| | --- |
| | license: cc0-1.0 |
| | task_categories: |
| | - question-answering |
| | language: |
| | - en |
| | size_categories: |
| | - 100M<n<1B |
| | --- |
| | # ComplexTempQA Dataset |
| |
|
| | ComplexTempQA is a large-scale dataset designed for complex temporal question answering (TQA). It consists of over 100 million question-answer pairs, making it one of the most extensive datasets available for TQA. The dataset is generated using data from Wikipedia and Wikidata and spans questions over a period of 36 years (1987-2023). |
| |
|
| | **Note:** We have a smaller version consisting of questions from the time period 1987 until 2007. |
| |
|
| | ## Dataset Description |
| |
|
| | ComplexTempQA categorizes questions into three main types: |
| | - Attribute Questions |
| | - Comparison Questions |
| | - Counting Questions |
| |
|
| | These categories are further divided based on their relation to events, entities, or time periods. |
| |
|
| | ### Question Types and Counts |
| |
|
| | | | Question Type | Subtype | Count | |
| | |--|-----------------------|---------------------|---------------| |
| | |1a| Attribute | Event | 83,798 | |
| | |1b| Attribute | Entity | 84,079 | |
| | |1c| Attribute | Time | 9,454 | |
| | |2a| Comparison | Event | 25,353,340 | |
| | |2b| Comparison | Entity | 74,678,117 | |
| | |2c| Comparison | Time | 54,022,952 | |
| | |3a| Counting | Event | 18,325 | |
| | |3b| Counting | Entity | 10,798 | |
| | |3c| Counting | Time | 12,732 | |
| | | | Multi-Hop | | 76,933 | |
| | | | Unnamed Event | | 8,707,123 | |
| | | | **Total** | | **100,228,457**| |
| |
|
| | ### Metadata |
| |
|
| | - **id**: A unique identifier for each question. |
| | - **question**: The text of the question being asked. |
| | - **answer**: The answer(s) to the question. |
| | - **type**: The type of question based on the dataset’s taxonomy. |
| | - **rating**: A numerical rating indicating the difficulty of the question (`0` for easy, `1` for hard). |
| | - **timeframe**: The start and end dates relevant to the question. |
| | - **question_entity**: List of Wikidata IDs related to the entities in the question. |
| | - **answer_entity**: List of Wikidata IDs related to the entities in the answer. |
| | - **question_country**: List of Wikidata IDs of the countries associated with the questioned entities or events. |
| | - **answer_country**: List of Wikidata IDs of the countries associated with the answered entities or events. |
| | - **is_unnamed**: A flag indicating if the question contains an implicitly described event (`1` for yes, `0` for no). |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | ## Dataset Characteristics |
| | |
| | ### Size |
| | ComplexTempQA comprises over 100 million question-answer pairs, focusing on events, entities, and time periods from 1987 to 2023. |
| | |
| | ### Complexity |
| | Questions