrote 'Being and Time'?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Martin Heidegger (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Martin Heidegger First published Wed Oct 12, 2011 Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) was a German philosopher whose work is perhaps most readily associated with phenomenology and existentialism, although his thinking should be identified as part of such philosophical movements only with extreme care and qualification. His ideas have exerted a seminal influence on the development of contemporary European philosophy. They have also had an impact far beyond philosophy, for example in architectural theory (see e.g., Sharr 2007), literary criticism (see e.g., Ziarek 1989), theology (see e.g., Caputo 1993), psychotherapy (see e.g., Binswanger 1943/1964, Guignon 1993) and cognitive science (see e.g., Dreyfus 1992, 2008; Wheeler 2005; Kiverstein and Wheeler 2012). 1. Biographical Sketch Martin Heidegger was born in Messkirch, Germany, on September 26, 1889. Messkirch was then a quiet, conservative, religious rural town, and as such was a formative influence on Heidegger and his philosophical thought. In 1909 he spent two weeks in the Jesuit order before leaving (probably on health grounds) to study theology at the University of Freiburg. In 1911 he switched subjects, to philosophy. He began teaching at Freiburg in 1915. In 1917 he married Elfride Petri, with whom he had two sons (Jörg and Hermann) and from whom he never parted (although his affair with the philosopher Hannah Arendt, his student at Marburg in the 1920s, is well-known). Heidegger's philosophical development began when he read Brentano and Aristotle, plus the latter's medieval scholastic interpreters. Indeed, Aristotle's demand in the Metaphysics to know what it is that unites all possible modes of Being (or ‘is-ness’) is, in many ways, the question that ignites and drives Heidegger's philosophy. From this platform he proceeded to engage deeply with Kant, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and, perhaps most importantly of all for his subsequent thinking in the 1920s, two further figures: Dilthey (whose stress on the role of interpretation and history in the study of human activity profoundly influenced Heidegger) and Husserl (whose understanding of phenomenology as a science of essences he was destined to reject). In 1915 Husserl took up a post at Freiburg and in 1919 Heidegger became his assistant. Heidegger spent a period (of reputedly brilliant) teaching at the University of Marburg (1923–1928), but then returned to Freiburg to take up the chair vacated by Husserl on his retirement. Out of such influences, explorations, and critical engagements, Heidegger's magnum opus, Being and Time (Sein und Zeit) was born. Although Heidegger's academic and intellectual relationship with his Freiburg predecessor was complicated and occasionally strained (see Crowell 2005), Being and Time was dedicated to Husserl, “in friendship and admiration”. Published in 1927, Being and Time is standardly hailed as one of the most significant texts in the canon of (what has come to be called) contemporary European (or Continental) Philosophy. It catapulted Heidegger to a position of international intellectual visibility and provided the philosophical impetus for a number of later programmes and ideas in the contemporary European tradition, including Sartre's existentialism, Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics, and Derrida's notion of ‘deconstruction’. Moreover, Being and Time, and indeed Heidegger's philosophy in general, has been presented and engaged with by thinkers such as Dreyfus (e.g., 1990) and Rorty (e.g., 1991a, b) who work somewhere near the interface between the contemporary European and the analytic traditions. A cross-section of broadly analytic reactions to Heidegger (positive and negative) may be found alongside other responses in (Murray 1978). Being and Time is discussed in section 2 of this article. In 1933 Heidegger joined the Nazi Party and was elected Rector of Freiburg University, where, depending on whose account one believes, he either enthusiastically implemented the Nazi policy of bringing",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505245
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which American state does Coca-Cola have its headquarters?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Coca-Cola Journey Homepage: The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE: KO) is the world's largest beverage company, refreshing consumers with more than 500 sparkling and still brands and more than 3,800 beverage choices. Led by Coca-Cola , one of the world's most valuable and recognizable brands, our company’s portfolio features 20 billion-dollar brands, 18 of which are available in reduced-, low- or no-calorie options. Our billion-dollar brands include Diet Coke, Coca-Cola Zero, Fanta, Sprite, Dasani, vitaminwater, Powerade, Minute Maid, Simply, Del Valle, Georgia and Gold Peak. Through the world's largest beverage distribution system, we are the No. 1 provider of both sparkling and still beverages. More than 1.9 billion servings of our beverages are enjoyed by consumers in more than 200 countries each day. With an enduring commitment to building sustainable communities, our company is focused on initiatives that reduce our environmental footprint, create a safe, inclusive work environment for our associates, and enhance the economic development of the communities where we operate. Together with our bottling partners, we rank among the world's top 10 private employers with more than 700,000 system associates. © 2016 THE",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505246
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What comes next in this sequence: butane, propane, ethane, ... ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Butane vs Methane - Difference and Comparison | Diffen Butane vs. Methane Butane and methane are hydrocarbons from the same chemical family compounds known as alkanes. They are components of natural gas and extraction of oil. Comparison chart Butane versus Methane comparison chart Butane 2.48 kg/m3, gas (15 °C, 1 atm) 600 kg/m3, liquid (0 °C, 1 atm) 0.717 kg/m3, gas 415 kg/m3 liquid Melting point -182.5 °C, 91 K, -297 °F Boiling point -161.6 °C, 112 K, -259 °F Solubility in water 6.1 mg/100 ml (20 °C) 35 mg/L (17 °C) Methanol, chloromethane, formic acid, formaldehyde, silane Structure and properties Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas Spectral data Butane is used in refrigeration, cigarette lighters, heating as LPG or liquefied petroleum gas. Methane is an energy source used for heating purposes. Harmful effects Butane can cause asphyxiation and ventricular fibrillation. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. It can form explosive mixtures with air. Sources Natural gas fields, biogas production, atmospheric methane, extra terrestrial methane. Contents: Butane vs Methane 7 References Chemical formula and Molecular structure of methane vs butane Butane is C4H10 while methane has the chemical formula – CH4. Thus there are four hydrogen atoms in a methane molecule while there ten hydrogen atoms in a butane molecule. The molecule of methane forms a tetrahedral structure while butane is a linear structure. Methane molecule - 3D rendering Methane molecule - structural formula determined using microwave spectroscopy Butane molecule - 3-dimensional rendering Butane molecule - chemical formula Chemical Reactions of methane and butane Butane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water vapor. Under conditions of limited oxygen, butane can form carbon monoxide or charred carbon. It reacts with chlorine to give chlorobutanes and other derivatives. Methane undergoes combustion to give formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and finally carbon dioxide and water vapor. The process is known as pyrolysis. Ease in Handling Both methane and butane are odorless gases at room temperatures. Butane can be easily liquefied hence it is sold as fuel for camping and cooking. It is mixed with propane and other hydrocarbons to from LPG which is commercially used for heating and cooking purposes. Methane is difficult to transport and is transported by pipelines and LNG carriers. Unlike methane which is a stubborn gas in normal pressure and temperature, butane turns into a liquid when compressed. This property is attributed to the weak central carbon atom bonds. As soon as this liquefied gas comes in contact with air, it reacts with ignition source and become inflammable. Isomers Butane exhibits structural isomerism unlike methane and has two isomers, n-butane and iso-butane. Methane does not exhibit isomerism. Uses of methane vs butane Butane is used in deodorants, cigarette lighters, cooking and heating gas cylinders, propellant in aerosol sprays and refrigerants etc. Methane also known as marsh or swamp gas is used for firing electrical generation stations, power automobiles etc. Sources Methane is found in wetlands and oceans, atmosphere, human sources like burning fuel, raising livestock, fermentation of organic matter etc. Butane can be obtained as a byproduct during extraction of crude oil and is a component of natural gas . References",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505247
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was the architect of the United Nations Building in New York City?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "United Nations Headquarters, New York City United Nations Headquarters The headquarters of the United Nations in New York were developed by an international team of architects. The main building, the Secretariat, was one of the city's first skyscrapers in International Style. The Plot UN Secretariat In 1946, the United Nations (UN) were looking for a location for their new headquarters in New York. The original plan was to use the grounds of the 1939 World Fair in Flushing Meadow Park in Queens. But when a project known as X-City on Manhattan's eastern border failed to materialize, John D. Rockefeller Jr. bought the 18 acre (7 ha) plot and donated it to the United Nations. This site was then used to build the UN's headquarters. The whole area was converted into international territory and officially does not belong to the United States. Design The United Nations' Secretary Generals The design for the United Nations complex was drawn by an international committee of architects, the United Nations Board of Design. The most notable of the architects were Oscar Niemeyer, Le Corbusier and Wallace K. Harrison, who headed the board. Some renowned architects including Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius were excluded due to their historical links with Germany, the instigator of the Second World War. View from Roosevelt Island Inside the UN HQ The international style was chosen by the board members as it symbolized a new start after the war. A plan by Le Corbusier, known as project 23A, was taken as the basis for the design. After many months of heated discussions, mainly between Le Curbusier and the other architects, the final plan 23W, drawn up by Oscar Niemeyer, was adopted by all members of the board. It consists of a complex with four buildings: the Secretariat building, the General Assembly building, the Conference building and the Dag Hammarskjöld Library. UN Secretariat The largest of the four buildings is the Secretariat building, home of the UN's administration. The large, 39 story, 544 ft (166m) tall slab has become a worldwide symbol of the United Nations. The green glass-curtain tower, the first of its kind in New York, contrasts starkly with the 1920s buildings of Tudor City nearby. Construction of the Secretariat started in september 1949 and was completed in 1950. The complex as a whole was only finished two years later. The Secretariat building dwarfs the adjacent five story General Assembly building, actually the most important part of the complex. Non-violence In the General assembly hall, which has a seating capacity of 1,800, meetings between representatives of all UN members take place. The conference building behind the Secretariat and General assembly buildings houses the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council. The Park Let us Beat Swords into Plowshares Adjacent to the United Nations complex is a small public park bordering the East River. It is littered with artwork donated by many countries, including 'Let Us Beat Swords into Plowshares' by Evgeniy Vuchetich, donated by the Soviet Union in 1959 and a section of the Berlin Wall . Along First Avenue in front of the United Nations Headquarters is a display of flags from each member of the UN. It starts with Afghanistan at 48th street and ends with Zimbabwe at 42nd street.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505248
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; 94 years ago today, what New York born oil baron became the worlds first billionaire?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Reclusive heiress Huguette Clark dies at 104 - Business - Local business - Huguette Clark mystery | NBC News Follow @billdedman NEW YORK — Huguette M. Clark, the mysterious copper heiress who became the subject of public fascination and police investigation after a century of life as a recluse, died Tuesday morning at age 104, registered under a fake name at a hospital in New York City. Her empty mansions, and a criminal investigation into the handling of her fortune, were the subject of a series of reports last year on msnbc.com. The criminal investigation continues into the handling of her money by her attorney and accountant, with detectives and a forensic accountant poring over the many years of Clark's financial records. An assistant district attorney was able to visit with Clark in the hospital, more than once, and to have a conversation with her, in both French and English. A state grand jury in Manhattan issued subpoenas for documents. It could be months before the investigation's conclusion is known. Though she inherited one of the great mining fortunes of the 19th century, she lived quietly into the 21st century, secluded in a spartan hospital room for more than two decades despite being in relatively good physical health. Intensely shy, in the last year of her life she became a subject of public fascination, a trending topic of searches on Google and Yahoo, pictured on the cover of the New York tabloids, with fan pages on Facebook, a biography on Wikipedia, and her story read by tens of millions — though the last known photograph of her was made in 1930. After msnbc.com reported her death Tuesday morning, based on sources at the hospital, her attorney issued a brief statement of confirmation: \"Madame Clark's passing is a sad event for everyone who loved and respected her over the years,\" said Michael McKeon, spokesman for attorney Wallace \"Wally\" Bock. \"She died as she wanted, with dignity and privacy. We intend to continue to respect her wishes for privacy.\" The cause of death was not disclosed. She was just two weeks short of her 105th birthday, on June 9. In recent years her eyesight had failed and her hearing was weak, and at times she had been unwilling to eat. She was moved in mid-April from her private room at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York up to its medical intensive care unit, then in mid-May to a room with hospice care. She had been living at the hospital under pseudonyms — the latest was Harriet Chase — in a guarded room with full-time private nurses. Her hospital room number didn't even exist — outside her room on the 3rd floor, a card with the fake room number \"1B\" and the name \"Chase\" was taped over the actual room number. When she was moved to intensive care, room 1B was cleared of her belongings, and the card was removed. Huguette Clark has been almost entirely alone, aside from her private nurse and occasional visits by her accountant. One of her former attorneys represented her for 20 years without meeting her face to face, instead talking through a closed door. Advertise She outlived her closest friend and social secretary, Suzanne Pierre, who was also French and the widow of Huguette's doctor. Madame Pierre died this spring after suffering from Alzheimer's disease in recent years. A decade ago, Clark gave her a gift of $10 million by selling a painting. Born to high society and scandal Huguette (pronounced \"u-GET\") Marcelle Clark was born in Paris on June 9, 1906, the youngest child of U.S. Sen. William Andrews Clark of Montana (1839-1925), known as one of the copper kings. When she was a child, her father was described by The New York Times as either the richest or second-richest American, neck and neck with John D. Rockefeller. W.A. Clark made a fortune in copper mining in Montana and Arizona, and owned banks, railroads, newspapers, sugar, tea, timber, real estate and many other investments. He served one full term in the Senate as a Democrat from Montana, from 1901 to 1907, despite having to give up the seat earlier in 1900 in a scandal involving bribes paid to legislators to se",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505249
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What operating system has versions called Ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean, and Lollipop?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Android - History Battery Now On Tap Get assistance without having to leave what you’re doing—whether you’re in an app or on a website. Just tap and hold the home button. Permissions Define what you want to share with apps on your device and when. Turn permissions off at any time, too. Battery Enjoy a battery that works smarter, not harder. Marshmallow optimizes your juice for what matters most with features like Doze and App Standby. Android 6.0 Marshmallow Now there’s s’more to love about your mobile device: easy shortcuts to smart answers with Now on Tap, battery life that can last longer and new app permissions that give you more control. Learn more Notifications Material Design Android gets an entirely new look and feel that makes it easier to navigate your device. Based on shadows and motion, Material Design unites the classic principles of good design with the innovation of what’s possible through technology. Multiscreen With Lollipop you can seamlessly move from your phone to your tablet, Android Wear watch, or Android TV. Since Lollipop works on all your devices, you can pick up where you left off with songs, apps, photos, and even recent searches. Notifications Notifications move to the lock screen where they appear in neatly segmented cards. Catch up at a glance, or even view and respond to messages directly from your lock screen. Granular controls let you customize the content appearing on your lock screen. Android 5.0 Lollipop Android arrives on screens big and small - from phones and tablets to watches, TVs and cars. Lollipop has a bold visual style and the fluid tactile response of Material Design. Learn more Smart dialer Voice: Ok Google Get things done without touching your screen. Just say “Ok Google” to launch voice search, send a text, get directions or even play a song. Immersive design Immerse yourself in what you’re doing. Whether you’re reading a book, playing a game, or watching a movie, KitKat’s immersive design hides everything except what you really want to see. Smart dialer KitKat prioritizes the contacts you talk to most and you can search for nearby places directly from the dialer. Whenever you get a call from an unknown phone number, your phone will look for matches from local listings on Google Maps. Learn more Android 4.4 KitKat Android KitKat helped you get things done with just the sound of your voice - just say “Ok Google” to launch voice search, send a text, get directions or even play a song. And when you are hands on with your device, a new immersive design brings your content to center stage. Learn more Account switching Google Now Get the information you need at just the right time with Google Now. Pioneering a new level of mobile assistance, Google Now gives you today’s weather as you’re getting dressed and commute times before you walk out the door. Actionable notifications With Jelly Bean, notifications expand to show more information and let you respond in the moment; take action directly from the notification. Account switching Jelly Bean enabled multiple users on one device. Each account has its own customized space from home screen to wallpaper, widgets and apps so you can share a device and not your info. Multi-user launched with tablets and later rolled out to phones with Lollipop. Android 4.1 Jelly Bean Intelligence permeated all facets of Jelly Bean which ushered in the era of personalized mobile assistance with Google Now. It also made notifications more actionable and allowed one device to work for multiple user accounts. Learn more Android Beam Custom home screen Ice Cream Sandwich introduced app folders and a favorites tray. Widgets, which embed live app content directly on your home screen, became more flexible: expand your widget to show more content or shrink to save space. Data usage control Manage your network data usage to keep mobile costs under control. Track how much data you use, set warning levels and hard limits, and disable your service if you reach the limit. Android Beam Futuristic at the time, Android Beam allowed two phones to instantly share cont",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505250
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which pop star called one of his children Dandelion?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Keith Richards pictured in public with love child Dandelion | Daily Mail Online comments She may not be a famous face, but the woman seen with Keith Richards once teetered on the brink of musical history. Pictured with the rock star in public for the first time as they dined in London on Tuesday is Dandelion – the child who almost broke up the Rolling Stones. The 38-year-old, Richards’s daughter by Anita Pallenberg, was born at the height of the band’s success, during their days of wild partying. Love child: Keith Richards dined with his daughter Dandelion, who uses her middle name, Angie, in London after his book signing Extraordinarily, Richards apparently believed that the baby had been fathered by Mick Jagger while he was too befuddled by heroin to notice. The fall-out from that argument between Jagger and Richards would go on for years. And Richards makes much of the two men’s rocky relationship in his recently released autobiography. Around the time Miss Pallenberg became pregnant, in the summer of 1971, she was also addicted to heroin. She would shoot up three times daily while on tour with the band. Strung out: Anita Pallenberg and Richards, pictured in 1969, were addicted to heroin when Dandelion was conceived - she had to be looked after by his mother And Dandelion, who now uses her middle name Angela, was brought up by Richards’s mother, in Dartford, Kent, because her own mother was too drug-addled to care for her. Miss Pallenberg, who was living with Richards in the South of France when she discovered that she was pregnant, asked Richards’s PA to arrange for her to have an abortion. But although she asked several times for flights to be booked so she could have a termination at home, she never took them. RELATED ARTICLES Share In time, everyone accepted that the child was Richards’s. And, demonstrating how deeply he cared for the baby, the rock star wrote Wild Horses and Angie about her. When his mother died in 2007, Richards installed his daughter in a large estate with an equestrian school in West Wittering, on the Sussex coast. Today, she, her mother and her father all live as neighbours on their three separate sprawling estates near Chichester. And as father and daughter dined at the Ivy Club in Soho this week, with Richards’s wife Patti Henson and his son Marlon by Miss Pallenberg, 66, it is obvious the family bond is as strong as ever.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505251
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Obelix and Dogmatix are companions of which eponymous Frenco-Belgian comic book character?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "NAMES OF FICTIONAL DOGS - A list of fictional dogs from literature, movies etc. from Chinaroad Lowchens of Australia - BRANDON, Golden Retriever on Punky Brewster BUCK, from Married... with Children BUDDY, Veronica Chase's Bulldog on Veronica's Closet CHARLIE DOG, a Looney Tunes character BULLET, the Wonder Dog, Roy Rogers' German Shepherd on The Roy Rogers Show CHESTER, spoiled Pomeranian belonging to Cece Babcock on The Nanny CLAUDE, Mrs. Drysdale's Poodle on The Beverly Hillbillies COMET, the family Golden retriever on Full House CYNTHIA, Mr. Haney's Basset hound on Green Acres DIEFENBAKER, the half-wolf dog from Due South DOIDLE, spoiled dog of Vicky the Babysitter in The Fairly Oddparents DREYFUS, the St. Bernard mix on Empty Nest DUKE, Jed Clampett's Bloodhound on The Beverly Hillbillies EARNEST, Dave Barry's dog on Dave's World EDDIE, the Jack Russell Terrier from Frasier FANG (or Dog), Columbo's Basset hound FLASH, The Basset Hound from The Dukes of Hazzard FRED, \"Little Ricky's\" puppy in I Love Lucy FREEWAY, the Lowchen in Hart to Hart television series HAPPY, from 7th Heaven K-9, a canoid robot in Doctor Who COMMANDER K-9, sidekick/subordinate of Marvin the Martian K-9 COP AUGIE DOGGIE, and Doggie Daddy by Hanna-Barbera BABY CINNAMON, friend of Hello Kitty BAD DOG!, An early animated computer screen saver BANDIT, Jonny Quest's terrier BARFY, comic strip Family Circus 1864-1946 BEAUREGARD, the Bloodhound in Walt Kelly's Pogo BELLE, the white mountain dog, co-star of Belle et S�bastien BELVEDERE, comic strip Belvedere 1864-1946 B. H., CALCUTTA, the bloodhound with no sense of smell in British comic strip The Perishers BILL, a cocker dog from the comic strip Boule et Bill BLACK BOB, formerly from the British comic The Dandy BLUE, in Blue's Clues BOOT, companion of the boy Wellington in The Perishers BRAIN, from Inspector Gadget BRIAN GRIFFIN, cynical, substance-abusing, talking dog on Family Guy BRUNO, apparently a bloodhound cross, in Disney's Cinderella BUCKLES, comic strip Buckles 1895-1972 BUTCH, bulldog from the Tom and Jerry cartoons CATDOG, eponymous star of the Nickelodeon TV show. See also List of fictional cats CHACHA, a dog reincarnated into a toy car, from the anime I Love Bubu Chacha CHARLIE DOG, \"Looney Tunes\" character created by Chuck Jones CHESTER, the Terrier from Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies CHURCHILL, a bulldog in the form of a talking \"nodding dog\" car accessory, UK television ads CLIFFORD, the Big Red Dog CORNEIL, talking dog from Corneil and Bernie. COURAGE, the Cowardly Dog CUBITUS, the fat round white dog, from the eponymous Belgian comic by Dupa DAISY, the Dagwood Bumstead family dog in Blondie DEPUTY DAWG DINO, in The Flintstones, a metaphorical dog DINSDALE, the dog from Rubbish, King of the Jumble DOGBERT, the assertive dog owned by the unassertive Dilbert DOGG, from Milestone Comics' Blood Syndicate DOGGIE DADDY, by Hanna-Barbera DOGMATIX, faithful companion to Obelix in the UK translation of the Asterix comic books DOGTANIAN, the three Muskehounds and the majority of the other characters in the series DR. DOPPLER, humanoid canine in Disney's Treasure Planet DOUGAL, a hairy philosophical dog in stop-motion animated show The Magic Roundabout DROOPALONG, Sheriff Ricochet Rabbit's sidekick EDGAR, comic strip For Better or Worse 1911-1967 EIN, the Corgi in the anime series Cowboy Bebop ELECTRA, comic strip Cathy 1902-1984 FARLEY, comic strip For Better or Worse 1911-1998 FAT DOG, Mendoza FIFI, the Peke, Pluto's girlfriend FIFI, Lynda Barry's Poodle with a Mohawk - \"You'll never call him Fifi again!\" FIFI, the Finsters' family pet in Rugrats FILYA, on the TV screens since 1970s in the Russian Good night, the little ones! FLORENCE AMBROSE, a genetically-engineered \"Bowman's Wolf\" in the comic strip Freefall FUZZ, comic strip Ziggy 1895-1990 GNASHER, from the British comic strips Dennis the Menace and Gnasher and Gnipper GNIPPER, Gnasher's son, from the British comic strips Dennis the Menace GOOFY, Disney character, a dog with human",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505252
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; An eft is an alternative name for which creature?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "EFT - Emotional Freedom Technique Your Country: Imagine for a moment a healing modality that in short period of time has become a highly valued method of more than five thousand mainstream and alternative practitioners in dozens of countries. Imagine further that it does not involve surgery, drugs or any equipment. There is such a healing modality - Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT)! EFT is based on the ancient principles of acupuncture and modern Einstein theory. It involves simple tapping procedure without the discomfort of needles. Properly applied, EFT quickly realigns the energy meridians while the client \"tunes in\" to their problem in a gentle, conversational manner. In this way an important link is established between mind and body. Jasmina Kovacev - EFT Expert Private sessions are in person or over the phone or internet and are arranged on 64 4 565 3888 or email: efthelp@gmail.com Phone sessions and sessions over the internet are the choice of many of my international and distant clients. Feel free to look at testimonial part of the web site. Gary Craig, the founder of EFT would say \"Try it on everything!\" Our unresolved negative emotions are major contributors to most physical pains and diseases. Isn't that scary? The great thing is that there is a way it can be resolved. The missing link is finally in place and spreading fast. Master’s training in Denver 2006. Gary Craig and Jasmina Kovacev Three main areas of EFT application EFT can eliminate any emotional intensity that you do not need/want and that is limiting you in your daily life and causing issues of any kind. EFT can eliminate beliefs that we adopted due to conditioning from our parents, peers, teachers, society in general, that aren't necessarily serving us.. Eg. Diabetes runs in our family; money is the root of all evil; if you are with no pain after 40 you better pinch yourself to make sure you are still alive; you have to work hard to make money, Does any of that sound familiar? Do you want to live the life of those whose programs you adopted? Surely it would be better to have your own beliefs that are serving you. EFT can be used to implement new goals and help you achieve what you want out of life.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505253
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What colour is the heraldic colour sable?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Colors of Heraldry - Knowledge Base, HouseofNames.com Colors of Heraldry Gules (Red) Red, with the former name of Belic, is the military colour for excellence and fortitude. Red corresponds to the metal copper and is denoted in engravings by numerous perpendicular lines. It also represents fire and summer. Ancient laws restricted its use to princes and their families. Red is symbolic of nobility, boldness and ferocity. Purpure (Purple) Purple is a rare colour in early rolls of arms. In heraldic terms it is referred to as �purpure.� This is the traditional colour of kings and royalty, and therefore, signifies justice and majesty. In engravings, it is expressed by lines in bend sinister, or slanting to the left. Tawny (Orange) An orange is the name given to a tawny roundle, a roundle being any circular charge of colour or metal. It is supposed to represent a tennis ball. Tennis was once a game played strictly by royalty and nobles and the orange indicates that the bearer was a member of that class; however, the orange is seldom met in heraldry. Azure (blue) Blue was called \"azure\" by heralds, and represents the colour of an eastern sky on a clear day. It also corresponds to the metal tin. The word, \"azure\" was introduced from the east during the Crusades. It signifies piety and sincerity, and is equated with autumn. In engravings it is represented by horizontal lines. Sable (black) Black, the coldest of the colours, corresponds to lead. Black, or \"sable,\" is symbolic of sadness. It also corresponds with winter and is a humble color, suitable for the deeply religious. It denotes the qualities of knowledge, piety, serenity and work. Engravers represent it with numerous horizontal and vertical lines crossing each other. Vert (green) Green, or in heraldic terms, \"vert,\" signifies felicity and pleasure. It was symbolic of joy, youth and beauty. Green was also associated with the spring. The bearer of the green is obliged to defend the peasant and all who work on the land. It is expressed in engravings by lines in bend, or slanting to the right.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505254
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Brent Spiner played which character in Star Trek: The Next Generation?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Brent Spiner - IMDb IMDb Official Photos » Brent Spiner, whose primary claim to fame is his portrayal of the beloved android Data on the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987), was born and raised in Houston, Texas. His parents, Sylvia (Schwartz) and Jack Spiner, owned and operated a furniture store, and were both from Jewish immigrant families (from Austria, Hungary, and ... See full bio » Born: 74th Golden Globe Awards Jimmy Fallon may be hosting, but let IMDb be your guide to the 2017 Golden Globes with galleries, videos, lists, and more. Don't miss our live coverage of the Golden Globes beginning at 5 p.m. PST on Jan. 8 in our Golden Globes section. a list of 30 people created 22 Sep 2011 a list of 44 people created 04 Sep 2012 a list of 32 people created 08 Jun 2013 a list of 38 people created 15 Aug 2013 a list of 46 people created 03 Sep 2014 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Brent Spiner's work have you seen? User Polls 2 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards » Known For Star Trek: The Next Generation Lt. Commander Data / Lore / Dr. Noonien Soong / Annie Meyers / Bandito / Dr. Ira Graves / Eli Hollander / Frank Hollander / Henchman / Lt. Cmdr. Data / Sherlock Holmes (1987-1994) Independence Day Dr. Brakish Okun (1996) 2015-2016 Blunt Talk (TV Series) Phil 2015 The Librarians (TV Series) Puck 2015 Comedy Bang! Bang! (TV Series) The Sandman 2014 Ray Donovan (TV Series) Therapist 2013 Wendell and Vinnie (TV Series) Brent Spiner 2010-2013 Generator Rex (TV Series) Dr. Gabriel Rylander / additional voices - End Game: Part 2 (2013) ... Dr. Gabriel Rylander / additional voices (voice) - Endgame Part 1 (2013) ... Dr. Gabriel Rylander / additional voices (voice) - Target: Consortium (2012) ... Dr. Gabriel Rylander / additional voices (voice) - Dark Passage (2010) ... Dr. Gabriel Rylander (voice) 2012 The Simpsons (TV Series) Robots 2003 An Unexpected Love (TV Movie) Brad 2001 The Ponder Heart (TV Movie) Dorris Grabney 2001 A Girl Thing (TV Movie) Bob 1996 Dream On (TV Series) Dr. Strongwater 1995 Deadly Games (TV Series) Danny Schlecht 1995 Mad About You (TV Series) Bob, the Dog Agent 1989 What's Alan Watching? (TV Special) Brentwood Carter 1987 Family Sins (TV Movie) Ken McMahon 1987 Sledge Hammer! (TV Series) Soldier 1986 Sylvan in Paradise (TV Movie) Clinton C. Waddle 1986 American Playhouse (TV Series) Franz / Dennis 1986 The Twilight Zone (TV Series) Draft Dodger (segment \"Dead Run\") 1985 Crime of Innocence (TV Movie) Hinnerman 1985 Hill Street Blues (TV Series) Larry Stein 1984 The Paper Chase (TV Series) Student in Reese's Class 1981 Ryan's Hope (TV Series) Doctor examining Kim 1970 My Sweet Charlie (TV Movie) Local (uncredited) 2002 Star Trek: Nemesis (performer: \"Blue Skies\") 2001 Great Performances (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - My Favorite Broadway: The Love Songs (2001) ... (performer: \"Love is Sweeping the Country\", \"Rosie\") 2000 Geppetto (TV Movie) (performer: \"Bravo, Stromboli!\") 1987-1989 Star Trek: The Next Generation (TV Series) (performer - 3 episodes) - The Schizoid Man (1989) ... (performer: \"If I Only Had a Brain\" - uncredited) - Datalore (1988) ... (performer: \"Let's Call the Whole Thing Off (You Say 'Tomato', I say 'Tomato')\" (uncredited), \"Abdulla Bulbul Amir\") - Encounter at Farpoint (1987) ... (performer: \"Pop! Goes the Weasel \" - uncredited) Hide 2011 The Captains (Documentary) (special thanks) Hide 2016 Home & Family (TV Series) Himself 2016 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) Himself 2012 From the Mouths of Babes (TV Series documentary) Himself (2016) 2011 Those Video Guys (TV Series) Himself 2010 Guten Abend RTL (TV Series) Himself 2009 Family Guy (TV Series) Himself 2003 Charlie Rose (TV Series) Himself - Guest 2003 Working in the Theatre (TV Series documentary) Himself 2002 Richard & Judy (TV Series) Himself 2001 Best of British (TV Series) Himself 2001 Hollywood Remembers Walter Matthau (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2001 Great Performances (TV Series) Himself 2000 CBS Cares (TV Series) Himself 1997",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505255
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Portuguese explorer discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East - thought to be impossible at the time - in 1497??",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East. - ppt download Download Presentation is loading. Please wait. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East. Published by Montana Hudgins Modified over 2 years ago Embed Similar presentations More Presentation on theme: \"Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East.\"— Presentation transcript: 1 2 Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who discovered an ocean route from Portugal to the East. 3 Da Gama was born to a noble family in Sines, Portugal. Da Gama's father Estavao was also an explorer. He was to have made the sea voyage from Portugal to India that eventually made his son famous, but the elder da Gama died before completing the journey. 4 Vasco da Gama sailed from Lisbon, Portugal, on July 8, 1497, heading to the East. At the time, many people thought that da Gama's trip would be impossible because it was assumed that the Indian Ocean was not connected to any other seas. Da Gama's patron was King Manuel I of Portugal. 5 Da Gama rounded Africa's Cape of Good Hope on November 22, and continued on to India. After many stops in Africa, and problems with Muslim traders who did not want interference in their profitable trade routes, da Gama reached Calicut, India on May 20, 1498. 6 At first, da Gama and his trading were well-received, but this did not last for long. Da Gama left India on August 29, 1498, after he was told to pay a large tax and leave all of his trading goods. When he left, da Gama took his goods with him, together with some Indian hostages. 7 Da Gama returned to Lisbon, Portugal, in September, Along the way many crew members died from scurvy (a disease caused by a lack of Vitamin C). Upon his return, da Gama was treated as a hero and was rewarded by the king. 8 King Manuel I of Portugal then sent da Gama, now an Admiral, on another expedition to India ( ). On this second trip, da Gama took 20 armed ships (anticipating problems from Muslim traders). On this voyage, da Gama killed hundreds of Muslims, often brutally, in order to demonstrate his power. 9 After King Manuel's death, King John III sent da Gama to India as a Portuguese viceroy (the King's representative in India). Vasco da Gama died of an illness in India on December 24, 1524; his remains were returned to Portugal for burial.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505256
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Stan Smith is the main character of which American animated television series?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "See More Stan Smith is the main character of the animated television series American Dad! Stan is a Central Intelligence Agency a...gent and, later on in the series, promoted Deputy-Deputy Director, placing him on the third tier of importance in the C.I.A. under Deputy-Director Bullock and the currently unidentified Director. Although once a field agent, he is now a weapons expert. However, he does execute the occasional regime change in Latin America. Stan attended John DeLorean High School in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Stan was a very unpopular student and had terrible acne. He got pranked by the popular students while at the prom by being crushed by falling pigs which was a parody of Stephen King's Carrie, where pigs blood is dropped from the roof, but one of the pranksters only read \"pigs\", and not \"blood\". Because the school is named after John DeLorean, who was born in Michigan, it is likely that Stan is from Michigan, although it has been shown that Stan lived in New York in 1970. 20 years ago, Stan, then a college student, met his future wife Francine. She was hitch-hiking and Stan gave her a ride. As he was driving, he accidentally ran over a raccoon, which he shot and killed to put it out of its misery. Francine thought it was the most compassionate act she ever saw, and he got to kill something. They started dating and got married later that same year. At some point in Stan's childhood, he was given bad advice about sex, leading to Stan's belief that masturbation would lead to hair growing on his palms and his eyes melting, a belief which Stan almost passed on to his son. As a result of an acne treatment he took as a teenager, Stan is completely bald, and wears a hairpiece. As a running joke in the series, Stan's full first name is left ambiguous and is often even deliberately changed to confuse the audience. Up to season 4 he is called Stanley (the most common English name for which \"Stan\" is an abbreviation); however, in One Little Word and other episodes he is called Staniel, and in Choosy Wives Choose Smith he is called Stanford. He has been called both Staniel and Stanford by his wife, Francine. See more",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505257
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Nephrolithiasis is the medical name for which condition?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Kidney stones - Mayo Clinic Kidney stones Kidney stones Kidney stones (renal lithiasis, nephrolithiasis) are small, hard mineral deposits that form inside your kidneys. The stones are made of mineral and acid salts. Kidney stones have many causes and can affect any part of your urinary tract — from your kidneys to your bladder. Often, stones form when the urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and stick together. Passing kidney stones can be quite painful, but the stones usually cause no permanent damage. Depending on your situation, you may need nothing more than to take pain medication and drink lots of water to pass a kidney stone. In other instances — for example, if stones become lodged in the urinary tract or cause complications — surgery may be needed. Your doctor may recommend preventive treatment to reduce your risk of recurrent kidney stones if you're at increased risk of developing them again. References Goldman L, et al. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2012. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 10, 2014. Kidney stones in adults. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/stonesadults/index.htm. Accessed Dec. 10, 2014. Diet for kidney stone prevention. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/KUDiseases/pubs/kidneystonediet/index.aspx. Accessed Dec. 10, 2014. Rakel D. Integrative Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2012. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 10, 2014. Curhan GC, et al. Diagnosis and acute management of suspected nephrolithiasis in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Dec. 10, 2014. Preminger GM, et al. The first kidney stone and asymptomatic nephrolithiasis in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Dec. 10, 2014. Humphreys MR (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Ariz. Jan. 21, 2015. Anderson CF (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Jan. 16, 2015. Wein AJ, et al. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 10th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2012. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 10, 2014. Signs and symptoms of parathyroid disease. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons. http://endocrinediseases.org/parathyroid/symptoms_kidney_stones.shtml. Accessed Jan. 15, 2015. Cook AJ. Decision Support System. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Oct. 8, 2014. Kidney stone treatment: Shock wave lithotripsy. National Kidney Foundation. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidneystones_ShockWave. Accessed Feb. 5, 2015. Products and Services",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505258
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The group of Buckinghamshire villages known as 'The Chalfonts' comprises Little Chalfont, Chalfont St. Peters and Chafont St... What?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Little Chalfont Little Chalfont History of Little Chalfont Little Chalfont is situated in the county of Buckinghamshire, on the edge of the Chiltern Hills and about 30 miles from central London. The Metropolitan Railway reached Little Chalfont in 1889. However, the village didn't really develop until the 1920's when land was released for housing to become part of Sir John Betjeman's \"Metroland\". The present population is around 6000. The station is served by London Underground Metropolitan line and by Chiltern Railways resulting in excellent transport to and from London; Marylebone station can be reached in little over 30 minutes. The village has a post office and a building society as well as a pharmacy, a Tesco Express and about 30 other shops. There are three dental practices, a doctors surgery and an optician. There are many places to eat including Chinese, Indian and Italian restaurants. The ‘Sugar Loaf’ public house and the White Lion Inn both serve food. There are two Primary Schools plus Dr. Challoner’s (Girls) High School. There are three churches; Anglican, Methodist and Roman Catholic. The Village Hall is centrally positioned next to the library. A major employer is GE Healthcare with three sites in the Village including its world headquarters. The head office of ‘The Entertainer’, a large toy retailer, is situated in the village. Little Chalfont became a separate Parish in 2007 following a poll of local people who overwhelmingly voted in favour. The new Parish comprises the old Little Chalfont ward of Amersham Town Council plus what was previously the northern part of Chalfont St. Giles. 2nd Saturday of each month 9.00 - 1.00 p.m. Village Hall and car park Farmers’ Market Thames Valley Farmers’ Market Co-operative Good quality produce Download leaflet for full details including response form Threat to Green Belt The District Council is preparing a Local Plan which will set out policies used to determine planning matters in the period to 2036. The process includes a review of the green belt and parts of Little Chalfont were identified as areas which might be removed from the green belt to allow for additional housing. The preferred options paper has now been published which shows one large area of the village has been included. The full details can be read on a leaflet which has been distributed to all homes in Little Chalfont. To download a copy, click here To learn more and support the ‘Save Little Chalfont’ campaign click here For Facebook page, Click here Invitation to join the Click here for more details Little Chalfont Community Action Plan The present action plan has been very successful in bringing about a range of village improvement projects, which you, the community, told us were important. The plan now needs to be refreshed and, as it is YOUR plan, we need you to tell us what should be included. For a leaflet explaining the need to Refresh the Community Action Plan plus the questions to answer click here For a Microsoft Word document that can be used to respond to the questions click here For a copy of the present Community Action Plan click here",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505259
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"What type of speech includes the words \"\"for\"\", \"\"and\"\", \"\"nor\"\", \"\"but\"\", \"\"or\"\", \"\"yet\"\", and \"\"so\"\"?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Parts of Speech: Conjunctions: The Ties That Bind wherever And a few examples culled from actual insurance forms: The guy was all over the road so I had to swerve a couple of times before I finally hit him. I had been driving for 40 years when I fell asleep at the wheel and had an accident. Fit to Be Tied Underline the conjunctions in each sentence. Never argue with an idiot. They drag you down to their level, then beat you with experience. Don't be irreplaceable—if you can't be replaced, you can't be promoted. After any salary raise, you will have less money at the end of the month than you did before. When you don't know what to do, walk fast and look worried. You can go anywhere you want if you look serious and carry a clipboard. As I told you, work with me, baby. Since my car is costlier, newer, and flashier than yours, I have the right-of-way. No sense being pessimistic because it probably wouldn't work anyway Unless you have a doctor's note, it is illegal to buy ice cream after 6 P.M. in Newark, New Jersey. When confronted by a difficult problem, you can solve it more easily by reducing it to the question, “How would the Lone Ranger handle this?” Answers",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505260
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Which admiral was executed in 1759, for \"\"failing to do his utmost\"\", during the Battle of Minorca?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "‘To Encourage the Others’ – Admiral Byng’s Execution Was a Grim Warning to Royal Navy Officers: ‘Do Your Utmost!’ | militaryhistorynow.com ‘To Encourage the Others’ – Admiral Byng’s Execution Was a Grim Warning to Royal Navy Officers: ‘Do Your Utmost!’ • 1 Comment Vice Admiral John Byng failed to “do his utmost” to prevent the French from capturing the island of Minorca in 1756. As a result, he faced the humiliation of a firing squad on his very own flagship. (Image source: WikiCommons) “Byng’s death had a profound impact on the navy, as it did encourage others to fight and greatly contributed to Britain’s victory in the Seven Years’ War.” By George Yagi Jr. ON MARCH 14, 1757, Royal Navy Vice Admiral John Byng boarded his flagship HMS Monarch for what would be the last time. As the 52-year-old officer waited on the quarterdeck in the company of nine marine guards, instructions were passed to all the men-of-war at anchor nearby in Spithead to dispatch their officers to the 74-gun ship of the line to witness the spectacle that had been planned. As the clock struck twelve, a captain by the name of John Montagu stepped forward from the small crowd that had assembled on the Monarch to inform Byng that it was time — the admiral’s execution was at hand. Byng took his place beside a green velvet cushion, which was set in the middle of an open canvas. With his own two hands, he arranged a blindfold over his eyes then knelt as six marines levelled their muskets at him. Byng clutched a red and white handkerchief, which after a moment’s pause he dropped to the ground. It was the pre-arranged signal to open fire. The marines immediately discharged their muskets at their kneeling commander. As smoke filled the quarterdeck, Byng fell to the deck dead. He would be the last admiral to be executed in the history of the Royal Navy. The “Byng Principle” Vice Admiral John Byng. (Image source: WikiCommons) Sentenced to death for failing to “do his utmost” at the disastrous Battle of Minorca , many historians have since held Byng up as a scapegoat for the Admiralty’s and British government’s own failures at prosecuting the Seven Years’ War . Despite widespread sympathy for the disgraced Byng, including voices from the new government formed under Secretary of State William Pitt , the king refused to heed the call for clemency. On learning of the execution, the French writer, philosopher and playwright Voltaire satirically wrote that the British needed to occasionally execute an admiral from time to time, “in order to encourage the others.” Although his comments were written as a form of mockery, surprisingly, the observation was entirely accurate. Byng’s role in the Minorca fiasco led to what was darkly termed in the Royal Navy the “Byng Principle,” which meant that “nothing is to be undertaken where there is risk or danger.” This sardonic term served as a cautionary reminder to naval officers of the sort of conduct that should be avoided in battle. And just or not, Byng’s death was to instill in them an aggressive fighting spirit that would succeed in turning the war in favour of Britain. John Byng might have given chase to the French fleet at Minorca, instead he withdrew to Gibraltar and left the island to its fate. (Image source: WikiCommons) Failure at Minorca Unlike his successors, Byng was not an aggressive commander. From the outset of his mission to assist the besieged garrison at Minorca, Byng was highly pessimistic about the success of the operation. His orders of March 30 stated, “[I]f you find any attack made upon that island by the French, you are to use all possible means in your power for its relief.” Before even arriving off Minorca, Byng was already making preparations for the defence of Gibraltar. On reaching the Rock, Byng refused to transport 700 soldiers from the garrison to reinforce Fort St. Philip , arguing that they would be a lost when the island fell. He also claimed that the besieging enemy’s cannon would make it impossible to conduct a landing. When the squadron arrived off Minorca, Byng completely failed to carry",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505261
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; At which English university was J. R. R. Tolkein a professor when he wrote The Lord Of The Rings?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Biography – The Tolkien Society J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biographical Sketch By David Doughan MBE Who was Tolkien? Photo by Pamela Chandler. © Diana Willson. Used with permission. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892-1973) was a major scholar of the English language, specialising in Old and Middle English. Twice Professor of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) at the University of Oxford, he also wrote a number of stories, including most famously The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955), which are set in a pre-historic era in an invented version of our world which he called by the Middle English name of Middle-earth. This was peopled by Men (and women), Elves, Dwarves, Trolls, Orcs (or Goblins) and of course Hobbits. He has regularly been condemned by the Eng. Lit. establishment, with honourable exceptions, but loved by literally millions of readers worldwide. In the 1960s he was taken up by many members of the nascent “counter-culture” largely because of his concern with environmental issues. In 1997 he came top of three British polls, organised respectively by Channel 4 / Waterstone’s, the Folio Society, and SFX, the UK’s leading science fiction media magazine, amongst discerning readers asked to vote for the greatest book of the 20th century. Please note also that his name is spelt Tolkien (there is no “Tolkein”). Childhood and Youth The name “Tolkien” (pron.: Tol-keen; equal stress on both syllables) is believed to be of German origin; Toll-kühn: foolishly brave, or stupidly clever – hence the pseudonym “Oxymore” which he occasionally used. His father’s side of the family appears to have migrated from Saxony in the 18th century, but over the century and a half before his birth had become thoroughly Anglicised. Certainly his father, Arthur Reuel Tolkien, considered himself nothing if not English. Arthur was a bank clerk, and went to South Africa in the 1890s for better prospects of promotion. There he was joined by his bride, Mabel Suffield, whose family were not only English through and through, but West Midlands since time immemorial. So John Ronald (“Ronald” to family and early friends) was born in Bloemfontein, S.A., on 3 January 1892. His memories of Africa were slight but vivid, including a scary encounter with a large hairy spider, and influenced his later writing to some extent; slight, because on 15 February 1896 his father died, and he, his mother and his younger brother Hilary returned to England – or more particularly, the West Midlands. The West Midlands in Tolkien’s childhood were a complex mixture of the grimly industrial Birmingham conurbation, and the quintessentially rural stereotype of England, Worcestershire and surrounding areas: Severn country, the land of the composers Elgar, Vaughan Williams and Gurney, and more distantly the poet A. E. Housman (it is also just across the border from Wales). Tolkien’s life was split between these two: the then very rural hamlet of Sarehole, with its mill, just south of Birmingham; and darkly urban Birmingham itself, where he was eventually sent to King Edward’s School. By then the family had moved to King’s Heath, where the house backed onto a railway line – young Ronald’s developing linguistic imagination was engaged by the sight of coal trucks going to and from South Wales bearing destinations like” Nantyglo”,” Penrhiwceiber” and “Senghenydd”. Then they moved to the somewhat more pleasant Birmingham suburb of Edgbaston. However, in the meantime, something of profound significance had occurred, which estranged Mabel and her children from both sides of the family: in 1900, together with her sister May, she was received into the Roman Catholic Church. From then on, both Ronald and Hilary were brought up in the faith of Pio Nono, and remained devout Catholics throughout their lives. The parish priest who visited the family regularly was the half-Spanish half-Welsh Father Francis Morgan. Tolkien family life was generally lived on the genteel side of poverty. However, the situation worsened in 1904, when Mabel Tolkien was diagnosed as having diabetes, usually fatal in tho",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505262
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On which racecourse did Frankie Dettori win all seven races on the card in 1996?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Frankie Dettori's Magnificent 7 » Great British Racing Frankie Dettori's Magnificent 7 7 October 2015 Frankie Dettori achieved a near-impossible feat when winning all seven races on the card at Ascot in September 1996, including winning the prestigious Queen Elizabeth II Stakes. The cumulative odds of these wins was 25,051-1, and earned one lucky punter an incredible £500,000 when Dettori completed his ‘Magnificent Seven’. This was a landmark day for British horseracing, and made a hero of Dettori, while stripping stunned bookmakers of millions. He was already a well-known jockey before the Magnificent Seven, but the achievement made him a household name. We take a look back at the races that made up this momentous day. 1. Wall Street - 2/1 On the day that he single-handedly cost the betting industry more than £30 million, it seems fitting that Frankie Dettori’s first ride was called Wall Street. He guided the three-year-old colt home over the mile and a half course to claim his first victory of the afternoon in the Cumberland Lodge Stakes. At 2/1 odds, this was not the most surprising of Dettori’s winners of the day, but it set him up for a day of success. 2. Diffident – 12/1 Diffident had had a series of disappointing results, and it was considered that Frankie Dettori had little chance of victory on the 12/1 shot. However, the Diadem Stakes was run fairly slowly, and this went in Diffident’s favour to result in winner number two of the day. This was the standout run of Diffident’s seven career wins, and he was sent to be a stallion in India. He stood at the Poonawalla Stud, at Pune, where he has sired local Guineas and Oaks winners. 3. Mark of Esteem – 100/30 The race came down to a two-way battle between Mark of Esteem and Henry Cecil’s impressive filly Bosra Sham. Dettori asked the horse for maximum effort with a furlong to go, and passed Bosra Sham and Pat Eddery to claim the third victory in the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes. This win made him the best in Europe that year. He was later retired to Darley Stud, where he sired Derby winner Sir Percy and top sprinter Reverance. 4. Decorated Hero – 7/1 Another aptly named charge carried Dettori to his fourth win in the Tote Festival Handicap – at a relatively modest 7/1. The field had 26 runners, and Decorated Hero carried the top weight of 9st13lb, so Dettori’s chances of winning looked slim. Despite this, his luck continued to bound along he pulled off a three-and-a-half length fourth victory. The horse raced for two more seasons, winning 14 of his 33 races, before finding a home at the British Racing School in Newmarket, where he helped to teach aspiring jockeys. 5. Fatefully – 7/4 This was a narrow victory in the Rosemary Stakes, claimed from Dettori’s friend and rival Ray Cochrane aboard Abeyr. Cochrane recalls: “As we pulled up, the horses were very close. I said, ‘Is anyone else getting a chance today?’” Fatefully won once more before becoming a broodmare at Gainsborough Stud. She produced several foals, including Nassau Stakes winner Favourable Terms. 6. Lochangel – 5/4 Triumph on Lochangel in the Blue Seal Stakes continued an astonishing afternoon for Dettori as he returned to the winners’ enclosure for the sixth time. This was the horse’s maiden two-year-old victory, and she subsequently went on to win the Nunthorpe Stakes at four years old. She was later retired to Littleton Stud. 7. Fujiyama Crest – 2/1 The BBC interrupted its traditional Grandstand coverage to broadcast the live action from Ascot as bookies slashed the odds for Dettori’s final mount, Fujiyama Crest. He set off as 2/1 favourite for the Gordon Carter Handicap, having started the day at 12/1. Nobody thought the horse would win, especially carrying the top weight of 10 stone, but he held off the fast-finishing Northern Fleet to seal Dettori’s place in the history books. Fujiyama Crest had a mixed career after winning this race, descending to claiming company after a few changes of stable. He was happily retired as the Dettori family pet.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505263
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The song Don’t Rain On My Parade features in which musical?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Don't Rain on My Parade - Barbra Streisand | Song Info | AllMusic Don't Rain on My Parade google+ Song Review by Matthew Greenwald From the hit Broadway musical Funny Girl, \"Don't Rain on My Parade\" proved to be one of the most popular songs of its era, covered by everyone from Frank Sinatra to Bobby Darin, whose epic version also graced the excellent American Beauty soundtrack. But this early version by Barbra Streisand is indeed the most definitive. Filled with a bouncy, Tin Pan Alley spice, the song's melody revolves around some dramatic tempo changes, with the punctuation of the lyrics adding to the percussive feel of the song. Lyrically, it's a song of emancipation and freedom, a personal declaration of independence. The almost comical angst in the words are neatly strung together by Streisand here, with some of her fastest phrasing to date. The brilliant arrangement by Walter Schraf is icing on the cake and makes this one of the best pop/MOR records of the era. Appears On",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505264
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; From the film 'Top Gun' in 1986, what was the No.1 hit song for Berlin?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "‘There Is No ‘Top Gun’ Without Maverick’ — ‘Top Gun’ Sequel To Include Tom Cruise? ‘There Is No ‘Top Gun’ Without Maverick’ — ‘Top Gun’ Sequel To Include Tom Cruise? Now that executives have confirmed that there will be a Top Gun sequel, the next question many are asking is, will it include everyone’s favorite fighter pilot, Maverick? Guess who’s playing Maverick in the “Top Gun” sequel? http://t.co/4WH5CKY0PM pic.twitter.com/w6dMiQ5FYU — Variety (@Variety) June 28, 2015 While confirming the creation of the Top Gun sequel, Skydance Productions CEO, David Ellison, talked about his latest venture, for which the screenplay is still being worked on. According to Variety, Ellison revealed part of the plot at a press junket for Terminator: Genisys in Berlin, saying, “ Justin Marks is writing the screenplay right now . He has a phenomenal take to really update that world for what fighter pilots in the Navy has turned into today.” So what exactly does the Navy’s fighter pilots have to face today? “It is very much a world we live in today where it’s drone technology , and fifth-generation fighters are really what the United States Navy is calling the last man-made fighter that we’re actually going to produce, so it’s really [about] exploring the ‘end of an era’ of dogfighting and fighter pilots and what that culture is today,” said Ellison, as seen in Rolling Stone. So the Top Gun sequel is going to focus on Navy fighter pilots fighting drones. But more importantly which pilots will be there? Ellison hinted that “There is no Top Gun without Maverick.” But does that mean that it will be the real Maverick? “It is going to be Maverick playing Maverick,” added Ellison. And according to New York Daily News, the Top Gun sequel won’t just feature a cameo for Maverick; “ Cruise is set to have a starring role .” Ellison stated, “There is an amazing role for Maverick in the movie.” Fans of the original Top Gun can now breathe a sigh of relief. Top Gun 2 is confirmed. Great balls of fire— is another fly-by too good to be true?!?! #GooseRIP http://t.co/Frztpwv090 — Corey Nascenzi (@cnascenzi) June 29, 2015 Top Gun was released in 1986 and was an automatic hit. Top Gun became the highest grossing film of 1986, bringing in $350 million. Also, the soundtrack’s hit love song, “Take My Breath Away,” by Berlin, won the 1986 Oscar for Best Original Song. So when can we expect the Top Gun sequel to be in theaters? Ellison can’t give us a date just yet, but explained, “We are very, very hopeful that we get to make the movie very soon. But like all things, it all comes down to the script, and Justin is writing as we speak.” While the original also starred Val Kilmer and Kelly McGillis, it appears at this point that only Tom Cruise will reprise his role for the Top Gun sequel. [Photo Courtesy of Variety ]",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505265
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In the the tv cartoon series ‘The Simpsons’ what is Grandpa Simpson’s first name?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Simpsons | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Dolby Digital 5.1 (2009–present) Original Run December 17, 1989 – present The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening and produced by the Fox Broadcasting Company . The main characters are a satire of a working-class family, consisting of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa and Maggie. The series lampoons many aspects of American culture, society, politics and history. The cartoon made its debut as 60-second animated bumpers for the The Tracey Ullman Show, with the first short airing on April 19, 1987. The shorts were then expanded into a full-length 30-minute television spin-off by 20th Century Fox, first airing on December 17, 1989. As of 2016, 27 seasons of the series have been produced, with the 28th season premiered on September 25, 2016. The series currently holds the record for the longest-running prime-time sitcom in the US, running for 27 years since 1989, and becoming the longest-running program on FOX. Contents Main article: History of The Simpsons The Simpsons were conceived in the lobby of James L. Brooks ' office by Matt Groening .He was asked to do a series of animated shorts, and decided to do his Life in Hell series; but since he realized that animating Life in Hell would require the rescinding of publication rights for his life's work, he chose another approach and formulated his version of a dysfunctional family. He named the characters after his own family, and substituted Bart for his own name; as it was an anagram of 'brat'. The Original Simpsons: Left to Right, Maggie , Lisa , Marge , Homer and Bart . The Simpsons first appeared to the world on April 19, 1987 on The Tracey Ullman Show . Groening submitted crudely drawn sketches of the family to the animators, assuming they would clean them up in production. However, the animators just re-traced over his drawings; that is why the Simpsons appear crudely drawn in the shorts. UK: 20th Century Fox. In 1989, a team of production companies adapted the Simpsons into a half-hour primetime series for FOX. FOX was initially nervous to air the Simpsons, as there hasn't been a cartoon in primetime since The Flintstones, and that they were unsure if they could keep the audience's attention for the duration of the episode. They proposed doing three seven-minute shorts and four specials until the audience adjusted, but the producers gambled for thirteen half-hour episodes for the series. The Simpsons was originally to premiere in the fall of 1989, with \" Some Enchanted Evening ,\" but when the episode came back from animation in Korea, it had major, major problems with it. James L. Brooks was extremely dissatisfied with the product and called for many parts of the episode to be redone. The producers then agreed to just go ahead and air \" Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire ,\" on December 17, 1989 as a Christmas Special. Production Executive Producers Through the entire show's history, Matt Groening and James L. Brooks have served as the show's executive producers. Sam Simon was also in this position, although not credited. When Simon left in 1993, he arranged a deal to be credited as executive producer as well as get profits even though he no longer works on the show. Writers The first team of writers for The Simpsons was assembled by Sam Simon. These were: John Swartzwelder , Jon Vitti , George Meyer , Jeff Martin , Al Jean , Mike Reiss , Jay Kogen and Wallace Wolodarsky . Newer Simpsons writing teams usually have 16 writers and episode ideas are thought of and proposed in early December. The main writer writes the first draft and the group changes it, adding in jokes and removing parts they don't like. This can sometimes change a script entirely. Up until 2004, the head of these groups was George Meyer , who apparently wrote a lot of the best lines from episodes. But the idea of all this came from the magic hand of Matt Groening who invented the pictures Voice Actors Mr. Burns , Smithers , Ned Flanders , Rev. Lovejoy , Kent Brockman , Dr. Hibbert , Lenny , Principal Skinner , Otto , Rainier Wolfc",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505266
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In the TV comedy 'Last of the Summer Wine', what is the name of Nora Batty's husband?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "\"Last of the Summer Wine\" The Mysterious Feet of Nora Batty (TV Episode 1985) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Mysterious Feet of Nora Batty TV-PG | The size of Nora's feet becomes an point of contention between Foggy & Compo ... When interrogating Wally yields no information, the Boys take to finding out for themselves whether Nora has big feet or if it's all stocking! Director: a list of 261 titles created 05 Oct 2011 a list of 10000 titles created 07 Nov 2012 Title: The Mysterious Feet of Nora Batty (10 Feb 1985) 7.3/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Add Image Add an image Do you have any images for this title? Edit Storyline The size of Nora's feet becomes an point of contention between Foggy & Compo ... When interrogating Wally yields no information, the Boys take to finding out for themselves whether Nora has big feet or if it's all stocking! 10 February 1985 (UK) See more » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Goofs When the trio are knocked into the stream, we see them going over the wall at all angles. Yet, when we see then from Nora's perspective, they are all standing up, and wet only about half way to their knees. See more » Frequently Asked Questions (United Kingdom) – See all my reviews The start of series 8 and we have reached 1985.This is going to be Foggy's final series as actor Brian Wilde announced he was to leave. If you look at the pub scenes you can tell from the way the customers were dressed that we are really at this 1980s look. Forget the New Romantic fashion of the early 1980s, here we just had people looking a little smarter, a bit more better groomed and this is in a pub in Yorkshire. I'll ignore Compo in all this. This is an episode of two halves here. It starts Clegg being whimsical again about Hitler as they walk across the moors before the subject turns to the size of Nora Batty's feet. Of course they need an expert and it turns out to be Wally and it is a virtuoso performance from actor Joe Gladwin as he is dragged into the pub. As the years went on, his part increased and he made the most of it. There is that great line he comes out with, given the small stature of his size what would happen if Nora was attacked. 'i'd have to stand there helpless. Helpless! She could have the bloke mauled to death before I could pull her off.' The second part loses a little impetus when the attention turns to Nora herself until the ending as the trio try to measure her feet while she has climbed a ladder. However I did wince when the trio themselves fall off the ladder in to the shallow stream below. That was a steep fall. 0 of 0 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505267
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the Latin term for a reigning queen, often shown after first name as a formal title?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Latin phrases glossary and listing - common and interesting Latin expressions, terminology, translations, meanings, origins glossary, usage in legal, business, science and English language (with) the defendant being absent (legal term) - in the absence of the accused a capite ad calcem thoroughly/completely/from top to bottom - more loosely expressed 'from head to toe' Achilles (Achilles heel) ancient Greek hero weakness - (a Greek word used in Latin - the metaphor refers to the legend of the hero Achilles, as a baby held by the heel and dipped into the river Styx by his mother Thetis to make him immortal, leaving his heel vulnerable, such that when shot there by an arrow he died, hence the 'Achilles heel' or simply 'Achilles' is a person's main weakness) acta est fabula the drama has been acted out it's all over/it's finished/the end A.D. (anno domini) in the year of the Lord denotes that the year is since Christ's birth in the Julian and Gregorian calendars - contrasting with B.C. (Before Christ), which signifies years 'Before Christ', which are counted backwards - there is no zero year ad hoc improvised/devised/applied spontaneously or purely for the purpose ('just for this') a fortiori all the more so, with greater reason ad hominem personally directed - (as when criticizing someone) ad infinitum ad lib (ad libitum) with freedom freely, improvised, spontaneously created - now most commonly an instruction or freedom to 'improvise' in performance, communication ad litteram precisely/according to the 'letter of the law' ad nauseam to the point of causing nausea/unbearably tedious a priori / a posteriori from what comes before/ after (these terms mainly refer to philosophical or mathematical assertions) - an 'a priori' fact is self-evident, known without need of direct specific experience/evidence (for example 'snow is cold') - an 'a posteriori' fact is based on observed evidence or experience, etc (for example snow fell in Ireland on [a particular date]) ad referendum (ad ref) aged... or 'of the age...' (precedes the age of someone/something) affidavit he/she has declared under oath a sworn statement made voluntarily by a person, recorded by a qualified person, usually for legal purposes, such as admission in a court case agenda (agenda sunt or agendum est) things that must be moved forward list of items for a meeting, order of discussion, set of aims, motivational factors - agenda now has a wide range of meanings, after initially referring to a meeting schedule Aiax/Ajax a metaphor for size and stength Albion the ancient Greek word for Britain alia iacta est / iacta alia est the die is cast the die is cast - beyond the point of possible return, fully committed come what may - see the die is cast and cross the Rubicon in cliches origins - the phrase is attributed to Julius Casear, 49BC, on his invasion of Rome from Gaul - as with many other Latin phrases the 'i' of iacta is alternatively a 'j', so that the word was/is jiacta (although some say Caesar spoke this phrase in Greek anyway..) alias dictus (alias) otherwise known as/also known as/aka",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505268
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which group's debut album 'King of the Wild Frontiers' reached no 1 in the charts in 1980?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "‘Heroic, sexy and a warrior bravado’: how Adam and the Ants redefined pop | Music | The Guardian The G2 interview ‘Heroic, sexy and a warrior bravado’: how Adam and the Ants redefined pop They were a riot of makeup, feathers, tribal drums and surf guitars – and, for a spectacular moment, they became the biggest band in the UK. Adam Ant and Marco Pirroni tell the story of their breakthrough King of the wild frontier: Adam Ant, complete with Apache war stripe Thursday 26 May 2016 11.52 EDT Last modified on Friday 16 September 2016 11.40 EDT Share on Messenger Close On the morning of 17 October 1980, Adam Ant discovered he couldn’t go to the corner shop. Or, at least, he couldn’t go to the corner shop without attracting attention: “[There was] pointing, girls chasing us down the street, and all the rest of it.” He was nearly 27 years old and had become a pop star literally overnight. The previous evening, Adam and the Ants had appeared on Top of the Pops for the first time. Their single, Dog Eat Dog , wasn’t really high enough in the charts to warrant a slot on the biggest pop show on British TV. (It had scraped into the Top 40 at No 37 – a distinct improvement on anything Adam and the Ants had achieved in the previous three years of their career, but hardly a seismic eruption to trouble the artists that hogged the top of charts: the Police , Madness or Ottowan, with the deathless D.I.S.C.O. ) Nor had the media shown much interest. “If we’d got played on the radio, you’d soon have known about it, but I can’t recall anyone actually playing it,” Ant says. “We weren’t getting a lot of joy at Radio 1.” Still, another artist had dropped out of the show at the last minute and the Ants’ TV plugger had somehow secured them a booking. It was, says Marco Pirroni – the band’s guitarist and Adam’s songwriting partner – the moment they had been waiting for. “I was totally a child of the glam era. I basically consider glam rock to be the pinnacle of all human achievement. I’d seen Bowie doing Starman and Roxy Music on Top of the Pops and, in the back of my mind, that’s exactly what I wanted to achieve. You wanted to cause that argument in the playground the next day.” I know for a fact that Pirroni got his wish. I was nine years old the night of that performance. I’ve said before that it more or less changed my life : certainly, it was the moment that sold me on pop music to the exclusion of almost everything else a nine-year-old boy might be interested in. And at school the next day, there were arguments. Some of us thought it was the greatest thing we’d ever seen; better even than Star Wars . Others were profoundly unconvinced, voicing the opinion that because Adam Ant was wearing makeup, he was a “gaylord” (an insult that baffled me at the time and baffles me still, based as it apparently was on the quaint but erroneous notion that homosexuals organise themselves along some kind of feudal system). Clearly, similar exchanges were happening in playgrounds up and down the country. The following week, Dog Eat Dog was No 19 in the charts, then No 4 the week after. By new year – when its follow-up, Antmusic , was released and the Kings of the Wild Frontier album deposed Abba’s Super Trouper from the top of the charts – Adam and the Ants were unequivocally the biggest pop band in the UK, a position they would occupy for the next 18 months (at one dizzying juncture in 1981, they had seven singles in the Top 40 at once). Such was the appetite for all things Ant, that their old label started chucking old singles. Whether or not the fans liked them, they were hits, too: the 1978 single Young Parisians reached No 9 on the back of Kings of the Wild Frontier’s success. Pinterest Ant music: Marco Pirroni, Adam Ant and Gary Tibbs. Photograph: Alamy Now, 35 years on, Adam and the Ants’ brief but spectacular reign is so esconsced as part of British pop history (no documentary about the 80s is complete without footage of their frontman jumping through a window in the video for the chart-topping Stand and Deliver ; Kings of the Wild Frontier has just rec",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505269
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was St. Petersburg called between 1924 and 1991?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Facts and statistics for St. Petersburg, Russia \"The Venice of the North\"(referring to St. Petersburg's many rivers and canals) \"The Palmyra of the North\" \"The Northern Capital of Russia\" (referring to the centuries-old rivalry between St. Petersburg and Moscow) Symbols: the Angel with a Cross (weather-vane on top of the Peter and Paul Cathedral ) the Little Ship - Korablik (weather-vane on top of the Admiralty tower ) The Seal: A sea anchor and a river anchor with a scepter - a symbol of royal power - on a red field. Local government: The Governor and the Governor's Office, The Legislative Assembly Zoning: 20 administrative districts, including satellite towns under St. Petersburg's jurisdiction Main cultural attractions: Passenger terminal on Vasilievsky Island MEMBER SERVICES",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505270
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Cruella DeVil was a villainess in which animated Disney film?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Disney Preps Live-Action Cruella de Vil Film (Exclusive) | Hollywood Reporter 1:16pm PT by Borys Kit Disney Preps Live-Action Cruella de Vil Film (Exclusive) Walt Disney Co./Courtesy Everett Collection; Michael Loccisano/Getty Images Cruella de Vil (Inset: Aline Brosh McKenna) UPDATED: The writer for the studio's live-action \"Cinderella\" has been hired to pen the script for what is being titled \"Cruella.\" After making a movie centered on Maleficent, the villainess from Sleeping Beauty, Disney is setting its sights on another bad lady: Cruella de Vil. Aline Brosh McKenna has been hired to pen Cruella, which will bring the dog-fur-loving fashionista from 101 Dalmatians into a live-action feature to be produced by Andrew Gunn, who produced Sky High and Bedtime Stories for the studio. McKenna will also produce. De Vil first appeared in Dodie Smith's 1956 novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians but became a Disney icon with the 1961 animated movie. And it's not the character's first incarnation in a live-action feature. Glenn Close memorably played the character in 1996's 101 Dalmatians and the 2000 sequel, 102 Dalmatians. In fact, Close is in involved with Cruella, acting as an executive producer.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505271
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Kate Hudson is the daughter of what famous actress?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "50 things you probably didn't know about Kate Hudson: Hippie at heart, best friends with Liv Tyler and considers Kurt Russell her father : People : BOOMSbeat NEXT POST Source: Tumblr Kate Hudson is the beautiful and talented actress and the daughter of actress-producer Goldie Hawn and Bill Hudson, a television comedian. She played Penny in the film Almost Famous. Kate was born on April 19, 1979 in Los Angeles California. Her full name is Kate Garry Hudson. Advertisement She is the daughter of Academy Award-winning actress Goldie Hawn and Bill Hudson, an actor, comedian, and musician. Source: Wikicommons Hudson is of Italian (from her paternal grandmother), English, Hungarian Jewish, German, as well as very distant Dutch descent Kate's parents divorced eighteen months after her birth; she and her brother, actor Oliver Hudson, were raised in Snowmass, Colorado, and Pacific Palisades, California, by her mother and her mother's long-time boyfriend, actor Kurt Russell. She was raised Jewish. Source: Flickr As a child, her brother used to tease her and call her \"Hammerhead\" (as in hammerhead shark). She doesn't have a close relationship with her biological father and has said he \"doesn't know me from a hole in the wall\", and that she considers Russell to be her father. She is very close with her mother. at age 15, Goldie Hawn asked her if she had sex. \"When I said 'yes,' that I'd already lost my virginity to a boy I was just mad for, she was supportive.\" Source: Wikipedia She graduated from Crossroads, a Santa Monica performing arts school, in 1997. After taking her first professional acting job in 1996, guest-starring on FOX's drama, Party of Five, Hudson appears in her first film, the little-seen drama Ricochet River, as a teenage outcast growing up in a small town. She was considered for the role of \"Donna Pinciotti\" in That '70s Show in 1998. Hudson's breakthrough was as Penny Lane in Cameron Crowe's Almost Famous (2000), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Source: Tumblr That same year, she was named one of the '50 Most Beautiful People in the World' by People Magazine. Auditioned for the role of Lady Jocelyn in A Knight's Tale (2001), but lost out to Shannyn Sossamon. Hudson married Chris Robinson, the frontman for The Black Crowes, on December 31, 2000 in Aspen, Colorado. Source: Wikipedia A Ute Indian shaman weds the bohemian couple, and at the reception that follows, Robinson and Russell serenade Hudson with an Elvis duet. The newlyweds honeymoon in England. Hudson gave birth to their son, Ryder Russell Robinson, in January 2004. Hudson and Robinson come up with their son's first name after noticing that every time Robinson ended a concert with his song \"Ride,\" the baby would bounce around in Hudson's womb. Her son Ryder's middle name, Russell, is an homage to her mother Goldie Hawn's longtime partner Kurt Russell, whom Kate always considered to be her father. Kate is a huge fan of Bette Davis. Source: Wikipedia Kate turned down the part of Peter Parker's girlfriend Mary Jane Watson in Spider-Man (2002) for the role of Ethne Eustace in The Four Feathers (2002). Kate Hudson once dated Sally Field's son, Eli Craig, whom she had known since she was 9 years old. Her sunny, charming persona was best captured in the hit comedy How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days opposite Matthew McConaughey. Source: Tumblr She loves music and can play the guitar and piano. Not only is she an actress, but she started production company Cosmic Entertainment in 2003 with Goldie Hawn, Kurt Russell and her brother. Her ex-sister-in-law of Rich Robinson. Kate has said she does not enjoy seeing herself on screen, specifying that she \"gets cold... shakes and... sweats\" when watching her performances for the first time. Source: Tumblr In July 2006, Hudson sued the English version of the National Enquirer after it reported she had an eating disorder, describing her as \"painfully thin\". In 2007, she divorced her husband citing \"irreconcilable differences\". Sh",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505272
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Who sang \"\"Love Me Tender\"\"?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Love Me Tender Elvis Presley original 1956 remastered - YouTube Love Me Tender Elvis Presley original 1956 remastered Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jun 15, 2012 Original Remastered from Elvis Presley - Romantic and Love Songs http://itunes.apple.com/it/album/roma... Love Me Tender Elvis Presley Category",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505273
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In Irish, Icelandic, and Scottish mythologies, selkies are creatures that are capable of taking what form apart from human?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Selkie (Orkney Selkies, #1) by Rosanna Leo — Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists Shelves: favorites This book was the first I'd read about Selkies and from Rosanna Leo. I'll be reading more from both! :) When I first discovered Selkies were seal shape shifters, I was torn between thinking that I could never find a seal man sexy, and thinking that this would be a great way to broaden my love for all things paranormal. I was wrong about the former- definitely wrong- and right about the latter. From the moment the story began, I was enthralled by both the way Rosanna told the story and by the fasc This book was the first I'd read about Selkies and from Rosanna Leo. I'll be reading more from both! :) When I first discovered Selkies were seal shape shifters, I was torn between thinking that I could never find a seal man sexy, and thinking that this would be a great way to broaden my love for all things paranormal. I was wrong about the former- definitely wrong- and right about the latter. From the moment the story began, I was enthralled by both the way Rosanna told the story and by the fascinating myth of the Selkie people. She draws you completely into the story with the way she writes. She'll make you fall in love- not just with the characters, but with the sea and the landscape in the story. Set mostly in the beautiful Scotland, filled with myth, romance, mystery, and extremely sexy scenes, this novella is definitely worth picking up. There's also quite a bit of scenes that are funny and touching. There was never a moment that I wasn't smiling, laughing, or in tears. I found myself wanting to research Selkies and Finman even more after finishing the story. The ending alone is worth ten stars, I nearly bawled like a baby because it was so beautiful. Calan Kirk, yes it makes me think of Star Trek and there is a joke about the show, stole my heart the moment he entered the story. I knew right away that I had to add him to my list of fictional loves- at the top, no less. This mostly immortal man is as charming and handsome as he is strong. He's everything a woman could want in a man (including a sexy accent), complete with a hearty appetite- for more than just food. Maggie, the mortal, has hit rock bottom. She's lost everything and doesn't know anything except that she's been dreaming about a gorgeous man and a seal. When the pair meets the chemistry is absolutely explosive. They both fight their feelings for each other for a bit, so the fire grows even hotter! There are several other great characters in the story. I loved the glimpse at all of Calan's family, and adored his oldest brother and his wife. They're such a cute couple. This story is captivating, beautiful, and erotic. It's a quick read, but one that is endlessly entertaining and one that I can see myself reading again. It packs quite a punch for being 160 pages. I highly recommend it to anyone looking for a great, unique story in the paranormal romance genre. I really hope that Rosanna writes more about her sexy Selkie men! I'll be waiting eagerly! ...more Shelves: paranormal-romance , fantacy , erotic Cute & Sweet! This was a very enjoyable read. I fell in love with the characters and the story immediately. My heart went out to Maggie as she goes through hell dealing with her share of low life losers of men, losing her job, and then with her grandmother dying. I admired her for her strength and endurance as an independent woman dealing with all the tragedy in her life. Calan the selkie was to die for - he was a total package of dreams, desires, and soul melting magical catch. The dude had m Cute & Sweet! This was a very enjoyable read. I fell in love with the characters and the story immediately. My heart went out to Maggie as she goes through hell dealing with her share of low life losers of men, losing her job, and then with her grandmother dying. I admired her for her strength and endurance as an independent woman dealing with all the tragedy in her life. Calan the selkie was to die for - he was a total package of dreams, desires, and soul melting magica",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505274
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which cold, low-salinity ocean current flows north-westward along the west coast of South America from the southern tip of Chile to northern Peru and can extend 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) offshore?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "GEO 373 EXAM 1 - Geography 373 with Meyer at Central Michigan University - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. GEO 373 EXAM 1 Mercosur Argentina, Uruaguay, and Paraguay's enconomies are linked with Brazil in a common market agreement Founded in 1991 by the Treaty of Asunción, which was later amended and updated by the 1994 Treaty of Ouro Preto. Its purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency. Farc Established in 1964 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party, the FARC is Colombia's oldest, largest, most capable, and best-equipped Marxist insurgency. The FARC is organized along military lines and includes several urban fronts Advertisement ) Shining Path is a Maoist insurgent guerrilla organization in Peru. The group never refers to itself their name, prefers to be called the \"Communist Party of Peru\" or \"PCP-SL\" in short The Shining Path believed that by imposing a dictatorship of the proletariat, inducing cultural revolution, and eventually sparking world revolution, they could arrive at pure communism. Quechua is the name of a people of the central Andes of South America and their languages also is a natural region of Peru HDI The index reflects health, education, and income levels it is calculated annually so placement varies in time Marie Price and Catherine Cooper They used four basic principles to explain the major world regions the countries of region are contiguous, close together, and touch upon eachothere the region occupies all, or part of, a continent the region embraces geopolitical aspirations the region has human relatedness, i.e. share cultural traits Maquiladoras manufacturing or export assembly plants ISI was abandoned in the late 20th century and placed by nonliberal programs emphasizing export led development led a failed military in 1992 authoritarian Populist attempted to fund promises to the poor with expropriations and other measures which deter foreign investment in oil and gas production FTAA Free trade Areas of the Americas ALBA Bolivarian Alternative for the Americans Caudillos Revolutions that introduced long periods of instability followed by the rule of strong men El Nino A periodic warm current which displaces the cold Peru current, from the west coast of South America has become more pronounced, reflecting a heat build up in Pacific, equatorial waters. Advertisement Tropic of Cancer also referred to as the Northern tropic, is the circle of latitude on the Earth that marks the most northerly position at which the Sun may appear directly overhead at its zenith. This event occurs once per year, at the time of the June solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun to its maximum extent. 23 1/2 degrees north Tropic of Capricorn marks the most southerly latitude at which the Sun can appear directly overhead. This event occurs at the December solstice, when the southern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun to its maximum extent. 23 1/2 degrees south Chinamapas is a method of ancient Meso american agriculture which used small, rectangle-shaped areas offertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico. Mt. Pelee is an active volcano at the northern end of the island and in the Lesser Antilles island arc of the Caribbean. Its volcanic cone is composed of layers of volcanic ash and hardened lava. Great Escarpment separates the Atlantic coastal plain of Brazil from the Brazilian Highlands Saffir-Simpson Scale A hurricane scale is a 1-5 rating based on the hurricane's present intensity. This is used to give an estimate of the potential property damage and flooding expected along the coast from a hurricane landfall. Wind speed is the determining factor in the scale, as storm surge values are highly dependent on the slope of the continental shelf in the landfall region. Tectonic Plates is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. Plate size can vary",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505275
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Starring Christian Bale and released in 2009, what is the title of the fourth film in the 'Terminator' series?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Terminator Salvation (2009) Movie Review - YouTube Terminator Salvation (2009) Movie Review Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jul 19, 2015 Terminator Salvation is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by McG and starring Christian Bale and Sam Worthington. It is the fourth installment of the Terminator film series. In a departure from the previous installments, which were set between 1984 and 2004 and used time travel as a key plot element, Salvation is set in the year 2018 and focuses on the war between Skynet machines and humanity, with the human Resistance fighting against Skynet's killing machines. Bale portrays John Connor, Resistance fighter and central character to the franchise, while Worthington portrays cyborg Marcus Wright. Terminator Salvation also featured Anton Yelchin as a young Kyle Reese, a character first introduced in The Terminator, and the film depicts the origin of the T-800 Model 101 Terminator. After a troubled pre-production, with The Halcyon Company acquiring the rights for the franchise from Andrew G. Vajna and Mario Kassar and several writers working on the screenplay, filming began in May 2008 in New Mexico and ran for 77 days. Terminator Salvation was released on May 21, 2009 in the United States and Canada, followed by early June releases in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Warner Bros. handled the North American release while Columbia Pictures handled the international release. The film grossed over $371 million worldwide. Category",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505276
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In the 2015 Cricket Test Series between England and New Zealand, which batsman scored the first century?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Stats analysis: Battle of the new-ball attacks | Cricket | ESPN Cricinfo New Zealand in England 2015 May 20, 2015 Battle of the new-ball attacks Stats preview for the Test series between England and New Zealand 5 Both Trent Boult and Tim Southee have bowling averages of less than 25 in Tests in the last 18 months © Getty Images In home Test series against New Zealand, England's dominance has been emphatic - out of 16 series , they've won 13, lost just two, and drawn one. They've won seven of their last eight home Tests against New Zealand. Despite that one-sided history, New Zealand will go into the two-Test series as slight favourites, on paper at least: they're currently ranked No. 3 in the ICC Test rankings, two places above England, and have also had a much better recent run. Since November 2013, England have a 4-8 record in Tests - the defeats include a 5-0 whitewash in Australia, a home series loss against Sri Lanka, and a drawn series in the West Indies. In the same period, New Zealand have an 8-2 record - their win-loss ratio is the best among all teams in these 18 months: they've beaten West Indies home and away, won home series against India and Sri Lanka, and drawn in the UAE against Pakistan. Those recent numbers look overwhelmingly in favour of New Zealand, but a closer look reveals that most of England's defeats have come overseas - they are 3-2 at home during this period - while New Zealand have mostly won at home - they are 3-2 in away Tests. Given that England have the advantage of home conditions - and New Zealand haven't had the ideal preparation for a Test series - there may not be that much to choose between the two teams. Teams in Tests since Nov 2013 Team 41.25 New Zealand's batting resurgence The batting and bowling averages for the two teams indicate that New Zealand's batsmen have made the biggest difference to the team during this period. They've averaged more than 40 runs per wicket, and put up enough runs on the board for the bowlers to then take over. In 13 Tests, New Zealand's batsmen have scored 20 centuries, compared to 14 hundreds in 15 Tests by England's batsmen. Three of New Zealand's batsmen - Brendon McCullum, Ross Taylor and Kane Williamson - have contributed 14 of those 20 centuries, and they've all averaged more than 58 in these 18 months. Their form will be key for New Zealand again, even though others like BJ Watling and Tom Latham have also made crucial contributions. England's batting stars have been Joe Root and Gary Ballance - between them, they've made eight of the team's 14 hundreds, and average more than 60. However, the lack of big runs for Alastair Cook and Ian Bell has hurt the team badly: both have averaged less than 36. Cook, though, showed some return to form in the West Indies with a century and two fifties in six innings, which only augurs well for the summer ahead. England batsmen in Tests since Nov 2013 Player 1 The new-ball contest The bowling numbers for the two teams are much closer over the last 18 months and, in familiar home conditions, England could well have an edge there. James Anderson has averaged less than 25 during this period, and his average in home Tests since 2010 is 23.60: he has 146 wickets in 31 games during this period. Stuart Broad's recent form is impressive too, but New Zealand have their own trump cards in Trent Boult and Tim Southee, who both average less than 25 in the last 18 months. The battle between these two pairs of new-ball bowlers could well be the key contest in the series England bowlers in Tests since Nov 2013 Player 55.2 The head-to-head battles Anderson and Broad also have pretty good records against New Zealand's top three batsmen. Broad, especially, has had plenty of success against Taylor and McCullum, who've both handled Anderson a lot better. On the other hand, England's three top batsmen have had mixed success against Boult and Southee. Cook has struggled against Boult, but has faced 264 balls from Southee without being dismissed. Bell has faced 154 deliveries from Boult without being dismissed, but has fallen t",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505277
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What did Sir Francis Drake's ship, the Golden Hind, achieve from 1577 to 1580 ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The life of Sir Francis Drake By Ben Johnson | Comments Sir Francis Drake – to the Spanish, a wayward pirate; to the English, a hero. He could be considered a morally dubious hero in many ways, perhaps even a villain, but was still incredibly influential in Tudor times . Drake (c. 1540 - 1596) was born the eldest of 12 sons, in Tavistock, Devon . His father, Edmund Drake, was a farmer and preacher. The family later moved to Kent , where they lived in an old ship and it was there that his fascination with sailing began. The reason for the move is not entirely certain: the Prayer Book Rebellion of 1549 angered Catholics, who could have then made it difficult for Drake’s Protestant family, or it may be that Edmund was involved in petty crime. Francis had a trading ship left to him by his apprenticeship boss at the age of 20, which was perhaps the catalyst for his historic naval achievements. During the Elizabethan period (1558-1603) of Tudor England, the country’s population was growing, and the desire for power and to explore was increasing. Religion and politics were dominant forces. Queen Elizabeth I was eager to follow in Spain and Portugal’s explorative footsteps - they were travelling the globe, to the Americas, benefitting from slavery and setting up important trade routes. Francis Drake was key to gaining much of England’s riches and naval successes, however morally corrupt his actions were! He would attack Spanish vessels, taking the treasure that they had brought back from abroad, and would raid Spanish and Portuguese ports. Walter Raleigh/Ralegh was a distant relative of Drake, famous for many things including writing and expedition. He contributed to the colonisation of the New World. Exploration was obviously in their genes! To the Spanish, ‘El Draque’ (The Dragon) was a wayward pirate, a threat to their voyages. The king of Spain and Portugal, King Philip II was said to have offered the huge sum of 20,000 ducats (£4 million) for Drake’s life. Drake was definitely not popular! Although vital to the British government and the Queen herself, even the English people were somewhat divided in their view of Drake. Some admired his achievements and courage, whilst others resented him. Drake and his second cousin, Richard Hawkins, led one of the first slavery trips to West Africa in 1567. It was illegal in English law to capture people and transport them, but in those days it was perceived as ok if they were slaves, non-protestants or criminals! They were attacked by Spanish vessels and only two of the six British ships survived (those led by Drake and Hawkins themselves). This, as well as other factors, contributed to fuelling the animosity between Spain and England, leading up to the war in 1585 and subsequent Armada. Queen Elizabeth I had obvious faith in Drake – in 1572 she enlisted Drake as a privateer (pirate working for the head of a country) to sail to the Americas. Her minister, Lord Burghley, was not at all fond of Drake’s villainous behaviour, but did concede that he was a good weapon against the Spanish. Queen Elizabeth had to maintain a public attitude of disapproval for his unlawful methods, to try and prevent hostile relations with Spain. She did approve of the treasure he returned with though! Magellan led the first voyage round the world, but Drake was next, the first Englishman to achieve this. The trip lasted 3 years from 1577-1580. He led the trip alongside Jon Winter and Thomas Doughty, the latter secretly appointed by Queen Elizabeth I. In 1578, though, Drake would accuse poor Doughty of witchcraft! This led to his beheading on 2nd July for mutiny and treason. Drake left Plymouth on 13th December, 1577 on board the Pelican, after a delay due to bad weather. There were six ships in total heading for the Pacific coast of America. On arrival in America, Drake feared the fleet splitting up, so ordered two ships to be destroyed. A replica of Drake's ship 'Golden Hind' in Brixham harbour They then sailed to Brazil, and successfully navigated the notoriously difficult Strait of Magellan in 1578. He",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505278
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who is the father of the modern country of Turkey?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Turkey - History History Turkey Table of Contents TURKEY IS A NEW COUNTRY in an old land. The modern Turkish state--beginning with the creation of the Republic of Turkey in the years immediately after World War I--drew on a national consciousness that had developed only in the late nineteenth century. But the history of nomadic Turkish tribes can be traced with certainty to the sixth century A.D., when they wandered the steppes of central Asia. Asia Minor, which the Turks invaded in the eleventh century, has a recorded history that dates back to the Hittites, who flourished there in the second millennium B.C. Archaeological evidence of far older cultures has been found in the region, however. The term Turkey , although sometimes used to signify the Ottoman Empire, was not assigned to a specific political entity or geographic area until the republic was founded in 1923. The conquering Turks called Asia Minor, the large peninsular territory they had wrested from the Byzantine Empire, by its Greek name, Anatol� (sunrise; figuratively, the East), or Anatolia. The term Anatolia is also used when events described affected both that region and Turkish Thrace (\"Turkey-in-Europe\") because of the two areas' closely linked political, social, and cultural development. Anatolia is a bridge connecting the Middle East and Europe, and it shares in the history of both those parts of the world. Despite the diversity of its peoples and their cultures, and the constantly shifting borders of its ethnic map, Anatolia has a history characterized by remarkable continuity. Wave after wave of conquerors and settlers have imposed their language and other unique features of their culture on it, but they also have invariably assimilated the customs of the peoples who preceded them. The history of Turkey encompasses, first, the history of Anatolia before the coming of the Turks and of the civilizations--Hittite, Thracian, Hellenistic, and Byzantine--of which the Turkish nation is the heir by assimilation or example. Second, it includes the history of the Turkish peoples, including the Seljuks, who brought Islam and the Turkish language to Anatolia. Third, it is the history of the Ottoman Empire, a vast, cosmopolitan, pan-Islamic state that developed from a small Turkish amirate in Anatolia and that for centuries was a world power. Finally, Turkey's history is that of the republic established in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (1881-1938), called Atat�rk--the \"Father Turk.\" The creation of the new republic in the heartland of the old Islamic empire was achieved in the face of internal traditionalist opposition and foreign intervention. Atat�rk's goal was to build on the ruins of Ottoman Turkey a new country and society patterned directly on Western Europe. He equated Westernization with the introduction of technology, the modernization of administration, and the evolution of democratic institutions. The Turkish horsemen who stormed into Anatolia in the eleventh century were called gazis (warriors of the faith), but they followed their tribal leaders to win booty and to take land as well as to spread Islam. The Ottoman Empire, built on the conquests of the gazis , was Islamic but not specifically Turkish. Engendered in reaction to this Ottoman universalism, early Turkish nationalism was often pan-Turanian, envisioning a common destiny for all Turkic-speaking peoples. By contrast, Atat�rk narrowed the focus of his nationalism to the Turks of Turkey. Under his influence, twentieth-century Turkish historiography bypassed the Islamic Ottoman period to link the Turkish nation with ancient Anatolia in such a way that the Hittites, for instance, were recognized as",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505279
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the name of British singer Lulu’s 1960’s backing group?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "LULU Biography Page LULU - The Biography Lulu was born Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie, on November 3rd, 1948, the eldest of a family of four, in Lennox Castle, Lennoxtown, Glasgow - the daughter of a local butcher. She started singing almost immediately. She made her first public appearance singing at the tender age of 4 at a Coronation Party - \"From then on, I used to go in for talent competitions on my own,\" she adds. At Whitehill School in Glasgow, she was always in trouble for singing during lessons. At the age of 14, Lulu joined a local group - The Gleneagles - and started playing club engagements in and around Glasgow and Edinburgh. Each Sunday evening, the group with Lulu in tow as lead singer, played at The Lindella Club - a Glasgow discotheque, for a pound a night each. On one particular cold Glaswegian evening at The Lindella, Lulu was discovered singing by Marion Massey, who later became her manager and mentor
and who guided her to stardom. Says Lulu: \"When I was fourteen, I was very lucky. I was discovered - to use a terrible term - by a person who was absolutely sincere. Since I was five, people had been coming up to me saying: 'Stick with me, baby, and I'll make you a star'. In fact, nobody ever did anything for me. Then Marion came along\". And Marion takes up the story: \"She (Lulu) looked so peculiar that first time I saw her. Her hair was in curlers underneath a fur beret. She had a terrible cold, was very pale and wore three jumpers. But I was very intrigued by her. It wasn't her singing; there was something tremendously magnetic about this girl. I knew she had the makings of a great star.\" She was right
and set about proving it. Marion Massey signed Lulu and her group to a management contract and took them to London to record. But first she decided the time was right to change her protégée's name, and came up with the perfect answer: Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie became Lulu. The group's name changed, too, from The Gleneagles to The Luvvers. In actual fact, Columbia (EMI) turned down Lulu and The Luvvers, the first record company they approached for a deal, but no matter. Within weeks, they were signed up by Decca and made their first single, 'Shout', a raw version of the old Isley Brothers US hit of 1959, which Lulu had enthused over when she heard Alex Harvey singing it several months before. Lulu's own handling of the song moved one eminent rock journalist to write: \"It is still probably the best rock 'n' roll performance by a woman in the history of British pop.\" When it was released in the spring of 1964, it became a smash hit and launched Lulu on the road to stardom. 'Shout' went on to take the British Singles Chart by storm and finally reached No.7. What followed next, through 1964 and 1965, was an outstanding assault on the world's hit parades by the newly acclaimed singing star, with a succession of classic singles: 'Here Comes The Night', 'Leave A little Love' and 'Try To Understand' (all British Single Chart Hits). She consolidated her success with a string of top television and radio appearances, and concert engagements all over the country. It paid dividends, too. By the end of 1965, she was voted 'Britain's Most Promising Newcomer In Showbusiness' by the highly influential rock newspaper Melody Maker. It was the first of many honours. 1966 proved a memorable year in Lulu's career, although it was the year that finally saw her parting company from her backing band The Luvvers. Besides a hectic round of TV and radio appearances in Britain and Europe, she also undertook major concert tours; with The Hollies to Poland - to become the first British girl singing star - ever to perform behind the Iron Curtain - followed by a lengthy British tour with Roy Orbison and The Walker Brothers. She also switched record labels, too, from Decca to Columbia - ironically the company that turned her down two years before - and joined forces with producer Mickie Most, whose stable at that time included The Animals, Donovan, and Herman's Hermits. Lu",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505280
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Having held the position since 1992, Paul Dacre is the editor of which daily newspaper?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Britain’s best connected man? Mail on Sunday editor Geordie Greig on Hugh Grant, Paul Dacre and the Johnsons – Press Gazette 0 In 2005, The Observer dubbed Geordie Greig “Britain’s best-connected man”. Then, as editor of society magazine Tatler, it was a useful tag to have. Now, as editor of The Mail on Sunday, it may be less welcome. Renowned for being one of the UK’s fiercest newspapers, Greig says he is determined to retain its “mischief, fearlessness [and] groundbreaking reporting”. Can he do this while retaining friendships and contacts? He thinks so: “You use every connection you can to try and bring in the best things for the paper. Everyone’s contacts book is a useful tool to bring in stories. From the junior reporter to the editor, everyone should use them.” And Greig, in his first interview since taking over at the MoS, insists that having important, powerful contacts doesn’t damage his ability to hold people to account. “News has a way of being a brute force which overrides connections and friendships – it is a tidal wave which generally no one can stop. I’m sure there are inevitably stories that when written people get cross. “That’s what newspapers do. It is shining lights on the doings of powerful people. Powerful people don’t often like lights being shone at them. But it’s a necessary requirement for a free and democratic country to have a press which is unfettered.” As an example, Greig highlights his relationship with Hugh Grant, one of the first people he met when starting at Oxford University. Earlier this year the MoS got in touch with the actor to ask him about the birth of his second child, something Grant had not been keen to publicise. “It was one of those things which was pretty testing at the time. Imagine you ring up someone you’ve known for ages and say, listen, I’m going to do a story about [this],” Greig says. “But, actually, as long as you’re straight, it’s fine.” The pair also have their political differences. While Grant fronts Hacked Off, Greig strongly opposes its stance. (To add to this mini-drama, Grant has also previously accused the pre-Greig Mail on Sunday of phone-hacking – and Mail editor-in-chief Paul Dacre later said Grant had been spreading “mendacious smears”.) The MoS, like other newspapers, will be keeping a particularly close eye on press regulation ahead of the next general election. It’s “incredibly important”, says Greig. On the subject of party allegiance, the editor gives a politician’s answer. “The Mail on Sunday has backed a variety of politicians in the past and we are very keen to have a government which makes our economy better. Which feeds the economy’s need for growth, for employment, and feeds the central concerns of our readers.” He adds: “[We’re] always watching to see what happens. There’s two years to go, anything could happen. There could be – could be – a change of leader from both parties.” Which brings us on to Boris Johnson. Greig describes himself as an “admirer” of Johnson, but says he’s never been too close to him personally (they’ve never been to each other’s houses) – and he was not at Eton or Oxford with he or David Cameron. So can Boris topple his old Bullingdon Club companion’s Tory leadership? “Never underestimate any Johnson,” says Greig. ‘Any’, because Greig is also a fan of the Mayor of London’s sister, Rachel Johnson. He brought her in as a columnist to the MoS last year, and now describes her as the “best female columnist in Britain”. She is one of a raft of senior appointments from The Sunday Times, along with Gordon Thomson, editor of new supplement magazine Event, and Tristan Davies, Greig’s number three. Greig has certainly not been afraid to make changes since taking over in April 2012. Earlier this year, as a number of high-profile departures were confirmed, a well-placed source told Press Gazette: “It feels like they are clearing the decks for some reason. These are senior and highly-paid execs.” The exit of Peter Wright as MoS editor after 14 years came as a surprise to many and taking up the position was not a straightforward de",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505281
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Where could you ride ‘The Smiler’ ‘Oblivion’ and ‘Nemesis’?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Smiler | Theme Park Ride at Alton Towers Resort When you sign up, we'll keep you up to date with offers and information from Alton Towers Resort and the Merlin Entertainments Group. If you'd prefer not to receive emails from the Merlin Entertainments Group, please untick this box. Thank you – you have successfully subscribed.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505282
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the title applied by the Ottoman Empire and, later, Turkey, to their viceroy of Egypt?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Reflections: Legacy of the Ottoman Empire - دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Legacy of the Ottoman Empire - دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه © Copyright Peter Crawford 2015 OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU THE LEGACY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE Many people are puzzled by all the turmoil, confusion and bloodshed that exists in the Middle East today, and seek answers in the complexities of current events, however, the root of the Middle eastern problem lie in the past, and in particular in that entity known as the Ottoman (Osman) Empire - the great Empire of the Turks created by the Osman dynasty. The Osmans were Sultans (سلطان) (holders of power) and Caliphs, (خليفة ḫalīfah/khalīfah - title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah), over all of what is now known as the Near and Middle East. Ummah ( أمة) is an Arabic word meaning \"nation\" or \"community\". It is distinguished from Sha'b (شعب) which means a nation with common ancestry or geography. Thus, it can be said to be a supra-national community with a common history. It is a synonym for ummat al-Islamiyah ( الأمة الإسلامية) (the Islamic Nation), and it is commonly used to mean the collective community of Islamic peoples. In the context of Pan-Islamism and politics, the word Ummah can be used to mean the concept of a 'Commonwealth of the Believers' (أمة المؤمنين ummat al-muʼminīn). The Quran says: “Muslims are the best nation brought out for Mankind, commanding what is righteous (معروف Maʻrūf, lit. \"recognized as good\") and forbidding what is wrong (منكر Munkar, lit. \"unrecognized as good\")…” The Ottoman Empire, (دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye) or Sublime Ottoman State, which lasted from 27 July 1299 to 29 October 1923, is one of 16 Turkish empires established throughout history. The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and longest lasting empires in history. It was an empire inspired and sustained by Islam, and Islamic institutions. founded by Turkish tribes under Osman Bey in north-western Anatolia in 1299. With the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed II in 1453, the Ottoman state became an empire. The conquest of Constantinople was a pivotal event in the evolution of Turkish statehood, since the victory of 1453 cemented its Eurasian nature. The empire reached its peak at 1590, covering parts of Asia, Europe and Africa. The reign of the long-lived Ottoman dynasty lasted for 623 years, from 27 July 1299 to 1 November 1922, when the monarchy in Turkey was abolished. At the height of its power, in the 16th and 17th centuries, it controlled territory in southeast Europe, western Asia, and North Africa. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Haritası Map of the Ottoman Empire - 1914 Osmanlı İmparatorluğu (The Ottoman Empire) The Ottoman Empire contained 29 provinces and numerous vassal states, some of which were later absorbed into the empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries. With Constantinople (present-day Istanbul, - Kostantiniyye) as its capital city, and vast control of lands around the eastern Mediterranean during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (ruled 1520 to 1566), the empire was at the center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. تنظيمات The Tanzimât The Tanzimât, meaning reorganization of the Ottoman Empire, was a period of reformation that began in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. The Tanzimât reform era was characterized by various attempts to modernize the Ottoman Empire, to secure its territorial integrity against nationalist movements and aggressive powers. The reforms encouraged Ottomanism among the diverse ethnic groups of the Empire, attempting to stem the tide of nationalist movements within the Ottoman Empire. The reforms attempted to integrate non-Muslims and non-Turks more thoroughly into Ottoman society by enhancing their civil liberties and granting them equality throughout the Empire. Abdülmecid I Tanzimât emerged from the minds of reformist sultans like Mahmud II and Abdülmecid I as well as prominent reformers who were European educated b",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505283
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Duffel coats were named after a town in which country?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Duffle Coat History, Details & Buying Guide — Gentleman's Gazette Duffle Coat History, Details & Buying Guide January 3, 2013 In the new year, we are continuing our overcoat series with an in-depth look at the hard-wearing Duffle coat. We’ll outline its history , details , how to wear it, and how to buy the best Duffle coat for you . Duffle Coat History Just like the trenchcoat, there are manifold variations of the duffle coat today, and while all are perfectly fine to wear, it is interesting to know the origins of the garment and how it obtained the characteristic hood and toggle buttons. Notably, the duffle coat remains the only coat in a classic gentleman’s wardrobe today that has a hood. Although similar hoods were long used in menswear dating back to early Christian monk’s habits, the hooded duffle coat as we know it today dates back to the 19th century. Belgian Origins of the Term ‘Duffel’ Duffle Coats abord HMS Iron Duke 1919 The most common myth about the origins of the Duffle is that the coat is of Belgian heritage. The Belgian town of Duffel in the province of Antwerp was known as a clothmaking town in the 15th century that exported its cloth all over Europe. The “duffel” fabric itself was a black, rough woolen fabric, and the duffle coat was in fact named after it. However, the duffle coat itself was never produced in the namesake city, nor was it made from Duffel fabric. Anglo-Saxon Heritage Generals Bubbles Barker & Monty in huge Duffle Coat Many claim that the English borrowed the Belgian term to create the duffle coat as we know it today, and while it is correct that the English military and especially Sir Bernard “Monty” Montgomery and Sir David Stirling , founder of the SAS, popularized this garment during WWII, the British origins of this toggle closure overcoat can be traced back to 1887. At the time, John Partridge, a British purveyor of outerwear, began to design and offer the duffle coat for sale. The look back then was quite different from today, though it already featured the characteristic wooden toggles. The coat was shorter and cut very roomy with a slightly angled toggle front closure, which looks similar to vintage motorcycle jackets . Polish Frock Coat at around 1850 – predecessor of the duffle coat with toggles & hood A few years later, the Royal British Navy was searching for a hard-wearing, sailor-proof coat, and so the British Admiralty commissioned the duffle coat, which turned out to be a great success and was after that worn on military ships around the world. Polish Ancestors Even though John Partridge designed the British duffle coat, he clearly was inspired by the Polish “frock” coat. It was first introduced around 1820 and gained some popularity in continental Europe in the 1850’s. Just like the modern duffle coat, it was tailored with a hood and a horizontal toggle closure. Of course, back then pockets were not part of a coat and was worn more closely fitted than the bulky cut of the British Navy, but nevertheless, there is a great resemblance. Toggle closures have rarely been used in menswear for the last 200 years. The Peak Jean Cocteau in short, white duffle coat with Coco Chanel & Miss Weiseveiller in Veneto Street, Rome 1958 The duffle coat probably reached peak popularity during the 1950’s – 1960’s for several reasons. First of all, Field Marshal Montgomery had helped to create an iconic look during World War II, which is why the duffle is to this day also known as a Monty in the UK. As such, it does not surprise that he was even made into a wax figure – wearing the Monty coat, of course. Also, Colonel David Sterling liked his coat so much that he even wore it in the desert! After the war, the military released surplus duffle coats to the public, and artists, students, and intellectuals wore them. Jean Cocteau popularized his very own version in white. As a consequence, mothers would dress their children in them, raincoats adapted the duffle cut and the Dutch men’s fashion publication SIR published an article titled “The Monty-Coat Forever”. Sir David Stirling, fou",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505284
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which notable 19th century poet was a Jesuit priest?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Gonzaga’s ‘Jesuits and the Arts’ Series Continues with Gerard Manley Hopkins Poetry Events Feb. 5-7 - Gonzaga University News Service Academics Gonzaga’s ‘Jesuits and the Arts’ Series Continues with Gerard Manley Hopkins Poetry Events Feb. 5-7 Posted on January 21, 2014 in: Academics , Alumni , Arts , Events , Faculty & Staff , Faith , Feature Stories , Service , Social Media , Spotlight , Students SPOKANE, Wash. – Gonzaga University’s “Jesuits and the Arts” series continues Feb. 5-7 with a focus on literature, featuring Jesuit priest and poet Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889). He is recognized as one of the most important 19th century Victorian poets and among the most challenging poets in English, even though his daring explorations in prosody and imagery were never published in his lifetime. All events are free and open to the public. The first event is a lecture by Father Thomas Lucas, S.J., entitled “Historical Context of Gerard Manley Hopkins,” from 7:30-8:30 p.m., Wednesday, Feb. 5 in the Jundt Auditorium of the Jundt Art Center. The lecture will address the world surrounding Hopkins during his life. Fr. Lucas, rector of Seattle University’s Jesuit community, previously served as a professor of art and architecture at University of San Francisco. He is a prolific author and internationally recognized expert in Jesuit art history. Actor Richard Austin will perform a reading of Hopkins’ poetry — entirely from memory. On Thursday, Feb. 6 at 5:30 p.m. at the Huetter Mansion on Gonzaga’s campus, Gonzaga will host a reception for Richard Austin. A professional actor trained in London, Austin will perform his one-man show featuring Hopkins’ poetry – performed entirely from memory – at 6:30 p.m., in the University Chapel located on the third floor of College Hall. Austin has received international acclaim for his worldwide performances of the show titled, “Back to Beauty’s Giver.” The final Hopkins event will be a presentation by Gonzaga Special Collections Librarian Stephanie Plowman on Gonzaga’s Gerard Manley Hopkins Collection – one of the world’s foremost Hopkins research archives – at 6 p.m., Friday, Feb. 7 in the Foley Center Teleconference Room. A reception will follow from 7-8 p.m. in the Foley Center Library Rare Books Room, where Gonzaga’s Hopkins Collection will be on display. A major part of Gonzaga’s Gerard Manley Hopkins Collection is the Bischoff Research Collection, named for Fr. Anthony Bischoff, S.J. (1910-1993), a member of Gonzaga’s English department faculty who started the collection by gathering Hopkins-related materials in the late 1940s as a doctoral candidate at Yale University (Ph.D., 1952). Fr. Bischoff continued collecting widely until the early 1990s. Gonzaga’s collection is a resource for Hopkins’ scholars worldwide. Gonzaga’s “Jesuits and the Arts” series began in November with several events focused on music . The series will continue with a focus on one or two fine arts a year for the next several years. All events in the series are free and open to the public. For more information, visit www.gonzaga.edu/jesuitarts .",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505285
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Sphagnum is what type of plant?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Using Sphagnum Moss with Succulent Plants Using Sphagnum Moss with Succulent Plants Using Sphagnum Moss with Succulent Plants April 15, 2012 16 Comments Written by T. Lander Sphagnum moss can be an essential tool when planting succulents . It is commonly called peat moss, but that isn’t what you want. Peat moss or sphagnum peat are dead, decayed moss. You may have seen bags of peat moss meant to be used as a soil conditioner. The stuff we are interested in for our succulent plants is long fibered sphagnum moss. Oregon Sphagnum Moss pulled fresh from a tree Not all Sphagnum Moss is equal In a large city recently, I called half a dozen garden centers looking for long fibered sphagnum moss. No luck anywhere. I finally found a sad example of sphagnum at a big box store. It was an ugly brown color, full of sticks and would only be good if used where it couldn’t be seen. I was surprised by how difficult it was to find nice looking sphagnum moss. Left to Right: Oregon sphagnum moss pulled fresh off a tree in Oregon, packaged moss from Young’s, Sphagnum moss from a big box store Long Fibered Sphagnum Moss from a big box store should only be used where invisible Uses of Sphagnum Moss Succulents love sphagnum moss because it absorbs lots of water and then dries out quickly. This allows the plants to get the water then need without suffering from rotting issues. Here are some of the ways that sphagnum moss and succulents work together well: Soilless Planting – Succulents can grow directly in sphagnum moss without any soil. Soilless planting with moss can be used in wall planters where the weight of soil might be an issue, in terrariums, in wreaths or anywhere else that the use of soil presents a problem. One note, because sphagnum moss does dry more quickly than soil, more frequent watering might be required and occasional fertilizing. Form Building – Anytime you have a frame (like the wire chicken planter I did earlier) you will end up lining the form with sphagnum moss. You can see this in succulent wreaths and topiaries. A thick layer of moist moss covers the frame and is then filled with soil. Secure Plants – Planting in vertical spaces (like the cracks in a rock wall or containers) presents the challenge of the plants wanting to fall before their roots are established. You can stuff the space around the succulent’s roots with moss to hold the plant in place. Soil Conditioning – Three elements are important in soil: moisture retention, drainage, and nourishment. Sphagnum moss enhances all of these characteristics of soil. Container Accent – A tuft of fluffy, green sphagnum moss poking out between the succulent plants or hanging down the container side can be the finishing touch that completes your planting. A Note About Oregon Sphagnum Moss Although not true Sphagnum moss, Oregon Green Moss is sold as Oregon Sphagnum Moss. It shares the important characteristics of true Sphagnum moss (absorbs water directly through its leaves and stores the water in the cellular tissue). Oregon Sphagnum Moss is used by many, many people, florists and nurseries for the uses described above. Oregon Sphagnum Moss is available from Young’s for your projects with succulents. Packaged Oregon Sphagnum Moss is much more green than box store option",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505286
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Translating as 'strong man', rikishi is the name given to a participant in what sport?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sumo Glossary Sumo Glossary Elevated area for visitors and oyakata in the practice area of a heya . Akebono Dawn Akebono Taro - real name Chad Rowan - the 64th Yokozuna (grand champion). With 220-230kg he was literally one of the \"giants\" of the modern age! The first rikishi born outside of Japan to rise to the highest rank in Ozumo in 1993, he is considered to be a \"Great Yokozuna\" not only because of his 11 tournament wins, but also because of the impresive way in which he used to overwhelm his opponents with tsuppari and nodowa thrusts, often blasting them out of the ring like a bulldozer. Akebono performed a special Yokozuna Dohyo-Iri at the opening ceremony of the Nagoya winter olympics in 1998. He finally retired in January, 2001 due to a lasting knee injury. His greatest rival was the 65th Yokozuna Takanohana Koji , who retired in January, 2003. Following in the footsteps of his Oyakata Azumazeki (aka former Hawaiian Sekiwake Takamiyama), Akebono rose rapidly through the ranks from his debut in March 1988 to his Makuuchi debut in September 1990. What followed was an even more rapid rise to Ozeki. The Hawaiian behemoth needed only 11 Makuuchi tournaments to achieve the same rank as his countryman Konishiki. In the process Akebono won his first Yushu in May, 1992 while being ranked at Sekiwake at the crucial time when Konishiki had just won his final tournament two months earlier. And while Konishiki would never again taste the ultimate victory and see his dream of becoming the first foreign born Yokozuna go up in smoke, Akebono achieved that very dream by winning two back-to-back yusho in glorious fashion at the Kyushu 1992 and Hatsu 1993 tournaments. The new Yokozuna would go on to dominate both the year 1993 by winning his 4th, 5th and 6th yusho in consecutive basho and to dominate his rival Takanohana as well. Takanohana had by now risen to the rank of Ozeki and was denied Yokozuna promotion virtually by Akenono's opposition alone. In the period that followed, however, spanning roughly from 1994 through 1998, the tables were turned and Takanohana became the dominant rikishi. Plagued by injuries (mainly to his knees), Akebono would go on to win his 7th (March, 1994), 8th (March, 1995) and 9th (May, 1997) yusho in this period, but was only rarely capable of sustaining his characteristic dominance in the ring through the final days of the basho. But in the year 2000, following a year of dominance by Musashimaru (the 2nd Hawaiian Yokozuna), Akebono once again managed to regain his outstanding form. He finished the year wih an excellent 76-14 win-loss record, added two more yusho (numbers 10 and 11) to his total, as well as three runner-up records (his 11th, 12th and 13th), before bowing out gracefully after 48 basho at the rank of Yokozuna. Akeni Personal trunk used by sekitori for storage of personal items. Aki Fall One of the six yearly honbasho (official sumo tournaments). Held in September at the Kokugikan in the Ryogoku area of Tokyo. Amasumo The senior wrestlers of a heya . See also shin-deshi Arakida soil n/a Soil taken from the banks of the Arakawa River in Saitama Prefecture, traditionally favored for use in forming the dohyo (sumo ring) because of its high clay content. Asashoryu n/a Asashoryu Akinori - real name Dolgusuren Dagvadorj - the 68th Yokozuna (grand champion). From the moment this skilful rikishi from Mongolia joined professional Sumo in January 1999 it was clear that he was destined for greatness. Losing only three official bouts in his first year he quickly climed up the ranks and managed to make his debut in the payed ranks in September 2000. After slightly more than a year of adjusting to the higher echelon of Ozumo, Asashoryu soon began showing signs of domating the other rikishi, and by the middle of 2002 it was clear that stopping this relatively small but muscular athlete from achieving the highest rank in the sport would be near to impossible. With a determination bordering on maniacal and a skil that reminds many of great champions like Chiyonofuji a",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505287
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What 20th century musical entertainment machine derived its name from the West African word Gullah, meaning disorderly, or 'zigzag'?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Music 345: Race, Identity, and Representation in American Music | Student Blogs and Library Exhibit Companion Music 345: Race, Identity, and Representation in American Music Student Blogs and Library Exhibit Companion Search Reply “Head of Boxer”, painted by George Wesley Bellows This week we toured the St. Olaf Flaten Art Museum and studied several objects, including this painting, “Head of Boxer” by George Wesley Bellows. George Wesley Bellows George Wesley Bellows (1882-1925) was an American realist painter, known for his depictions of urban life in New York City. He was an artist from the Ashcan school of art, that were a group of realist painters that wanted to challenge and be set a part from American impressionists. Although Ashcan artists advocated for modern actualities, they were not so radical that they used their artwork for social criticism or reform. They identified with the vitality of the lower classes and illustrated the dismal aspects of urban existence. However, they themselves led middle-class lives and were influenced by New York’s restaurants, bars, theater and vaudeville. 1 Relating to other themes in our class, George Bellows was immersed in New York’s vaudeville scene around the same time of Charles Harris’ “After the Ball”, Howard and Emerson’s “Hello My Baby”, and Irving Berlin’s “Alexander’s Ragtime Band.” “The Ashcan artists selectively documented an unsettling, transitional time in American culture that was marked by confidence and doubt, excitement and trepidation. Ignoring or registering only gently harsh new realities such as the problems of immigration and urban poverty, they shone a positive light on their era.” — The Metropolitan Museum of Art In this painting, perhaps the rough brush strokes represent the difficulties the lower classes faced in society? Perhaps the mix of light and shadow on the boxer’s forehead show the transitional time in American culture? And perhaps the sad expression of the boxer represents the doubt and trepidation of the lower classes who struggle with problems of immigration and urban poverty. George Bellows painted the realities of the lower classes he saw around him in New York City. 1 Weinberg, H. Barbara. “The Ashcan School.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2000. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ashc/hd_ashc.htm Christopher O’Riley and Two Unidentified men- Now in St.Olaf Art Collection gelatin silver print on paper 8 in. x 10 in. (20.32 cm x 25.4 cm) 2008.272 Gift of © The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. This Photo that was showed in the collection is a photo taken by Andy Warhol, probably in early 1980s. It captured the moment when the young pianist Christopher O’riley played music for Andy Warhol and three other audiences. It would be risky to guess what O’riley was playing, but from where I stand, probably jazz. As what O’riley said when he thought of the good memory with Andy Warhol: Interview: http://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/christopher-o-riley-velvet-underground/#_ They were good friends. As what O’riley remembered, the man who introduced he to Andy Warhol was Stuart Pivar. Pivar went to a lot of auctions together with Warhol and they co-founded the New York Academy of Art. One of O’riley’s friends took him to Pivar’s house- and that was how he met Andy Warhol. O’riley often played music for Andy Warhol, Ford models, art collectors, and experts in the apartment. Taking these into account, through careful observation viewers might find out that all human figures in the photo can possibly be upper-middle class elite men, sitting in the delicate room with the art nouveau style lamp and Bouguereau-like academic painting on the wall. Even more interesting, Christopher O’riley started to host the National Public Radio program From the Top in a way that Andy Warhol suggested- do absolute O’riley’s music. In the show, He started to do groundbreaking transcriptions of the rock band Radiohead with his own interpretations of classical music and new repertoires, and this made him famous for his piano arrangement of rock music. As what",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505288
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Harry Lime theme was used in which film?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "My Choice - Anton Karas: Harry Lime Theme (Third Man) - YouTube My Choice - Anton Karas: Harry Lime Theme (Third Man) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Sep 9, 2011 The Harry Lime Theme (Engl. The Third Man Theme ) is an instrumental composition by Anton Karas for the film The Third Man and was named after the character in the movie, Harry Lime. We're showing some post war photos of Vienna. \"The Harry Lime Theme\" is an instrumental written and performed by Anton Karas for the soundtrack to the film The Third Man (1949). Karas was working as a zither player when director Carol Reed, during location scouting for the film, heard him playing in a beer garden. Reed wanted music that wasn't a waltz but would be appropriate to the city of Vienna, in which the film was set, so he asked Karas if he would write and record the film's score. Karas agreed, and he wrote the theme based on a melody in a practice book. The zither had not previously been widely used in English or American music, but the theme became popular with audiences of the film soon after its premiere. The tune was originally released in the U.K. in 1949, where it was known as 'The Harry Lime Theme.' Following its release in the U.S. in 1950, \"The Third Man Theme\" spent eleven weeks at number one on Billboard's U.S. Best Sellers in Stores chart. Its success led to a trend in releasing film theme music as singles. According to Faber and Faber, the different versions of the theme have collectively sold an estimated forty million copies. Anton Karas was born in Vienna of Hungarian and Czech origin, one of five children of a factory worker, Anton Karas was already keen on music as a child. He desired to become a band leader, which due to the family's financial situation was impossible. However, he was allowed to learn to play an instrument, as were his two brothers and two sisters. He later reported that his first zither was one he found in his grandmother's attic, at the age of 12. Music is copyrighted by its corresponding owners. No infringement of copyright is meant and if it does infringe, please message me and I'll remove it. -----------------------------------------------------------",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505289
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In Shakespeare who killed Macbeth?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "SparkNotes: Macbeth: Plot Overview Plot Overview Context Character List The play begins with the brief appearance of a trio of witches and then moves to a military camp, where the Scottish King Duncan hears the news that his generals, Macbeth and Banquo, have defeated two separate invading armies—one from Ireland, led by the rebel Macdonwald, and one from Norway. Following their pitched battle with these enemy forces, Macbeth and Banquo encounter the witches as they cross a moor. The witches prophesy that Macbeth will be made thane (a rank of Scottish nobility) of Cawdor and eventually King of Scotland. They also prophesy that Macbeth’s companion, Banquo, will beget a line of Scottish kings, although Banquo will never be king himself. The witches vanish, and Macbeth and Banquo treat their prophecies skeptically until some of King Duncan’s men come to thank the two generals for their victories in battle and to tell Macbeth that he has indeed been named thane of Cawdor. The previous thane betrayed Scotland by fighting for the Norwegians and Duncan has condemned him to death. Macbeth is intrigued by the possibility that the remainder of the witches’ prophecy—that he will be crowned king—might be true, but he is uncertain what to expect. He visits with King Duncan, and they plan to dine together at Inverness, Macbeth’s castle, that night. Macbeth writes ahead to his wife, Lady Macbeth, telling her all that has happened. Lady Macbeth suffers none of her husband’s uncertainty. She desires the kingship for him and wants him to murder Duncan in order to obtain it. When Macbeth arrives at Inverness, she overrides all of her husband’s objections and persuades him to kill the king that very night. He and Lady Macbeth plan to get Duncan’s two chamberlains drunk so they will black out; the next morning they will blame the murder on the chamberlains, who will be defenseless, as they will remember nothing. While Duncan is asleep, Macbeth stabs him, despite his doubts and a number of supernatural portents, including a vision of a bloody dagger. When Duncan’s death is discovered the next morning, Macbeth kills the chamberlains—ostensibly out of rage at their crime—and easily assumes the kingship. Duncan’s sons Malcolm and Donalbain flee to England and Ireland, respectively, fearing that whoever killed Duncan desires their demise as well. Fearful of the witches’ prophecy that Banquo’s heirs will seize the throne, Macbeth hires a group of murderers to kill Banquo and his son Fleance. They ambush Banquo on his way to a royal feast, but they fail to kill Fleance, who escapes into the night. Macbeth becomes furious: as long as Fleance is alive, he fears that his power remains insecure. At the feast that night, Banquo’s ghost visits Macbeth. When he sees the ghost, Macbeth raves fearfully, startling his guests, who include most of the great Scottish nobility. Lady Macbeth tries to neutralize the damage, but Macbeth’s kingship incites increasing resistance from his nobles and subjects. Frightened, Macbeth goes to visit the witches in their cavern. There, they show him a sequence of demons and spirits who present him with further prophecies: he must beware of Macduff, a Scottish nobleman who opposed Macbeth’s accession to the throne; he is incapable of being harmed by any man born of woman; and he will be safe until Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane Castle. Macbeth is relieved and feels secure, because he knows that all men are born of women and that forests cannot move. When he learns that Macduff has fled to England to join Malcolm, Macbeth orders that Macduff’s castle be seized and, most cruelly, that Lady Macduff and her children be murdered. When news of his family’s execution reaches Macduff in England, he is stricken with grief and vows revenge. Prince Malcolm, Duncan’s son, has succeeded in raising an army in England, and Macduff joins him as he rides to Scotland to challenge Macbeth’s forces. The invasion has the support of the Scottish nobles, who are appalled and frightened by Macbeth’s tyrannical and murderous behavior. Lady Macbeth, me",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505290
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the main ant from A Bug's Life?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A Bug's Life | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia “An epic presentation of miniature proportions.” ―Tagline A Bug's Life is a 1998 computer-animated Disney / Pixar movie. The film is loosely inspired by the fable \"The Ant and the Grasshopper\" and the classic samurai film The Seven Samurai, it is the second Pixar movie and tells the story of an outcast inventor ant named Flik ( Dave Foley ), who recruits a group of circus bugs he mistakes for warriors when his colony is threatened by a group of grasshoppers. It is the second animated The film was directed by John Lasseter and co-directed Andrew Stanton . The movie takes place during 1995 , the same year Toy Story was released. The film was widely acclaimed from both critics and audiences and, was a box office success, grossing $363 million worldwide against its $120 million budget. Contents [ show ] Plot Every year, a colony of ants is expected to harvest food for a biker-gang-like bunch of grasshoppers. One ant, Flik , is an inventor whose creations usually do more harm than good. While trying out a mechanical harvester, he drops his machine and on auto-pilot, it knocks the pile of food into a stream just before the grasshoppers arrive. Their leader, Hopper , gives the ants the rest of the season to make good on what they owe, but orders a double ration of food after Flik stands up to him in defense of the Queen's youngest daughter Dot , who then couldn't fly, due to haven't sprouted her wings yet. Flik is admonished by the colony's royal council. When Flik suggests that he try to recruit some \"warrior bugs\" to fight the grasshoppers, Princess Atta (Dot's older sister and the eventual successor to the Queen) allows him to do so, but only to keep him out of the way. Reaching the insect \"city\" (actually a pile of garbage), Flik encounters a troupe of unemployed circus bugs whose latest performance has just ended in disaster. He mistakes them for the warriors he needs. At the same time, they believe him to be a talent scout who wants to book their act. They return to the colony, much to Atta's surprise, and are immediately greeted as heroes who can end the grasshopper threat. Atta soon becomes suspicious after overhearing a conversation where both Flik and the troupe realize their mistakes. However, after they band together to save Dot from a hungry bird, she begins to think that the troupe may be able to stop the grasshoppers after all. She also starts to find herself falling in love with Flik and the feeling is mutual. At the grasshopper gang's hideout, Hopper's brother Molt suggests they do not go back since they have more than enough food stored and the weather will soon turn bad. Hopper reminds him and the gang that if they do not keep the ants living in fear, the ants might use their superior numbers (\"a hundred to one,\" he estimates) to run the grasshoppers out of the colony for good. The gang sets out for the island to collect their due. When Flik discovers that Hopper is afraid of birds (due to him almost getting eaten by one years ago), he proposes that the colony build a model bird to scare him away (the plan is presented by the circus bugs, so the royal council believes the \"warriors\" came up with the idea). The ants put their food-gathering work on hold to carry out this project. After they finish and put the bird in the island's tree, circus ringmaster P. T. Flea arrives looking for his missing performers and exposes the truth. The colony became furious that building the bird turned out to be a waste of time. Upset at Flik's deception, Atta orders him exiled from the colony, while the other ants hide the bird to pretend it never happened and rush to collect whatever food they can for Hopper. They are unable to meet the double quota he set, and when the gang arrives, Hopper takes over the anthill and forces the ants to bring him all the food on the island. Dot overhears the gang's plans to kill the Queen once they have all the food, and after a tangle with Hopper's crazed assistant Thumper , she sprouts her wings and catches up with Flik and the troupe. She",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505291
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; At which battle of 1403 was Sir Henry Percy aka Hotspur killed?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Warfare History Blog: Sir Hotspur's Uprising: The Battle of Shrewsbury, July 21, 1403 See the Battle between House Percy and Clan Douglas during the Anglo-Scots border conflict: Otterburn to Homildon Hill 1388-1402 for more. The motivations behind Sir Henry Percy, known to the Scots as 'Hotspur' (b.1364-1403), transformation from loyal knight in service to the realm regardless of whom was sitting on the throne in Westminster into a rebel and attainted traitor looking to kill his lawful king in battle, were complex. There is still some doubt historically as to exactly what Hotspur looked to accomplish in his rising. Certainly a catalyst for Hotspur's rebellion was a reaction to a society in both himself and his father were apart of. This hegemony and societal structure defined by the tenets of feudal service in the age of chivalry (coming to an end by the mid 1400's), amidst the violent life of the Anglo-Norman knight. Death of Hotspur on the field at Shrewsbury Both henry and his father the Earl of Northumberland expected titles, a moderately high salary, and a greater degree of autonomy in general. These men had additional personal grievances against King Henry IV and his household. Greatest amongst these were the apparent nullification of funds owed to the two men for service in Wales fighting for the King. Evidence supports that Hotspur may have had designs of his own in regards to the throne of England and/or Northumberland in 1402-1403, his motives are lost to history. No theory has ever been proven nor debunked by modern historians. [1] Hotspur's Rising 1402-1403 Nearing forty years old in the summer of 1402, the knight Sir Henry Percy began his rebellion with a proclamation which was entirely based on a lie crafted with the sole purpose of raising support in Cheshire, where former kings men and veterans of the Cheshire Guard, the household guard of the the deceased & dethroned ‘Good King Richard’, King Richard II, still resided by the hundreds. Hotspur had apparently made earlier calims that King Richard was returning from exile to ride at the head of the rebel army and that his father the Earl of Northumberland was bringing a Northern host to meet them and the Welsh as well. His pro Ricardian stance certainly won him admirers and soldiers within a few days time in the city of Chester with hundreds of former Cheshire Guard archers and ‘watchmen’ flocking to his standard. [2] For More see the post Prelude to Wars of the Roses, Usurpation, Rebellion, and medieval warfare 1387-140 3 . As Hostpur continued his march south in later June and into July, he began to collect a diverse rebel host made up of Northumbrian men, Cheshire, Welshmen, and Scotsmen. He began even to hear whispers of king associated with his name when the Cheshire men soon realized that King Richard would not be rising from the dead to lead them into London. It was clear in late June that it would be Hotspur alone who would lead this army south to face the royal army led by King Henry and the young Prince of Wales. King Richard II, who from beyond the grave inspired numerous plots against King Henry IV from his imprisonment to death 1399-1400, until the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403 Battle of Shrewsbury July 1403 The single most intriguing event taking place before the Battle of Shrewsbury was the defection from the royal army(and therefor from the Kings' Peace) of Hotspur’s uncle the Earl of Worcester just days before the battle was fought. Almost nothing is known about the events surrounding his betrayal of the Prince of Wales who the Worcester had known well. He had been a retainer and battle-companion of young Prince Henry as a commander during the King's campaign in Wales, 1400-1403. The impact militarily on paper at least was significant, the Earl of Worcester bringing 1,000 men, mostly archers and lightly armed men of foot, over to Hotspurs rebel army. Another interesting caveat pertaining to the composition of Hotspurs army was the appearance, amongst the many other varying banners of the rebel army, of the ‘heart of Robert the Bruce’ an",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505292
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In October 1870, Britain issued its smallest ever (in size), postage stamp. It is known in philatelic circles as a bantam. How much did it cost?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Stamps Info I Inherited a Stamp Collection... This article could have just as easily been titled, \"I just found some stamps in an old desk...\" or \"I found my old stamp collection up in the attic from when I was a kid...\" or some similar theme. This is intended for someone who knows next to nothing about stamp collecting, has come into possession of some stamps and wishes to know what they are worth. As with all collectible items, stamps are worth what someone is willing to pay for them. Learning what that might be will require doing your homework. It is highly unlikely that you will instantly find someone who will give you enough for your retirement, but by searching through the philatelic world for the best place to sell your stamps, you could do very well. The first step in educating yourself should be to check your local public library for a Scott or Minkus (or other) stamp catalog. Check the catalog out from the library, take it home, and compare your stamps to the listings. Read the introductory paragraphs in the catalog to see how stamps' values are determined and how you should judge the stamps. Remember that stamp catalog values are for excellent examples of each given stamp and that stamps with heavy cancels or tears or pieces missing will bring much less, if anything at all. And remember that most unused stamps released since 1940 aren't worth much more than face value if you're trying to sell them; a lot of those you can use for postage. Also be aware that a dealer will likely pay less than half catalog value, since he has to make his profit margin and cover his expenses to stay in business selling stamps. After you've consulted a catalog, if you don't know any stamp collectors to ask, check your local yellow pages for stamp dealers. Find three or four if you can and ask them to take a look at your stamps. This process will take time, and you will have to go to their locations to get them to look at your stamps. Or if a stamp show is held in your area, go to the show and ask dealers there. In the stamp business, as in any collectibles area, you need to find the right dealer for the material you have. The \"right\" dealer will know to whom he can resell your material. As you \"do your homework\" by asking several dealers about value, you will begin to get an idea of the true worth of your stamps. You will have to use your own judgement to evaluate the honesty of those you ask, but you will find that most are honest, even if they're not knowledgeable. If your stamps turn out to be fairly valuable (hundreds or thousands of dollars), it might be worth your while to offer the material at auction. As with finding a dealer, you'd need to do your homework on auction houses to find the best place to offer your stamps. The point of all this is that the more time you spend \"doing your homework,\" the better price realization you are likely to get for your stamps. You may find that after only a short search for information you will learn that what you have isn't worth much. That is the most likely outcome. However, if the collection was put together by a knowledgeable collector, it may well have \"goodies\" that have appreciated tremendously over the decades. There's only one way for you to find out if that's true: Do your homework!! After doing your homework, you may find yourself fascinated to the point you will not only be the owner of an old collection but a builder of a new and better collection! How is a postage stamp made? Background The postage stamp is a relatively modern invention, first proposed in 1837 when Sir Rowland Hill, an English teacher and tax reformer, published a seminal pamphlet entitled Post Office Reform: Its Importance and Practicability. Among other reforms, Hill's treatise advocated that the English cease basing postal rates on the distance a letter traveled and collecting fees upon delivery. Instead, he argued, they should assess fees based on weight and require prepayment in the form of stamps. Hill's ideas were accepted almost immediately, and the first English adhesive",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505293
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What island was previously called Formosa?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Island Formerly known as Formosa - Food and Travel TRAVEL BOOKS The Island Formerly known as Formosa It's so easy isn't it - to pigeonhole one place in relation to another? Yet it is the habit of travellers. We seem always to want to explain a country in the terms of somewhere else. So it is, in the middle of Taipei, capital of Taiwan (formerly Formosa) I find myself saying, 'Hmmm'..this is just like China - without the bicycles'. And it is. Except here, at the traffic lights, there's a brimming tide of motor scooters, bearing sometimes a whole family, and noisily gunning off the instant the lights change. In China, the intersection would be dense with hundreds of bikes, wobbling as they waited their turn. In fact the whole city, it seems spins a kaleidoscope of half-memories, quasi-comparisons in my mind. This corner - is it like Bangkok? Or maybe Kuala Lumpur? Those sleek office buildings - surely I saw the same in Singapore. And those interminable silent armies of apartment blocks, each capped with a tiny pagoda style roof. That was Penang, right? Of course as you start to acclimatise to Taipei, its personality emerges. Talk to the people and you see the differences to their Chinese neighbours across the Taiwan Strait. The people are still proudly Chinese by race, but Taiwan is carefully named the Republic of China, not the PROC (People's Republic), as China is termed. Yet it is the people that have made this country, building it in half a century from a country annexed by Japan to a self-sufficient one trading with the world. Located north-east of Hong Kong, and almost 400 kilometres long straddling the Tropic of Cancer, to most westerners Taiwan appears dangerously vulnerable now that Hong Kong is finally a Chinese Territory. We imagine China's eyes focussed with avarice on this small and economically valuable country. Yet the locals laugh when we cautiously raise the subject. Whether it is bravado or not, most simply say they believe China has too much to worry about - controlling its population, stretching its capitalistic muscles - to be too bothered about tiny Taiwan. You have to hope they are correct. So Taiwan gets on with growing and producing. Here there are families with several children, pollution is being addressed, technology increases and the economy looks as healthy as the mop-headed kiddies in brilliant nylon parkas that bring colour to even the greyest scenes. I was grateful for these especially when I visited hot springs in the hills north of Taipei. Here the cement-coloured mud, plopping sullenly, was matched only by the clouds that almost touched us. Steam seeped from crevices and a sulphurous stench stuck to us all. Enter a busload of eager schoolchildren, brilliant in their cool-weather gear, who swarmed over the telescopes and safety fences, measured the ground temperature and gaped in amazement at the moonscape around us, brightening my pictures as they did so. That small event seemed to make sense of this country to me. Sure there is pollution, but many countries are more affected. There are earthquakes - a major one devastated parts to the south of Taipei last September, and there were even two minor ones in the few days I was in the country - but buildings have been constructed using the latest technology to withstand tremors. Prices are high - or is that simply a reflection on the Aussie dollar which fares badly in so many places worldwide? Despite this, Taiwan still manages a brightness, a youthfulness, that exudes hope and optimism. This massive city and its suburbs accounts for around half the country's 20 million population, and has much to offer. The Lungshan Temple is more like a bustling community market. Fruit and foods are laid out on tables, and girls chattering on mobile phones and juggling designer shopping bags, dash in to grab a handful of joss sticks and offer a quick prayer towards the Goddess of Mercy, benignly surveying the crowds from her vantage point. Visitors to Taipei can view priceless Chinese antiques too, rescued from the mainland before the Cultural Revolutio",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505294
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who in 1964 became the first female group to have a Number 1 hit in the UK?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com Back To The 'Records & Trivia' Index Most Number 1s This, possibly the most important record, is held by Elvis Presley. He has had 21 chart-toppers, 18 of them different songs (three titles have topped the chart on two distinctly separate chart runs as part of the series of re-issues to commemorate what would have been Elvis' 70th birthday in 2005). You can see how this record has 'changed hands' over the years here . The Beatles are the top group with 17 number 1s. Madonna is the top woman with 13 (as of April 2008). Top female group is The Spice Girls with 9. Only seven acts in chart history have got into double figures with their tally of chart-toppers. They are: Elvis Presley (21, 18 different songs), The Beatles (17), Cliff Richard (14 : six of them with The Shadows, one with The Drifters, one with The Young Ones), Westlife (14 : one of them with Mariah Carey), Madonna (13), The Shadows (11 : six of them with Cliff Richard, two of these also with The Norrie Paramor Strings) and Take That (11: one featuring Lulu). Westlife hold the record for getting into double-figures in the shortest time (2 years and 10 months [ie. 149 weeks] - more than 3 months quicker than The Beatles (who took 165 weeks). Unlike Westlife, however, The Beatles tended to spend several weeks at the summit, slowing down their release rate.) It is worth pointing out that Paul McCartney has appeared on more Number 1s than any other artist under a diverse range of credits. He has, in fact, appeared on 24 Number 1s; solo (1), with Wings (1), Stevie Wonder, The Christians et al (1), Ferry Aid (1), Band Aid (1), Band Aid 20 (1) and The Beatles (17). In total, twenty-one artists have appeared on ten or more number one singles. They are: Paul McCartney (24), Elvis Presley (21), John Lennon (20), George Harrison (18), Ringo Starr (16), Cliff Richard (15), Nicky Byrne, Kian Egan, Mark Feehily, Shane Filan (14), Robbie Williams, Madonna (13), Gary Barlow, Brian McFadden (12), Mel C , Geri Halliwell (11), Mel B, Emma Bunton, Howard Donald, Jason Orange, Mark Owen (10). Artist with Most Weeks at Number 1 It's Elvis Presley. He has topped the chart for a total of 80 weeks (as of w/e 5th Feb 2005). Top group is The Beatles (69 weeks). Top female performer is Madonna (29 weeks - as of w/e 17th May 2008). In his many different manifestations, however, Paul McCartney has spent 93 weeks at the top. Most Consecutive Number 1s 7 - by The Beatles and Westlife. The Beatles' stretch began with \"A Hard Day's Night\" in 1964 and lasted to \"Yellow Submarine\"/\"Eleanor Rigby\" in 1966. The run was broken when \"Penny Lane\"/\"Strawberry Fields Forever\" merely made the number 2 position the following year! Westlife's stint began with their debut, \"Swear it Again\" in 1999 and ran through to \"My Love\" in November 2000 (though one hit was a 'duet' with Mariah Carey). It was broken by \"What Makes A Man\" which peaked at number 2 the following month. Beatles fans are, however, quick to point out that \"Ain't She Sweet\" (which made number 29 in 1964) was recorded in 1961, well before their EMI contract. It was issued by Polydor to 'cash in' on the success of the fab four. Fans argue that this was not an \"official\" Beatles release. If this logic is accepted (though the track did make the charts), The Beatles run of successive number ones begins with \"From Me To You\" in April 1963 - making a total of 11. Top female group is The Spice Girls (6 in a row from \"Wannabe\" through to \"Too Much\"). Longest Span of Number 1 Singles 47 years, 6 months and 23 days. Held by Elvis Presley. His first number 1 was \"All Shook Up\" in 1957 (w/e 13th June). His most recent chart-topper was the re-issue of \"It's Now Or Never\" in 2005 (w/e 5th Feb). Runner up is Cliff Richard. His first chart-topper was \"Living Doll\" in 1959. His latest was \"The Millennium Prayer\" in 1999, a span of 40, 4 months and 15 days. (+ 21 days for total span). Longest span for a female artist with solo credit is Madonna on 20 Years, 7 Months, 1 Day (from \"Into The Groove\", 3rd Aug 1985 to",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505295
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"From which sport do we get the expression \"\"Thrown a curve ball\"\"?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Throw a curve - Idioms by The Free Dictionary Throw a curve - Idioms by The Free Dictionary http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/throw+a+curve throw someone a curve 1. Lit. to pitch a curveball to someone in baseball. (See pitch someone a curve(ball).) The pitcher threw John a curve, and John swung wildly against thin air. During that game, the pitcher threw everyone a curve at least once. 2. Fig. to confuse someone by doing something tricky or unexpected. When you said \"house\" you threw me a curve. The password was supposed to be \"home.\" John threw me a curve when we were making our presentation, and I forgot my speech. throw somebody a curve also throw a curve at somebody to surprise someone with a problem or something unexpected Bill threw me a curve by asking me to go to the theater with him instead of a hockey game. Usage notes: also used in the form throw someone a curveball Etymology: from the curve in baseball (a type of throw to the person at bat that does not travel in a direct route ) throw (somebody) a curve (ball) (American & Australian informal) to surprise someone with something that is difficult or unpleasant to deal with The weather threw a curve at their barbecue and they had to eat indoors.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505296
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which garden plant, with small, white bell shaped flowers, has the Latin name Convallaria Majalis?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Plants That Have Bell-Like Flowers | Home Guides | SF Gate Plants That Have Bell-Like Flowers Plants That Have Bell-Like Flowers The aptly named bellflower adds color and beauty to any garden. Bell-shaped flowers typically have wide tubes and flared petal tips that give them their form. Yet the term covers a range of plants -- the width and length of both the tubes and the tips of the blooms may vary. There are numerous examples of bell-shaped flowers, both large and small, that are easy to recognize. Bellflower Bellflower (Campanula), with a genus name based on the Latin word for bell, “campana,” epitomizes its name. Most bellflowers are perennials, though some species are biennials or annuals. The blue, white, pink or lavender flowers rise on stalks from 6 inches to 2 feet tall, on either upright or mounding shapes. Different species of bellflowers grow in different U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones. In shaded gardens in USDA zones 1 through 10b, you can grow Campanula glomerata, while Campanula lactiflora grows in either sun or part shade in USDA zones 5b through 10b. All bellflowers need well-drained soil and watering either once a week in warmer climates or once every few weeks in cooler climates. Foxglove Foxglove flowers have a somewhat longer tube than bellflowers. The flowers grow on tall stalks from clumps of large leaves, ranging from purple to white to a variety of pinks. Common foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is a biennial that thrives in USDA plant hardiness zones 5a through 10b and can reach 4 feet or taller. It thrives in partial or full shade, but you can grow it if you live in a cool climate. All foxgloves need regular watering once a week, and all are poisonous if ingested. Lily of the Valley and Coral Bells Lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis) and Coral bells (Heuchera) are perennials with dainty, bell-shaped flowers dangling from slender stalks. Both grow best in partial shade, although coral bells can grow in full sun if your climate isn't too hot. Lily of the valley flowers are primarily white, with some pink varieties, and hang to one side of the stalk, flanked by broad, glossy leaves. Coral bell flowers can be white, green, red or pink, but the plant is more prized for its leaves, which have scalloped edges and come in many multihued colors. Lily of the valley grows best in USDA plant hardiness zones 1 through 9b and coral bells in USDA zones 5b through 10b. Fuchsia Grown as annuals in most areas, fuchsia (Fuchsia x hybrida) last through the winter only in USDA plant hardiness zones 10 and 11. Its multicolored flowers are bell-shaped with additional petals above the bells and stamens dangling from the bottom of the bell. Gardeners use shrub fuchsias in garden borders and either upright plants or trailing varieties in containers. Fuchsia do best in part to full shade and need a rich, organic soil that retains moisture.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505297
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the provincial capital of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Halifax, the Capital of Nova Scotia, Canada Updated: 11/29/2014 About Halifax, Nova Scotia Halifax is the capital of the province of Nova Scotia , Canada. The largest urban area in the Atlantic provinces , Halifax looks out over one of the world's largest natural harbours and is an important seaport. Nature lovers will find sandy beaches, beautiful gardens and hiking, birding and beachcombing. Urbanites can enjoy the symphony, live theatre, art galleries and museums, and a lively nightlife. Halifax is an affordable city that provides a mix of Canadian history and modern living, with the constant influence of the sea. Location of Halifax, Nova Scotia Halifax is located in the centre of the east coast of Nova Scotia facing the North Atlantic Ocean. Area of the Halifax Regional Municipality 5,490.28 sq. km (2,119.81 sq. miles) (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Population of the Halifax Regional Municipality 390,096 (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Date Halifax Incorporated as a City Halifax was incorporated as a city in 1841. In 1996 it was amalgamated with neighbouring communities into the Halifax Regional Municipality. Government of Halifax Halifax municipal elections are held every four years on the third Saturday in October. Date of the last Halifax municpal election: Saturday, October 20, 2012 Date of the next Halifax municpal election: Saturday, October 15, 2016 The Halifax Regional Council is the main governing and legislative body for the Halifax Regional Municipality. The Halifax Regional Council is made up of 17 elected representatives: the mayor and 16 municipal councillors. Trans Canada Trail Weather in Halifax Halifax weather is influenced by the ocean. Winters are mild and summers are cool. Halifax is foggy and misty, with fog on more than 100 days of the year, especially in spring and early summer. Winters in Halifax are moderate, but wet with both rain and snow. The average high temperature in January is 2°C (29°F). Spring comes slowly, and eventually arrives in April. It too brings rain and fog. Summers in Halifax are short, but beautiful. In July the average high temperature is 23°C (74°F). By late summer or early fall, Halifax may feel the tail end of a hurricane or tropical storm.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505298
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Mock Turtle Soup is traditionally made from the head of a?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Kitchen Project - \"Turtle Soup and Mock Turtle Soup \" About TURTLE SOUP by Janet Clarkson Turtle soup was popular in the 19th century probably as a symbol of opulence - particularly during the Victorian era. It was considered essential at ceremonial dinners - for example it was always on the menu for the Lord Mayors banquets in London. The soup was made from the green cartilage that lines the shell of the turtle (no doubt the meat was added too) - this gave it a particularly gelatinous texture. I suspect it was food snobbery which helped make it popular - it was imported and therefore expensive, and only for the wealthy. I suppose this led inevitably to the \"Mock\" variety appearing in the early 1800's. Apparently 15,000 turtles a year were imported into England from the Cayman Islands (to my knowledge it is the only place in the world which now has farmed green turtles) They nearly became extinct in many areas, and are still protected in most places. I suppose that meant that Mock Turtle was the only turtle soup for anyone! I did read once that Abe Lincoln was a thrifty chap - so no doubt this is why he personally ordered the soup for that day. Mock Turtle Soup Mrs. Beeton (first ed 1861) She gives 2 recipes, and the second one (called \"More Economical\") uses veal knuckle. A knuckle of veal weighing 5 or 6 lbs., 2 cow heels, 2 large onions stuck with cloves, 1 bunch of sweet herbs, 3 blades of mace, 4 quarts of water. Put all the ingredients, except the forcemeat balls and lemon juice in an earthen jar, and stew for 6 hours. Do not open it till cold, When wanted for use, skim off all the fat, and strain carefully; place it on the fire, cut up the meat into inch and a half squares, put it, with the forcemeat balls and lemon juice, into the soup, and serve. It can be flavoured with a teaspoonful of anchovy, or Harvey's sauce. Sufficient for 10 persons she says. Forcemeat balls She gives a lot of recipes for different forcemeat balls for various dishes - the one for turtle soup is \"Soyer's recipe\" (he got around that guy) Take a pound and a half of lean veal from the fillet, and cut it in long thin slices; scrape with a knife till nothing but the fibre remains; put it in a mortar, pound it 10 minutes, or until a puree; pass it through a wire sieve (use the remainder in stock); then take 1 pound of good fresh beef suet, which skin, shred, and chop very fine; put in a mortar and pound it; then add 6oz of panada (that is, bread soaked in milk and boiled till nearly dry) with the suet; pound them well together, add the veal,; season with a teaspoonful of salt, a quarter of one of pepper, half that of nutmeg; work all well together; then add four and eggs by degrees, continually pounding the contents of the mortar. When well mixed, take small pieces in a spoon, and poach in some boiling water; and if it is delicate, firm, and of a good flavour, it is ready for use. Mock Turtle Soup 2 From Mary Randolph's, The Virginia Housewife . It was first printed in 1824, and this recipe comes from the 1860 edition Have a large head(of a calf or veal) cleaned nicely without taking off the skin, divide the chop from the front of the head, take out the tongue, (which is best when salted,) put on the head with a gallon of water, the hock of a ham or a piece of nice pork, four or five onions, thyme, parsley, cloves and nutmeg, pepper and salt, boil all these together until the flesh on the head is quite tender, then take it up, cut all into small pieces, take the eyes out carefully, strain the water in which it was boiled, add half a pint of wine and a g",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505299
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Upminster and Wimbledon are termini of which London Underground line ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "District to 013 Check Front of Train Between Hornchurch and Upminster Bridge 3 mins District to 125 Check Front of Train Between Becontree and Dagenham East 11 mins District to 014 Check Front of Train Between Upney and Dagenham Heathway 13 mins District to 126 Check Front of Train At East Ham Platform 2 22 mins District to 067 Check Front of Train At West Ham Platform 2 28 mins",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505300
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"What musical term means \"\"an immediate reduction in pace\"\"?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Music Theory Dictionary - The Method Behind the Music The Method Behind The Music Contact Us Jargon This is a quick guide to common music terms. It should smooth out confusions caused by too much music jargon. A Accent An accent is an emphasis on one note. Accents come in three types: dynamic, agogic, and tonic. This is the accent symbol <. Accelerando Italian. (accel). Directs the musicians to play with gradually increasing tempo. Accidental Symbols which are used to raised or lower the pitch of a note by one half step. Ex: sharps, flats, and naturals. Adagio Italian. (affret.) Quickening or hurrying. Allargando Italian. Gradually slower, louder, and broader. Allegretto Italian. (alltto.) Light and cheerful, faster than moderato, slower than allegro. Allegro Italian. A fast tempo. In Italian the word means lively or merry. Andante Italian. A moderately slow tempo. In Italian the word means walking. Arpeggation Playing the notes of a chord one after the other. Assai The vertical lines drawn across the staff to indicate the measures in a musical composition. Beam A broad, straight line connecting two or more eighth notes. Beat The steady pulse of music. Beats form the basis of sense of musical time. Blue tone Blue tones ('worried' tones) are tones that are between the diatonic and flatted thirds and sevenths, which characterize the blues scales. Blues scale A major scale with a flat third and seventh. It must be remembered that the flat third and seventh were sometimes 'worried' notes, thus their pitches did not always correspond to equal-tempered tuning. Boogie-woogie A modern blues style created for instrumental application. Boogie-woogie is characterized by adaptation of the ground bass principle - a repetitious bass figure that suggests the blues chord progression. Brio Italian With vigor and spirit. C A melody that can be sung against itself in imitation. Also called a round. Chord A combination of three or more pitches sounding at the same time. Chordal Texture A texture in which the musical material is concentrated into chords with relatively little melodic activity. Circle of Fifths A clockface arrangement of the twelve pitches in the order of the number of accidentals in the key signature. Common Time - C Another name for a 4/4 meter signature, sometimes written as a large capital C in place of a meter signature. Compound Division The division of the beat into three equal parts. Compound Meter A meter in which the beats have a compound division. Consonance A combination of sounds producing a feeling of stability, or of little desire for resolution. Crescendo Italian. (cresc.) A gradual increase in loudness. Cut Time Another name for the 2/2 meter signature, it is written as a large capital C with a line drawn vertically through it. D Italian. (D.C.) Repeat from the beginning. Dal segno Italian. (D.S.) Repeat from sign. Degree One of the notes in a scale. Degrees are usually numbered starting with the tonic. Decrescendo Italian. (decresc.) A gradual decrease in loudness. Diatonic Any one of the common scales made of whole and half steps in a particular pattern. The white keys on a piano instrument from a diatonic scale. Diminuendo A combination of sounds that produce harsh, discordant results, and increase the desire for resolution. Do The solfeggio syllable that corresponds to the tonic. Dolce Italian. (dol.) Softly, sweetly, delicately. Dominant The fifth scale degree of a diatonic scale. The solfeggio syllable Sol corresponds to the Dominant. Double Flat A symbol written to the left of the note head, which lowers the pitch by a whole step. It is double the effect of a single flat. The symbol looks like two flats connected. Double Sharp Written to the left of a note, The double sharp raises the pitch of a note by a whole step. It is double the effect of a single sharp. The symbol looks like an X. Duple Meter A meter that consists of two beats. Dynamic Accent Often indicated with an accent sign, This is an accent created when one note is louder than surrounding notes. E Two tones having the same pitch but differ",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505301
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; According to Winston Churchill, in a speech of 1946, the Iron Curtain ran from Stettin in the Baltic to which other port?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Iron Curtain Speech by Winston Churchill Share By Jennifer Rosenberg Nine months after Sir Winston Churchill failed to be reelected as Britain's Prime Minister, Churchill traveled by train with President Harry Truman to make a speech. On March 5, 1946, at the request of Westminster College in the small Missouri town of Fulton (population of 7,000), Churchill gave his now famous \"Iron Curtain\" speech to a crowd of 40,000. In addition to accepting an honorary degree from the college, Churchill made one of his most famous post-war speeches. In this speech, Churchill gave the very descriptive phrase that surprised the United States and Britain, \"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.\" Before this speech, the U.S. and Britain had been concerned with their own post-war economies and had remained extremely grateful for the Soviet Union's proactive role in ending World War II . It was Churchill's speech, which he titled \"The Sinews of Peace,\" that changed the way the democratic West viewed the Communist East. continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance Though many people believe that Churchill coined the phrase \"the iron curtain\" during this speech, the term had actually been used for decades (including in several earlier letters from Churchill to Truman). Churchill's use of the phrase gave it wider circulation and made the phrase popularly recognized as the division of Europe into East and West. Many people consider Churchill's \"iron curtain speech\" the beginning of the Cold War. Below is Churchill's \"The Sinews of Peace\" speech, also commonly referred to as the \"Iron Curtain\" speech, in its entirety. \"The Sinews of Peace\" by Winston Churchill I am glad to come to Westminster College this afternoon, and am complimented that you should give me a degree. The name \"Westminster\" is somehow familiar to me. I seem to have heard of it before. Indeed, it was at Westminster that I received a very large part of my education in politics, dialectic, rhetoric, and one or two other things. In fact we have both been educated at the same, or similar, or, at any rate, kindred establishments. It is also an honour, perhaps almost unique, for a private visitor to be introduced to an academic audience by the President of the United States. Amid his heavy burdens, duties, and responsibilities - unsought but not recoiled from - the President has travelled a thousand miles to dignify and magnify our meeting here to-day and to give me an opportunity of addressing this kindred nation, as well as my own countrymen across the ocean, and perhaps some other countries too. The President has told you that it is his wish, as I am sure it is yours, that I should have full liberty to give my true and faithful counsel in these anxious and baffling times. I shall certainly avail myself of this freedom, and feel the more right to do so because any private ambitions I may have cherished in my younger days have been satisfied beyond my wildest dreams. Let me, however, make it clear that I have no official mission or status of any kind, and that I speak only for myself. There is nothing here but what you see. I can therefore allow my mind, with the experience of a lifetime, to play over the problems which beset us on the morrow of our absolute victory in arms, and to try to make sure with what strength I have that what has been gained with so much sacrifice and suffering shall be preserved for the future glory and safety of mankind. The United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power. It is a solemn moment for the American Democracy. For with primacy in power is also joined an awe-inspiring accountability to the future. If you look around you, you must feel not only the sense of duty done but also you must feel anxiety lest you fall below the level of achievement. Opportunity is here now, clear and shining for both our countries. To reject it or ignore it or fritter it away will bring upon us all the long reproaches of the after-time. It is necessary that co",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505302
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Household Cavalry is made up of two regiments, the Life Guards and which other regiment?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Household Cavalry | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Soldiers of the Blues and Royals and Life Guards performing ceremonial duties at Windsor The Household Cavalry as a whole is split into two different units which fulfil two very distinct roles. These are both joint units, consisting of personnel from both regiments. Like other Cavalry formations, the Household Cavalry is divided into regiments ( battalion -sized units) and squadrons ( company -sized sub-units). The whole corps is under the command of the Commander Household Cavalry (formerly Lieutenant-Colonel Commanding Household Cavalry), who also holds the Royal Household appointment of Silver Stick in Waiting. He is a Colonel , and is assisted by a retired lieutenant colonel as Regimental Adjutant . The current Commander is Colonel S H Cowan RHG/D. The first unit is the Household Cavalry Regiment (HCR). It has an active operational role as a Formation Reconnaissance Regiment , serving in armoured fighting vehicles , which has seen them at the forefront of the nation's conflicts. The regiment serves as part of the Royal Armoured Corps , and forms one of five formation reconnaissance regiments in the British Army's order of battle. The HCR has four operational squadrons, three of which are traditional medium reconnaissance squadrons equipped with the combat vehicle reconnaissance (tracked) or CVR(T) range of vehicles (Scimitar, Spartan, Sultan, Samson and Samaritan) and the fourth is referred to as Command and Support Squadron and includes specialists such as Forward Air Controllers . One of HCR's squadrons is assigned to the airborne role with 16 Air Assault Brigade as of 2003. The Regiment is based at Combermere Barracks , Windsor, one mile from Windsor Castle . The men of the Household Division have sometimes been required to undertake special tasks as the Sovereign’s personal troops. The Household Cavalry were called to Windsor Castle on 20 November 1992, to assist with salvage operations following the 'Great Fire' . The second unit is the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment (HCMR), which is horsed and carries out mounted (and some dismounted) ceremonial duties on State and Royal occasions. These include the provision of a Sovereign's Escort, most commonly seen on The Queen's Birthday Parade ( Trooping the Colour ) in June each year. Other occasions include State Visits by visiting Heads of State, or whenever required by the British monarch . The regiment also mounts the guard at Horse Guards . HCMR consists of one squadron from The Life Guards and one from The Blues and Royals and a squadron called Headquarters Squadron which is responsible for all administrative matters and includes regimental headquarters (RHQ), the Riding Staff, Farriers, Tailors and Saddlers. The Regiment has been based (in various forms) at Hyde Park Barracks , Knightsbridge , since 1795. This is three-quarters of a mile from Buckingham Palace. Rank structure Edit Trooper of the Blues and Royals The rank names and insignia of non-commissioned officers in the Household Cavalry are unique in the British Army: Privates in the Household Cavalry, as in several of the regiments in the Royal Armoured Corps , are called \" Troopers \" Technically, Lance Corporal of Horse is an appointment rather than a rank: a new Household Cavalry corporal is automatically and immediately appointed lance corporal of horse (LCoH), and is referred to as such thereafter. The Warrant Officer ranks are the same as the rest of the army, but appointments include Regimental Quartermaster Corporal and Squadron Corporal Major (WO2) and Farrier Corporal Major and Regimental Corporal Major (WO1), again excluding the word sergeant. Formerly, sergeant was exclusively an infantry rank: no cavalry regiment had sergeants. Only the Household Cavalry now maintains this tradition, possibly because sergeant derives from the Latin serviens (meaning servant) and members of the Household Cavalry, once drawn exclusively from the gentry and aristocracy, could not abide such a title. However this origin may be apocryphal, since ser",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505303
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the Cambridge University dramatic club whose presidents have included Peter Cook, Hugh Laurie and David Mitchell ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "David Mitchell at University... with Richard Ayoade and John Oliver! : MitchellAndWebb (1 child) Cool photo. I imagine this is from when they were all in Footlights together, where Mitchell (and later Ayoade) were both President. Robert Webb, Olivia Colman and James Bachmann were all in Footlights as well. EDIT: From the looks of it, other people who would have been there at the time include brilliant comedian Simon Munnery, Matthew Holness, known for Garth Marenghi's Darkplace (also brilliant), stand-up comedian Tim Key, and... Shadow Education Secretary Tristram Hunt. Hmm.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505304
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Spanish confectionary company’s logo was designed in 1969 by artist Salvador Dalí?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Salvador Dalí's Real Masterpiece: The Logo For Chupa Chups Lollipops | Co.Design | business + design Salvador Dalí's Real Masterpiece: The Logo For Chupa Chups Lollipops Working at a cafe table for an hour, Salvador Dalí managed to design a logo that’s sold billions. Recent posts Follow The Life Of Plastic In Photos, From The Factory To The Ocean This Company Is Challenging Apple's Design Empire With A $129 Computer William Gibson's \"Neuromancer\" Gets A Cover Made With--What Else?--Code Everything Is Awful So Let's All Escape To This Treehouse For Grown-Ups Belinda Lanks 03.08.12 9:22 AM Salvador Dalí, the wacky surrealist known for his signature pointy mustache and painting melting clocks, was also graphic designer behind the classic Chupa Chups—an enduringly sweet, bright rendition of a daisy. The Catalan lollipop made its first appearance in 1958, when the company founder Enric Bernat hatched the idea of placing a bonbon on a stick. He called the product \"GOL,\" imagining the candy as a soccer ball and the open mouth a net. It didn’t go over well. So Bernat hired an ad agency that renamed his product \"Chupa Chups\" (from the Spanish chupar, meaning \"to suck\"). All that was left was the branding. In 1969 , Bernat complained about what he had while having coffee with his artist friend—none other than Salvador Dalí. You need a logo?! According to lore , the painter went to work immediately, doodling for an hour on newspapers that were laying around. Dalí's version masterfully integrated the wordmark into the daisy design, and has hardly changed since. And Phaidon points us to one subtle, extremely smart feature of the design: Acutely aware of presentation, Dalí insisted that his design be placed on top of the lolly, rather than the side, so that it could always be viewed intact. It’s proved to be one of the most enduring pieces of branding ever and one that’s still used today, four billion sales later. What would induce the famous artist to take on such a project? Dinero. The guy rarely turned it down, causing surrealist poet André Breton to nickname him \"Avida Dollars\"—an anagram of Dalí's name that roughly translates to \"eager for cash.\" [Image: p4nc0np4n ] Never miss a story.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505305
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In what year did US singer Del Shannon die?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Del Shannon dies of a self-inflicted gunshot wound - Feb 08, 1990 - HISTORY.com Del Shannon dies of a self-inflicted gunshot wound Share this: Del Shannon dies of a self-inflicted gunshot wound Author Del Shannon dies of a self-inflicted gunshot wound URL Publisher A+E Networks Born Charles Westover in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1934, the singer/songwriter known as Del Shannon committed suicide on this day in 1990. In a period when the American pop charts were dominated by cookie-cutter teen idols and novelty acts, he stood out as an all-too-rare example of an American pop star whose work reflected real originality. His heyday as a chart-friendly star in the United States may have been brief, but on the strength of his biggest hit alone he deserves to be regarded as one of rock and roll’s greatest. Legend has it that while on stage one night at the Hi-Lo Lounge in Battle Creek, Michigan, in 1960, the young and unknown Del Shannon stopped his band mid-song to have his organ player repeat, over and over, an unusual chord sequence he had just ad-libbed: A-minor to G. Charlie went to work the next day in his job as a carpet salesman with those chords stuck in his mind, and by the time he took the stage that night, he’d written a song called “Little Runaway” around them—(A-minor) As I walk along I (G) wonder, what went wrong…”. It would be three more months before Shannon and his band could make it to a New York recording studio to record the song that Shannon now saw as his best, and possibly last, shot at stardom. As he told Billboard magazine years later, “I just said to myself, if this record isn’t a hit, I’m going back into the carpet business.” Del Shannon sold his last carpet a few months later, as “Runaway” roared up the pop charts on its way to #1 in April 1961. “Hats Off To Larry” and “Keep Searchin’ (We’ll Follow The Sun)” were Shannon’s only other top-10 hits in the United States, but he enjoyed a much bigger career in the UK, where he placed five more songs in the top 10 over the next two years. Like most stars of his generation, Shannon was primarily regarded as an Oldies act through the 70s and 80s, but he was in the midst of a concerted comeback effort in early 1990, with a Jeff Lynne-produced album of original material already completed and rumors swirling of his taking the late Roy Orbison’s place in The Traveling Wilburys. This only added to the shock experienced by many when Shannon shot himself in his Santa Clarita, California, home on February 3, 1990. Shannon’s widow would later file a high-profile lawsuit against Eli Lilly, the manufacturer of the antidepressant Prozac, which Shannon had begun taking shortly before his suicide. That suit was eventually dropped, but the case brought early attention to the still-unresolved question of the possible connection between suicidal ideation and SSRIs, the class of drugs to which Prozac belongs. Related Videos",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505306
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Mount Toubkal is the highest peak in which range of mountains?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Trekking in Morocco Mt Toubkal 4167m is calling you! We will offer all you need to spend a perfect and a lifetime experience that you have never imagined. We are passionate about trekking in Morocco , and there is no better way to discover Atlas Mountains, its culture, and meet its people, than on foot! Whether you’re travelling in our small guided groups, alone or with friends, our hand picked programs ensure you’ll have an amazing trek! Come & Trekking in Morocco with us! One of the best trekking areas in Morocco is Toubkal region. As you know, Mt Toubkal is the highest peak in North Africa and in Morocco. It is not that far away from Marrakech city. It takes around 1h30 drive to Imlil valley which is the closer starting point of trekking tours towards this highest peak in Morocco. You would need at least 2 days so as to climb up Mt Toubkal, but this is possible if you are fit enough; otherwise it would be better to opt for the 3 days trek which will give enough time to acclimitize and relax after the climb! In addition to trekking in toubkal, you can do other outdoor activities such as mountain biking which can be done from 1 day trip up to 6 days mountain biking around the high atlas mountains and berber villages & valleys. Moreover, you can do ski touring in the high atlas mountains in winter time from end of December till March; we have off piste skiing tours from 2 days up to 6 days skiing in toubkal area. We have other outdoor activities such as horse riding & camel riding in high atlas mountains; we have days trips or long trips too! Another thing, Toubkal area is not the only region where we run our tours, but there are other nice places too such as Mt Mgoun, Mt Siroua, Mt Saghro, Sahara, and Imperial cities! HIGH ATLAS MOUNTAINS Morocco Trekking Trekking through Atlas Mountains in Morocco. The High Atlas is one of three components of the chain of the Moroccan's Atlas. This marks a massive climatic border between the lands of the ocean and those of Moroccan desert , because beyond the High Atlas, the arid expanses of the Sahara begins. Highlight and emblematic site in the region, Jebel Toubkal peaks at over 4000 meters altitude, a visible peak from Marrakech! The High Atlas divides itself into various more or less ancient geological areas and landscapes of this region are as rich and varied between spectacular formation born of chaos reliefs to plateaus and valleys cultivated by the Berber population, who inhabited these places for thousands of years. The Moroccan Sahara is mainly made up of a big rocky plain, which runs from the feet of the Atlantis on the North/East almost to the Atlantic coast, south of Agadir. In Morocco, the desert moves smoothly, the Draa Valley or Wadi Ziz strung a string of villages and lush palm groves, before losing in the dunes of the erg (Chebbi or labidia), which lie at the foot highland last relief before Algeria.Even within the desert you can enjoy different landscapes: the dry, thorny plain where jackals and camels live, the Sahara desert: reign of scorpions and snakes or the northern oasis full of bustle and life. The choice is yours. Trekking in Morocco's sahara is a lifetime experience! A trip to the Sahara desert is definitely an experience everyone should do at least once in his life. The beauty of the desert, its contrasts, its colors, its silence, many memories you will never forget. You walk on foot in the desert with camels carrying your luggage and supplies , and a professional guide as well as a cook who prepares delicious food for your everyday. It is a marvellous experience, just give it a try! come & join us in trekking in morocco's desert in winter time!",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505307
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who gave up the title 'Viscount Stansgate'?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tony Benn's son inherits title his father gave up | Politics | The Guardian The Observer Tony Benn's son inherits title his father gave up Tony Benn helped bring about Peerage Act 1963 which allowed him to renounce title and keep Commons seat Stephen Benn becomes the 3rd Viscount of Stansgate. Photograph: Imagewise/. Saturday 15 March 2014 20.06 EDT First published on Saturday 15 March 2014 20.06 EDT Close This article is 2 years old Tony Benn's eldest son, Stephen, has inherited the title that his father renounced in 1963 and become the 3rd Viscount Stansgate. The new peer will not be eligible to sit in the Lords because of reforms made by the Labour government in 1999. The succession brings the story of the peerage almost full circle . Benn's father, a Labour minister, was created Viscount Stansgate of Stansgate in the County of Essex in 1942 and sat in the Lords as an hereditary peer. On his father's death, Anthony Wedgwood Benn, later known as Tony Benn, became the second Viscount Stansgate, disqualifying him from staying in the Commons. He was still eligible to stand in the resulting Bristol South East byelection, which he won, but insisted on his right to abandon the peerage and kept his Commons seat in a byelection on 4 May 1961 prompted by his succession. However, an election court gave the seat to the Tory runner-up, Malcolm St Clair. But eventually the Conservative government accepted the need for a change in the law. The Peerage Act 1963, allowing renunciation of peerages, became law on 31 July 1963 and just 22 minutes later he became the first peer to renounce his title. However, under the law the title continues to pass through the generations. Labour has four hereditary peers in the Lords and it would require one of those to die and for the new viscount to then seek to win a byelection, competing against other hereditary peers. Under Labour's House of Lords Act the number of hereditary peers in the chamber is restricted to 92. Stephen Benn, the new viscount of Stansgate, is director of parliamentary affairs for the Society of Biology. He spent the last two decades in a similar role for the Royal Society of Chemistry. Stephen Benn's younger brother Hilary is the shadow secretary of state for communities and local government. The two other siblings are Melissa, a journalist, and Joshua, a student of information management.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505308
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Heraclium mantegazzianum is a weed thought to be the largest in western Europe. What is its common name?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Heracleum mantegazzianum Heracleum mantegazzianum Gucker, Corey L. 2009. Heracleum mantegazzianum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [ ]. TAXONOMY: The scientific name of giant hogweed is Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier (Apiaceae) [ 20 ]. Hybrids: In several European countries, low frequencies of giant hogweed × eltrot (H. sphondylium) hybrids occurred in areas occupied by both parent species. Artificial hybrids were easily created, so researchers suspect that selective insect foraging may limit the occurrence of natural hybrids [ 15 , 63 ]. In North America, researchers suspect that giant hogweed × common cowparsnip (H. maximum) hybrids are possible, but none have been reported [ 42 ]. Although giant hogweed × eltrot hybrids are possible in North America, none were reported in the available literature (2009). Hybrids are discussed more in the Botanical description , Vegetative regeneration , and Control sections of this review. GENERAL DISTRIBUTION: Giant hogweed is a nonnative species currently (2009) restricted to the western and eastern parts of North America. In western North America, giant hogweed occurs in British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. In eastern North America, giant hogweed occurs from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia west to Ontario and Wisconsin and south to Indiana, Maryland, and New Jersey ([ 35 , 36 , 42 ], NAPIS as cited in [ 13 ]). Giant hogweed is native to the western Caucasus Mountains of Georgia, Azerbaijan, and southern Russia [ 42 ]. In 2003, researchers reported that the range of giant hogweed was expanding in Washington, Oregon, and the northeastern United States [ 11 ]. In 1992, giant hogweed occurred in 9 Washington counties [ 60 ]. As of 2008, giant hogweed populations in Oregon were limited to areas surrounding Portland and Salem [ 40 ]. Giant hogweed is widespread in southwestern Ontario, and localized populations occur in southern Quebec, New Brunswick, Cape Breton, and eastern Newfoundland [ 42 ]. In New York, giant hogweed occurs in western and central portions of the state [ 14 ]. As of 1996, about 40 small giant hogweed populations occurred around Ithaca (Cope, personal communication, as cited in [ 76 ]). Scattered giant hogweed populations occur throughout Massachusetts [ 26 ]. Plants Database provides a distributional map of giant hogweed. As of this writing (2009), however, the map did not include Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, Maryland, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Nova Scotia, or Newfoundland as states or provinces with giant hogweed populations, although several sources [ 13 , 35 , 36 , 42 ] indicate that it occurs in these areas. Introduction to North America: Giant hogweed was likely introduced to North America as a garden \"curiosity\" because of its extremely large size and impressive flower [ 42 , 74 ] but could have been introduced through spice importation, since its seeds are used in Middle Eastern cuisine [ 35 ]. Giant hogweed occurred in North America as early as 1917 [ 13 ]. Giant hogweed source populations in western North America were likely planted by horticulturalists [ 40 , 48 ]. On southeastern Vancouver Island, giant hogweed was first collected in 1964 [ 42 ], but reports of giant hogweed in southwestern British Columbia were published in the 1930s (Federation of British Columbia Naturalists Newsletter 1978, as cited in [ 8 ]). Giant hogweed has been present in Seattle, Washington, since the early 1950s (Hitchcock, personal communication, as cited in [ 33 ]). Using details about current giant hogweed habitats in western Washington and northwestern Oregon, researchers predicted that disturbed riparian habitats in the Cascade, Sierran Steppe, and Rocky Mountain ecoregions are susceptible to giant hogweed invasion [ 43 ]. In eastern Canada and the United States, giant hogweed was likely introduced as a horticu",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505309
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The name of which region in India means ‘Land of Five Rivers’?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "India - Geography Geography India Table of Contents India's total land mass is 2,973,190 square kilometers and is divided into three main geological regions: the Indo-Gangetic Plain, the Himalayas, and the Peninsula region. The Indo-Gangetic Plain and those portions of the Himalayas within India are collectively known as North India. South India consists of the peninsular region, often termed simply the Peninsula. On the basis of its physiography, India is divided into ten regions: the Indo-Gangetic Plain, the northern mountains of the Himalayas, the Central Highlands, the Deccan or Peninsular Plateau, the East Coast (Coromandel Coast in the south), the West Coast (Konkan, Kankara, and Malabar coasts), the Great Indian Desert (a geographic feature known as the Thar Desert in Pakistan) and the Rann of Kutch, the valley of the Brahmaputra in Assam, the northeastern hill ranges surrounding the Assam Valley, and the islands of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Indo-Gangetic Plain In social and economic terms, the Indo-Gangetic Plain is the most important region of India. The plain is a great alluvial crescent stretching from the Indus River system in Pakistan to the Punjab Plain (in both Pakistan and India) and the Haryana Plain to the delta of the Ganga (or Ganges) in Bangladesh (where it is called the Padma). Topographically the plain is homogeneous, with only floodplain bluffs and other related features of river erosion and changes in river channels forming important natural features. Two narrow terrain belts, collectively known as the Terai, constitute the northern boundary of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Where the foothills of the Himalayas encounter the plain, small hills known locally as ghar (meaning house in Hindi) have been formed by coarse sands and pebbles deposited by mountain streams. Groundwater from these areas flows on the surface where the plains begin and converts large areas along the rivers into swamps. The southern boundary of the plain begins along the edge of the Great Indian Desert in the state of Rajasthan and continues east along the base of the hills of the Central Highlands to the Bay of Bengal. The hills, varying in elevation from 300 to 1,200 meters, lie on a general east-west axis. The Central Highlands are divided into northern and southern parts. The northern part is centered on the Aravalli Range of eastern Rajasthan. In the northern part of the state of Madhya Pradesh, the Malwa Plateau comprises the southern part of the Central Highlands and merges with the Vindhya Range to the south. The main rivers that flow through the southern part of the plain--the Narmada, the Tapti, and the Mahanadi--delineate North India from South India. Some geographers subdivide the Indo-Gangetic Plain into three parts: the Indus Valley (mostly in Pakistan), the Punjab (divided between India and Pakistan) and Haryana plains, and the middle and lower Ganga. These regional distinctions are based primarily on the availability of water. By another definition, the Indo-Gangetic Plain is divided into two drainage basins by the Delhi Ridge; the western part consists of the Punjab Plain and the Haryana Plain, and the eastern part consists of the Ganga-Brahmaputra drainage systems. This divide is only 300 meters above sea level, contributing to the perception that the Indo-Gangetic Plain appears to be continuous between the two drainage basins. The Punjab Plain is centered in the land between five rivers: the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas, and the Sutlej. (The name Punjab comes from the Sanskrit pancha ab , meaning five waters or rivers.) Both the Punjab and Haryana plains are irrigated with water from the Ravi, Beas, and Sut",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505310
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What make of motor car was the Dolomite ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Triumph Dolomite | Classic Cars Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [ show ] History The Dolomite was the final addition to Triumph's complex small-car range (codenamed \"Project Ajax\"), which had started in 1965 with the Triumph 1300. Designed to be a replacement for the rear-wheel drive Triumph Herald, the 1300 was originally fitted with a 1,296 cc (79 cu in) engine and front-wheel drive. The later model, introduced in September 1970 as the Triumph 1500, featured a remodelled front and rear, styled by Michelotti, and a larger 1,493 cc (91 cu in) engine. Triumph were however dissatisfied with the market performance of the 1300; although successful, the higher price and greater complexity meant sales never reached the levels of its predecessor, the simpler and cheaper Herald. To this end the car was comprehensively re-engineered to be cheaper and simpler to build and maintain; launched in September 1970, was the Triumph Toledo, a cheaper and more basic variant with conventional rear-wheel drive. This was assembled alongside the now larger-engined front-wheel drive version. It was launched at the same time as the 1500, adding further complexity to the model range. The \"Dolomite\" Designed as the successor for the upmarket variants of the front-wheel drive designs, and also for the 6-cylinder Triumph Vitesse, a sporting relative of the Herald, the Triumph Dolomite was presented at the London Motor Show in October 1971. However due to a number of strikes and other industrial upsets, the car was not reported to be in full production until October 1972. The name \"Dolomite\" had been used by Triumph for a range of models prior to the Second World War and this name was revived for the new car. The car used the longer bodyshell of the front wheel drive Triumph 1500, but with the majority of the running gear carried over from the rear-wheel drive Triumph Toledo. Initially, the only version available used the new slant-four 1854 cc engine, which mated an alloy OHC head to an iron block, providing 91 bhp (68 kW) which offered sprightly performance. This was a version of the engine that the company was already providing to Saab for use in their 99 model. The car was aimed at the then-new compact performance-luxury sector, vying for sales against cars such as the BMW 2002 and Ford Cortina GXL, and was offered with a high level of standard equipment, including twin headlamps, a clock, full instrumentation, luxury seats and carpets, a heated rear window, and a cigar lighter. Styling was similar to the Triumph 1500, with some updates such as a black painted rear panel, Vinyl D-posts, and new wheel trims. The car was capable of 100 mph (160 km/h), with 60 mph (97 km/h) coming up in just over 11 seconds. An overdrive gearbox was soon made optional, offering relaxed motorway cruising and improved fuel economy, and there was also an optional automatic transmission. Dolomite Sprint Although the Dolomite proved to be refined and rapid, competitors such as the BMW 2002 had a performance advantage which was costing Triumph dearly, both in terms of sales and prestige. To remedy this, Triumph unveiled the Dolomite Sprint in June 1973, although the launch had been delayed by a year; it had been due to go on sale in 1972. A team of engineers led by Spen King developed a 16-valve cylinder head with all of the valves being actuated using a single camshaft rather than the more normal DOHC arrangement. The capacity was also increased to 1,998 cc (122 cu in), and combined with bigger carburettors the output was upped to 127 bhp (95 kW). This represented a significant increase over the smaller 1850cc variant, however it fell short of the original target of 135 bhp (101 kW). Despite BL engineers being able to extract a reliable 150 bhp (112 kW) from test engines, the production line was unable to reliably build the engines to the same level of quality, with production outputs being in the region of 125 bhp (93 kW) to 130 bhp (97 kW). This led to the original model designation, the Dolomite 135, being replaced at short notice with the Sprint name. As a result of t",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505311
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was on the throne when Britain's first Prime Minister, Robert Walpole, was appointed?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "BBC - History - Historic Figures: Sir Robert Walpole (1676 - 1745) z Sir Robert Walpole by Arthur Pond © Walpole was a British Whig statesman, considered to the first holder of the office of prime minister, who dominated politics in the reigns of George I and George II. Robert Walpole was born on 26 August 1676 in Houghton, Norfolk into a wealthy landowning family. He was educated at Cambridge University and in 1701 became member of parliament for Castle Rising in Norfolk, where his father had previously been MP. He rose rapidly, becoming a member of the Admiralty Board, secretary of war and, in 1709, treasurer of the navy. His rise was temporarily halted by the Tories, who came into power in 1710. In 1712, they accused him of corruption and he was briefly imprisoned. In 1714, George I came to the throne. George distrusted the Tories, whom he believed opposed his right to the throne, and as a result the Whigs were in the ascendant again. In 1715, Walpole became first lord of the treasury and chancellor of the exchequer. He resigned in 1717 after disagreements within his party but in 1720 was made paymaster general. He avoided the scandal that surrounded the collapse of the South Sea Company and was subsequently appointed first lord of the treasury and chancellor of the exchequer again. In this position he effectively became prime minister, although the term was not used at the time. He remained in this position of dominance until 1742. Walpole consolidated Whig power through a system of royal patronage. He pursued a policy of peace abroad, low taxation and reducing the national debt and he knew the importance of keeping parliament on his side. He was also accused of bribery and corruption in his efforts to retain power. After George I's death in 1727, Walpole was briefly superseded by George II's favourite, Spencer Compton, but succeeded in returning himself to favour, partly through the support of the new queen, Caroline. In 1735, George II made Walpole a gift of 10 Downing Street, now the permanent London residence of the British prime minister. Opposition eventually began to develop within Walpole's own party, and a trade dispute with Spain was used by his critics to force him to declare war in 1739, known as the War of Jenkins' Ear. A poor general election result in 1741 made his position more unstable. A number of Whig politicians opposed Walpole's conduct of the war and he resigned in February 1742. He was created earl of Orford in the same year and continued to maintain influence over George II. Walpole died on 18 March 1745.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505312
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Near which city in Russia did the greatest tank battle of World War II take place in July 1943?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1943: Battle of Kursk Today in WW II: 14 Jan 1943 Churchill and Roosevelt begin the Casablanca conference . Battle of Kursk: 5�19 July 1943 Battery of Red Army 152mm howitzers preparing to fire during the Battle of Kursk. 3,000 guns and aircraft severely disrupted the German deployment at the outset of Operation Citadel. The German push into Russia had been stopped at the gates of Moscow in the winter of 1941-42 and again at Stalingrad on the Volga a year later. In February 1943, the Battle of Stalingrad ended with over 300,000 German soldiers dead or captured. Soviet forces moved on Kharkov but a German counterattack stopped that Winter Offensive. To bolster morale in Germany and hold his allies in line, Hitler needed a clear cut victory in Russia. To erase the pain of Stalingrad, Hitler decided to order a massive force to regain the initiative against the Red Army. Hitler and his generals looked for a place where a decisive victory could be purchased relatively cheaply. They chose to cut off a 90 mile bulge in the Eastern Front between the cities of Orel and Kharkov that included the small city of Kursk at its pivot, using a gigantic pincer movement. Hitler's key military leaders wanted to stage this offensive (Operation Citadel) in May 1943, but bickering and interference by Hitler delayed it until early July. Months of preparation under the eyes of the Soviet army eliminated any surprise when Operation Citadel launched on 5 July. The Germans failed in their objective to pinch off the Kursk salient and suffered irreplacable losses of men and materiel in the process. Now that both German and Soviet records are available, it is clear that the German plan was based on faulty assumptions. After two years of fighting inside Soviet territory, the Germans assumed that a well-prepared offensive would be able to penetrate the Soviet defense and that superior German tactics, staff work, and weaponry would compensate for greater Soviet numbers. Furthermore, they thought that adverse weather would hamper any Soviet offensive, and that if such an offensive occurred, the mobile German counterattack could halt it. The Germans were badly mistaken. The Soviet army of mid-1943 had evolved far from the Soviet army of 1941. They had learned from their mistakes, more than the Germans had learned about the Reds. The Kursk salient contained Soviet forces that were hardened and ready, strong and complete units that would be difficult to encircle and erase even under the best of circumstances. For the German army of 1943, Operation Citadel was far too ambitious to succeed. The Soviet's plan was much more realistic and actionable. They anticipated the German lines of attack and prepared the battlefield with dense mine fields, trenches, and camouflaged gun positions. An enormous reserve force was assembled with plans to absorb the German attack and exhaust them, then counterattack with overwhelming force when the Germans were weakened and without reserves. The Battle at Kursk Unfolds The Germans massed tanks, guns and tens of thousands of troops on the front. From the north, the Wehrmacht's Ninth Army was poised to move from the south of Orel toward Olkhovatka. In the south, the Fourth Panzer Army would move from east of a line joining Kharkov and Belgorod toward Prokhorovka. At dawn on 5 July German guns opened up a huge bombardment, and masses of German tanks moved into the battle supported by Stuka fighters overhead. Soviet artillery, T-34 tanks and Katyusha rockets answered. German Tigers did well, but the lighter Mark IV and Panthers were decimated. Guns tanks and infantry fought for more than a week in vicious battles of total war. More than 2.2 million men were engaged on both sides, along with 5,000 airplanes and 6,000 armored vehicles. Soviet minefields channeled German tanks into prepared fields of artillery fire. Panzers would make progress in one area but be immediately challanged and attacked by Soviet planes or by infantry with explosives. The Soviet defenses held. Tank Battle at Prokhorovka, 12 July 1943 The",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505313
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In 1990, which male runner held world records simultaneously at 1500, 2000, 3000, 5000 metres?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Saïd Aouita (Champion) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Saïd Aouita Male Born Nov 2, 1959 Saïd Aouita is a former Moroccan track and field athlete. He won the 5000 meters at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1987 World Championships in Athletics, as well as the 3000 meters at the 1989 IAAF World Indoor Championships. He is a former world record holder over 1500 metres, 2000 m, 3000 m, and twice at 5000 m . Aouita was one of the first globally-known Arab sportspeople.… Read More related links Tanger à L'heure De L'athlétisme Le Matin.Ma Google News - Sep 13, 2011 'La 3e édition avait connu la présence de trois invités d'honneur, en l'occurrence le sauteur en hauteur, le Cubain Soto Mayor, recordman du monde (2,45m), l'ancien champion du monde et olympique marocain Said Aouita, multiple recordman du monde et le' 4è Meeting International Moulay Al Hassan: Conférence De Presse Lundi à Casablanca Aufait Maroc Google News - Sep 09, 2011 '... en l'occurrence le sauteur en hauteur, le Cubain Soto Mayor, recordman du monde (2,45m), l'ancien champion du monde et olympique marocain Said Aouita, multiple recordman du monde et le célèbre athlète et entraîneur américain John Smith' L'athlétisme National Hors Course Lesoir Echos.Com Google News - Sep 07, 2011 'Depuis la retraite des grandes stars de l'athlétisme national, Said Aouita, Khakid Skah, Nawal Moutawakil, Hicham El Guerrouj, Nezha Bidouane, Brahim Boutayab, Khalid Boulami, Zahra Ouaziz, entre autres, l'athlétisme national a chuté d'une manière' Kenya/Asbel Kiprop: The Kenyan Who Once Again Conquered The 1500 M Star Africa.Com Google News - Sep 06, 2011 '... (Morocco) 1999: Hicham El Guerroudj (Morocco) 1997: Hicham El Guerroudj (Morocco) 1995: Noureddine Morceli (Algeria) 1993: Noureddine Morceli (Algeria) 1991: Noureddine Morceli (Algeria) 1987: Said Aouita (Morocco) 1983: Steve Cram (England) Panoramic' Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Saïd Aouita. CHILDHOOD 1959 Birth Saïd Aouita was born on November 2, 1959 in Kenitra, a coastal Moroccan city. … Read More Nine years later, he moved along with his family to Fes due to the nature of his father's work. As a child he spent most of his time playing football and wanted to be a great footballer; however, his outstanding skills in running made his coaches foresee a great future in track and field. Read Less TWENTIES Show Less Aouita had his first start towards stardom at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics held in Helsinki. … Read More He contested the 1500 m and finished third in the final, taking the bronze medal, after the pace slowed in the last 1000 meters and then finished with a sprint. Read Less Said Aouita married Khadija Skhir in 1983, one year before the 1984 Olympic Games. … Read More Khadija Skhir is Said Aouita's biggest supporter, and together they have four children: one son, Adil, and three daughters; Soukaina, Sarah, and Zeena. The two eldest daughters, Soukaina and Sarah, were both named by the king of Morocco, Hassan II. Said Aouita's wife, Khadija Skhir is equally interested in sports as she holds a 3rd degree black belt in Taekwondo. Aouita's two eldest daughters are both in the medical field, his son, Adil, is a film director and producer, and his youngest daughter, Zeena, is in the music field of singing and songwriting.<br /><br /> After his athletics career ended, Aouita worked with mixed success as a consultant for numerous sport institutions, as Technical National Manager in Morocco, and National Distance Coach in Australia thanks not only to his fruitful field experience, but also to his academic competences. Now, Aouita is working as Senior Analyst for Al Jazeera Sports channel. Read Less … Saïd Aouita (born November 2, 1959) is a former Moroccan track and field athlete. Read Less He won the 5000 meters at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1987 World Championships in Athletics, as well as the 3000 meters at the 1989 IAAF World Indoor Championships. … Read More He is a former world record holder over 1500 metres (",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505314
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What caused 12,000 deaths in 4 days in London in 1952?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Great Smog of 1952 in London By Jennifer Rosenberg Updated January 26, 2016. When a thick fog engulfed London from December 5 to December 9, 1952, it mixed with black smoke emitted from homes and factories to create a deadly smog . This smog killed approximately 12,000 people and shocked the world into starting the environmental movement. Smoke + Fog = Smog When a severe cold spell hit London in early December 1952, Londoners did what they usually did in such a situation; they burned more coal to heat up their homes. Then on December 5, 1952, a layer of dense fog engulfed the city and stayed for five days. Since the smoke from the coal burning in homes, plus all of London's usual factory emissions, had been prevented from escaping into the atmosphere by an inversion , the fog and smoke combined into a rolling, thick layer of smog. London Shuts Down Londoners, used to living in a city known for its pea-soup fogs, were not shocked to find themselves surrounded by such thick smog. Yet, although the dense smog did not instill panic, it nearly shut down the city from December 5 to December 9, 1952. continue reading below our video 10 Best Universities in the United States Visibility across London became extremely poor. In some places, visibility had literally gone down to one foot, meaning that you couldn't see your own feet when looking down nor your own hands if held out in front of you. Transportation across the city came to a standstill and many people didn't venture outside for fear of getting lost in their own neighborhoods. At least one theater was closed down because the smog had seeped inside and the audience could no longer see the stage. The Smog Was Deadly It wasn't until after the fog lifted on December 9 that the deadliness of the smog was discovered. In the five days the smog had covered London, over 4,000 more people had died than usual for that time of year. There were also reports that a number of cattle had died from the toxic smog. In the following weeks, approximately 8,000 more died from exposure to what has become known as the Great Smog of 1952 (it is also sometimes called \"the Big Smoke\"). Most of those killed by the Great Smog were people who had pre-existing respiratory problems and the elderly. The death toll of the Great Smog of 1952 was shocking. Pollution, which many had thought was just a part of city life, had killed 12,000 people. It was time for change. It was the black smoke that had caused the most damage. Thus, in 1956 and 1968, the British Parliament passed two Clean Air Acts, which began the process of eliminating the burning of coal in both people's homes and in factories.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505315
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the Bridge in Southern France that opened in 2004, crossing the River Tarn in the Massif Central Mountains and with a height of 984 feet, it is the world’s highest Road bridge ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Millau Bridge - Southern France THE MILLAU BRIDGE V. Ryan � 2005 - 2009 The Millau Bridge is in southern France and crosses the River Tarn in the Massif Central mountains. It was designed by the British architect Lord Foster and at 300m (984 feet) it is the highest road bridge in the world, weighing 36,000 tonnes. The central pillar is higher than the famous French icon, the Eiffel Tower. The Bridge opened in December 2004 and is possibly one of the most breath taking bridges ever built. The bridge towers above the Tarn Valley and the aim of Lord Foster was to design a bridge with the �delicacy of a butter fly�. Lord Foster designed a bridge that enhances the natural beauty of the valley, with the environment dominating the scene rather than the bridge. The bridge appears to float on the clouds despite the fact that it has seven pillars and a roadway of 1� miles in length. On first sight, the impression is of boats sailing on a sea of mist. The roadway threads through the seven pillars like thread through the eye of a needle. The bridge was opened by President Jacques Chirac. In his speech he praised the design saying that it was a �monument to French engineering genius� and �a miracle of equilibrium�. The bridge was entirely privately financed and cost 394 million euros (272 million pounds, 524 million dollars). The aim is to cut the travelling time to southern France, removing the bottle neck at Millau, through the completion of the motorway between Paris and the Mediterranean. The bridge took only three years to complete with new engineering techniques being employed. The traditional method of building a cable stay bridge involves building sections of the deck (roadway) and using cranes to put them in position. Because of its height, 900 feet above the valley floor, a new technique had to be developed. First, the towers were built in the usual way, with steel reinforced concrete. The road way was built on either side of the valley and rolled into position, until it met with precision in the centre. This technique had never been tried before and it carried engineering risks. However, it proved to be an efficient method of deploying the roadway.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505316
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which British heavyweight boxing champion died on 1st. May 2011 at the age of 76?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sir Henry Cooper obituary | Sport | The Guardian Sir Henry Cooper obituary British heavyweight boxing champion known for his warmth, indomitable spirit and a left hook dubbed 'Enry's 'Ammer Muhammad Ali and Henry Cooper before their world heavyweight title fight in London. Photograph: Aubrey Hart/Getty Images Sunday 1 May 2011 17.31 EDT First published on Sunday 1 May 2011 17.31 EDT Share on Messenger Close Sir Henry Cooper , beloved of British postwar generations as no heavyweight boxer before him, has died aged 76. His warmth and indomitable personality, together with his rise from humble roots, gave him a popularity far beyond his sport's normal boundaries. He was never world champion, but his good spirits seemed to hold a gift for everyone, even for his most notable conqueror, Muhammad Ali. At Wembley stadium, on 18 June 1963, Cooper landed Ali, then known as Cassius Clay, on his pants with a punch that made boxing history – a left hook travelling five and a half inches at 30mph with 60 times the force of gravity, striking the side of the American's jaw. The world came to know it as 'Enry's 'Ammer, and it felled Ali as never before. However, in front of 55,000 people, Ali was \"saved by the bell\" amid unique controversy. Ali, then 21, had fought only one major figure, the ageing Archie Moore, before his arrival in London to meet Cooper, the experienced 29-year-old British and Commonwealth heavyweight champion, over 10 rounds. With a multimillion-dollar syndicate behind Ali's world championship ambition, and Cooper in his prime, it was a fight attracting worldwide interest. Already, the Kentucky fighter's braggadocio (\"I am the prettiest ... I am the greatest\") had brought him the title of the Louisville Lip. But, after Cooper's hammer blow, Ali's corner were up to various tricks before the Englishman fell victim to a cut eye in the fifth round. In later years, Ali's trainer, Angelo Dundee, admitted tweaking the loose stitching of his fighter's right glove so that the formal minute interval was stretched by six seconds before a replacement was found. His use of smelling salts also defied the rules. \"For a fit man,\" Cooper said later, \"seconds are a lifetime. When you are really trained up, you need only 20 seconds and you are back to your old self.\" Ali's long reach and quickness posed Cooper, himself the lightest of heavyweights, 13st 13lb at his heaviest, some early problems. \"For my money, he was the fastest heavyweight of all time, and a stone and a half heavier than me,\" Cooper acknowledged. \"There was never a still target in front of you. He wasn't a counter-puncher, nothing to compare with Floyd Patterson . Nor a puncher like Rocky Marciano. It was a flicker with the left, or a long-arm right that could drag and tear your skin.\" Ali caught Cooper with a typical blow in the third round. Jim Wicks, Cooper's manager, known as \"The Bishop\" and always protective of his man, was all for ending the fight as the blood flowed down his fighter's cheek. Cooper, in the corner interval, pleaded for one more round as his \"cuts\" man, Danny Holland, applied an adrenalin-Vaseline compound. In Cooper's view, he could still take his man – and he very nearly did. The 'Ammer smacked into Ali's chin as he backed into the ropes, the American's speed for once not saving him. Ali slid down the ropes, the slowness helping him. The referee, Tommy Little, reached a count of five, then Ali rose, in Cooper's view like an amateur, his arms dangling, an open target. But the bell rang, and boxing history took another turn. \"Oh boy!\" was Cooper's autobiographical note. \"If it had only happened in the second minute.\" As it was, Ali took the world title in his next fight, against Sonny Liston. Cooper was to meet Ali – by then, his name had been formally changed after his conversion to Islam – for a world title fight at Arsenal's Highbury stadium, London, on 21 May 1966. Again the fight had to be stopped for a cut eye, this time in the sixth round. The gash was deeper and longer than any of Cooper's career. The Englishman reckoned himself narrowly",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505317
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The mineral stibnite is a source of which metallic element?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Stibnite: The mineral stibnite information and pictures Advertising Information The Mineral stibnite Stibnite is named after the latin stibium, which is the old name of the element antimony (Sb). Stibnite was and continues to be the primary ore of antimony. Stibnite forms some of the most outstanding natural crystals that exist, in way of sharpness, luster , and size. It can form in groups of huge metallic luster ed crystals that are elegantly crafted and exceptionally shiny. Stibnite is often replaced by dull yellow Stibiconite and Cervantite . The pseudomorph is sometimes only partial, in which only a section of the crystal has been altered , with the rest remaining intact. Stibnite may occasionally tarnish with a dull or iridescent coating. USES Stibnite is the most important ore of the element antimony, and is an industrially important mineral. It was used as a metallic cosmetic in ancient civilization. Stibnite also forms some of the most exceptional crystal formations of all minerals, and large and well crystallized are highly sought after and appreciated by mineral collectors. NOTEWORTHY LOCALITIES A classic locality for Stibnite is the now-exhausted Ichinokawa mine, on Shikoku Island, Japan, famous for producing outstanding large crystals and groupings. The Chinese occurrences have become the latest producers of the most exceptional Stibnite specimens, with some of them producing crystals enormous in size. The most important Chinese deposit, as well as the world's largest antimony mine, is the Xikuangshan Mine, Lengshuijiang, Loudi Prefecture, Hunan Province. Other important Chinese localities include the Wuning Mine, Qingjiang, Jiangxi Province; Qinglong, Guizhou Province; the Dahegou Mine, Lushi, Henan Province; and Nandan, Hechi Prefecture. Rumania has produced classic and aesthetic examples of Stibnite. Specific localities include Baia Sprie; Baia Mare (especially the Herja Mine); and Kapnik all in Maramures Co. Also in Maramures is the locality of Baiut, which produced groupings of unusually thick crystals. Other European Stibnite localities include Příbram, Bohemia, Czech Republic; Stadtschlaining, near Oberwart, Austria; and Manciano, Tuscany, Italy. In South America, there are several good localities in Peru, including Quiruvilca, La Libertad Dept; the Palomo Mine, Huancavelica Dept; and Raura, Lima Dept. Another important South American locality is the Socavón Mine, Oruro, Bolivia. In Mexico, a noted occurrence is San Martín, Zacatecas. In the U.S., the best-known Stibnite is from the White Caps Mine, Manhattan District, Nye Co., Nevada. Other localities include the Murray mine, Independence Mountains, Elko Co., Nevada; the Stayton District, Hollister, Diablo Range, San Benito Co., California; the McLaughlin Mine, Knoxville, Napa Co., California; and the Red Devil Mine, Bethel Borough, Alaska.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505318
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was landscape gardener Capability Brown's proper christian name",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Capability Brown biography Capability Brown biography BY DAVID ROSS , EDITOR Stowe Landscape Gardens, Buckinghamshire Lancelot \"Capability\" Brown was born in Kirkharle, Northumberland in 1715 (more about his nickname \"Capability\" in a moment). Young Lancelot was educated at Cambo School, before serving as a gardener's boy in the service of Sir William Loraine. From there he moved on to Wotton, owned by Sir Richard Grenville. From Wotton he joined the gardening staff of Lord Cobham, at Stowe, Buckinghamshire. There he served under William Kent, one of the founders of the new English style of Landscape Gardening. The men became close, and Brown married Kent's daughter. At Stowe, Brown was responsible for actually implementing Kent's designs, but it seems clear that Lord Cobham also allowed Brown to take on work for his aristocratic friends while he was still employed at Stowe. Lord Cobham died in 1749, and Brown left Stowe to set up his own gardening practice based in London two years later. To say that Brown was successful in his profession is an understatement of the highest order. He became immensely sought after by the aristocracy, and it is estimated that he was responsible for some 170 gardens surrounding the finest country houses and estates in Britain. So numerous are his designs, and so widespread was his influence, that it is almost harder to find a prominent country house that did not have a garden designed by Capability Brown. Burghley House landscaped grounds Lancelot Brown soon acquired the peculiar nickname \"Capability\" from his habit of telling clients that their gardens had \"great capabilities\". In his talented hands, they certainly did. Brown has been criticized, with some justification, for destroying the works of previous generations of gardeners to create his landscapes. He worked with a grand vision, and preferred to sweep away the past and create a fresh garden to his own standards. What were those standards? The English landscape garden under Capability Brown was a place of wide green undulating lawns with sinuous bands and clumps of trees, planted with the utmost care to give the impression of a romantic natural scene. The trees opened up to give carefully planned glimpses of interest points, often classical temples, bridges, or monuments. Everything was meticulously contrived to give a sense of informality, of natural beauty, though of course nothing in the garden was \"natural\" at all. In later life Brown was appointed head gardener at Hampton Court Palace in 1761, though he continued his private practice. Capability Brown died Feb. 6, 1783, in London, leaving behind himself a legacy unparalleled in the history of English gardening. Memorial to Capability Worcestershire List of Capability Brown gardens A partial listing of surviving gardens designed by Capability Brown that are open to the public",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505319
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is Europe's oldest parliament dating from 930 AD?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Which country can claim to be the World's oldest democracy? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk Which country can claim to be the World's oldest democracy? Russell Campbell, Dunedin, New Zealand Lots of them can. And do. Greece has a pretty good claim having invented the concept in the first place. However, long spells as an Ottoman colony or under military junta might put it out of the running if you're looking for longest continuously democratic country. Britain has a decent claim but it depends what you mean by democracy. As Rowan Atkinson put it in Blackadder: \"take Manchester for instance. Population: 60,000. Electoral roll: 3\". America frequently claims to be but this is because they define democracy so narrowly and in their own image such that on their criteria they're the worlds only democracy and on any other criteria they still aren't and never have been. Seth, Edinburgh, Scotland Perhaps Iceland can - their parliament, the Althing, is the oldest one still in use. It was formed in 930 by Vikings. Johan van Slooten, Urk, Netherlands The Native American people of the Six Nations, also known by the French term Iroquois and who know themselves as the Hau De-no Sau-nee (People of the Long Houses) claim to be the oldest living participatory democracy. Their homeland, country, nation or however you'd like to classify it as, was in the region now known as New York State, between the Adirondack Mountains and Niagara Falls. The other tribes included in the Six Nations also included the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas, joined in the 18th Century by the Tuscaroras, who did not have a vote. Archeological evidence indicates the Iroquois had lived on their lands for a very long time, with the earliest longhouses dated to at least 1100 A.D. Although there is no precise date for the establishment of the league, The Six Nations claim to have enjoyed a system of consensus government for over 800 years, well established long before the arrival of the Europeans. Founded to maintain peace and resolve disputes between its members, the Six Nations primary law was the Kainerekowa, the 'Great Law of Peace' which stated, simply, that Iroquois should not kill each other. They had a written constitution, laws dealing with ownership and trade routes and a funeral rite that allowed shared mourning at the passing of leaders from other tribes. From 1660, the nations combined to form a united front in negotiations with the European settlers. With the focus on maintaining peace with their neighbours, the Iroquois tribes were free to develop their predominantly agragian society. Their leaders were chosen, by their women, for their knowledge of the earth and their skills at providing for their villages. John Maguire, Dublin, Ireland A great many can claim it. It rather depends what you mean by democracy. The Isle of Man has the oldest Parliament, but it has not always been elected by universal suffrage. Did the UK have to await the extension of the franchise to 18 year olds? Or was it 1929, when women got the vote on the same terms as men - at least for Parliament, only householders voted in local authority elections at the time? Switzerland has an ancient confederation, but governments never get voted out of power, due to the permanent coaltion. The same four parties have been in power since 1959, two of them for over a century. Switzerland, like California, makes great use of direct democracy, at both confederal and cantonal level. But in some cantons women didn't get the vote until the 1970s. Australia and New Zealand were both early to give women the vote, but neither elects their Head of State. Quentin Langley, Woking UK If we mean by that, 'Which country has ensured that all adult citizens regardless of sex, race, or ethnicity, may choose reprentatives to exercise the powers of government longest?', then the answer is New Zealand. Universal adult suffrage was first established there in 1893. Fragano Ledgister, Atlanta, USA Seth, I'm surprised at you. Britain does not have a claim to being the world's oldest democracy, as i",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505320
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Notorious bank robbing duo Bonnie and Clyde were eventually ambushed by law enforcement agents in what U.S. state?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "10 Famous Depression-era Bank Robbers - Listverse 10 Famous Depression-era Bank Robbers Josh Fox August 1, 2011 The Great Depression began with the Wall Street crash in 1929, and lasted well into the following decades. At this time, unemployment in the USA had risen to 25% and many more people were resorting to crime. Historians have labelled the 1930s as the “Public Enemy” era; a time when a small minority of criminals stood out as being particularly notorious and were hunted determinedly by the police and FBI. These criminals weren’t like the bank robbers of today; handing a note to a teller and escaping with $100, only to be caught the next day. These ruthless thieves would burst in and ransack the bank, usually forcing a manager to open the vault. They would commonly participate in gun battles with police, in which innocent bystanders were often killed. I have tried to rank in order of reputation and skill. 10 John “Red” Hamilton Hamilton began his criminal career by robbing a gas station in Indiana, and being sentenced to a very long prison term of 25 years. Whilst incarcerated, he began to associate with prominent bank robbers such as John Dillinger, Harry Pierpoint and Homer Van Meter. On September 26, 1933, a total of 10 men, including Hamilton, escaped using smuggled guns from the recently paroled John Dillinger. Hamilton and the rest of the gang learned that Dillinger had been imprisoned in Allen County prison, in Lima, on bank robbery charges. The gang were determined to free him, but first they needed cash to fund the break out. The gang robbed the First Nation Bank, in St. Mary’s Ohio, escaping with $14,000. Hamilton attended the liberation at Lima Jail but did not enter the building, instead serving as a lookout. Hamilton went on to commit a spree of chaotic, yet lucrative, bank robberies with the Dillinger gang. In January, 1934, the gang robbed a bank in Chicago escaping with $20,376. During the heist, a police officer was gunned down and Dillinger was officially charged with the murder, even though many witnesses named Hamilton as the shooter. Hamilton was at the top of the public enemy list, whilst Dillinger and associate Harry Pierpoint were imprisoned. Dillinger broke out, however, and Hamilton joined him once again to commit more robberies. On April 23, 1934, the gang were confronted by police and, during a getaway, Hamilton was wounded and died shortly after. Dillinger buried his friend at the home of Volney Davis and Edna Murray. 9 Volney Davis Volney Davis was the boyfriend of Edna “rabbits” Murray. The pair robbed banks together during the 1930s. He was also an associate of John Dillinger, Alvin Karpis and the Barker gang. He committed his first major robbery in the 1920s, burglarizing a hospital in Tulsa. The night watchman was murdered in this incident, and Davis was sentenced to life imprisonment. After a failed escape attempt, and after serving 7 years, he applied for a 20 month leave of absence which was granted. However, instead of returning to prison, he went on the run. He reunited with girlfriend, and partner in crime, Edna Murray before joining Alvin Karpis and the Barker gang, who were at the peak of their criminal success. After many successful bank robberies and kidnappings, Davis was captured and charged with kidnapping. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and spent most of his adult life in Alcatraz. 8 “Slick” Willie Sutton Sutton was an accomplished bank robber, although he never carried a loaded gun and never killed anybody throughout his criminal career. He was nicknamed “slick” for the many disguises he wore on the job. For instance, he has robbed banks dressed as a maintenance man, a postman and a police officer. He has also escaped from prison multiple times. The first time he was serving a 30 year sentence for robbery, he used a smuggled gun to hold a prison guard hostage, before using a ladder to scale the prison wall. After being apprehended again, he was sentenced to 50 years imprisonment. This time he escaped through a tunnel along with other convicts, although he was",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505321
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The magazine 'Private Eye' gave the nickname 'The Bouncing Czech' to which man?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Private Eye (Magazine) - TV Tropes Private Eye You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share The very first edition, layout and cartooning by Willie Rushton . \"The best comedy is when you attack the strong, not the weak.\" —Ian Hislop, editor. A British fortnightly magazine of current affairs and satirical humour, running since 1961. Founders included its first editor Richard Ingrams, and comedians Peter Cook and Willie Rushton , who had all been contemporaries at Shrewsbury School and later at Oxbridge . It does a lot of investigative journalism and has been sued for libel a considerable number of times (it usually loses, and would have been bankrupted by the damages if not for donations from supporters and subscribers). Its editor, Ian Hislop (a team captain on Have I Got News for You ), even held the record for 'Most Sued Man in England' for a time. For many years it was verging on a point of pride how long it had been since they won a case. The first time Ian Hislop won a libel suit, the following issue was filled in celebratory manner with yet more libelous material, just because they knew they'd get away with it. note For those reading from outside the UK, it's important to point out that under English law it is possible for something to be both perfectly true and libelous, as it is up to the defendant to prove the truth of what he/she has said, and even then truth is not considered an absolute defense against libel. In the United States, the person bringing the suit has to prove that what was said is false, at least when the defendant is a newspaper or other media outlet (the standard for when the defendant is an individual varies from state to state , but the law of defamation as applied to the media is largely controlled by the Free Press Clause of the First Amendment to the federal Constitution and is thus consistent across states). Also, American law does consider the truth to be an absolute defense; moreover, in the United States, statements of opinion are also protected, and the definition of \"opinion\" is quite broad—even factually false statements can be \"opinion\" in the right context. The flip side of this is that getting an injunction to prevent something being published in the first place is rather harder in Britain - otherwise known as Publish and be damned. Or at least, it was, before the current fad for \"super injunctions\", where the target is not even allowed to say they have had an injunction put upon them, let alone talk about the original subject... Regular Cartoons and Ongoing Parodies \"The Broonites\", (defunct) which featured the Brown camp of the now former Labour government and who all spoke in exaggerated Scottish accents- even the English ones. This was done in the style of The Broons , a cartoon strip from The Sunday Post . Contains an apparently deliberate example for comic effect of Just Plane Wrong . In the 1205 strip, Gordon Brown is put on a plane to Afghanistan to solve the government's popularity problems. The plane- an English Electric Lightning, long gone from RAF service. This is possibly a bizarre example of the cartoonist having Shown Their Work . You see, the original cartoonist on The Broons- (Dudley D Watkins) spent the whole of World War Two drawing anything military in the same style as his earlier adventure comics: That is, straight out of World War One. The Robber Baron cycle, a fictional series of operas detailing the life and crimes of Silvio, the Robber Baron, based on Silvio Berlusconi of Italy. Radio Times: Classic Opera Buffooni, which opens with the Robber Baron Silvio cavorting in the Palazzo Fornicazione with a chorus of scantily clad nymphs who sing the chorus 'Money, Money, Money — We've come here for the Money'. Prime Ministerial parodies: Reporting on governmental affairs in the style of something else. These generally take the form of either a personal diary/correspondence (particularly by the PM's spouse) or an internal missive at a fictional institution designed to parody the PM's style or policies. \"The New Coalition Acad",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505322
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; With which sport is Florence Griffith-Joyner, also known as Flo-Jo, associated?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "BBC News | Sport | Flo-Jo dies at 38 Monday, September 21, 1998 Published at 17:48 GMT 18:48 UK Sport Flo-Jo dies at 38 Florence Griffith Joyner celebrates her Olympic victory Florence Griffith Joyner, triple gold medalist at the 1988 Seoul Olympics, has died at the age of 38. The American sprinter apparently suffered a heart seizure at her home in Mission Viejo, California. Duncan Kennedy: \"She remained an inspiration to women athletes\" Three-time world hurdles champion Greg Foster, a friend of the family, said: \"We have lost one of the great track and field athletes in history. She's going to be missed. It's definitely a shock, a great loss.\" Griffith Joyner, known by her fans as Flo-Jo, captivated the world with her phenomenal speed and flamboyant style but her rapid improvement and her tremendous physique fuelled rumours about performance-enhancing drugs. She was the wife of 1984 Olympic triple-jump gold medalist Al Joyner and the sister-in-law of Jackie Joyner-Kersee, the six-time Olympic medalist and world heptathlon record-holder. Griffith Joyner set women's 100 and 200-metre world records in 1988. Famous fingernails Known for her self-designed running uniforms and six-inch painted fingernails, she also won a 1984 Olympic silver medal in the heptathlon and 1992 bronze medal in the long jump. Florence Griffith Joyner in action Griffith Joyner first captured the headlines with an amazing series of runs in the US Olympic trials in 1988 and became the first woman to run the 100m in 10.49 seconds. At Seoul she won the 100m in a wind-assisted 10.54, then set two world records at the 200m, running the semi-final in 21.56 and the final in 21.34. Denied taking drugs She retired immediately after the 1988 Games, amid a swirl of rumours about her taking performance-enhancing substances. She always denied the accusations and never failed a drugs test. She married Al Joyner in October 1987 and had a daughter Mary, who was nicknamed Mo Jo by the US press. Jamaican athlete Juliette Cuthbert, who ran against Flo-Jo in 1988, said Griffith Joyner had another seizure on board an aeroplane in 1996. Death of a role model Her premature death is bound to raise questions about her lifestyle and resurrect allegations of drug-taking. But US Olympic committee president Bill Hybl said: \"She was a role model for girls and young women in sports and her legacy will be one that included kindness and an interest in children.\" Primo Nebiolo, president of the International Amateur Athletics Federation, said: \"It's a great shock and makes me extremely sad. \"I knew that Florence Griffith Joyner had had some heart problems in recent months but I didn't think it was anything really serious.\" Mr Nebiolo said: \"Sadly her life has passed as rapidly as her races.\"",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.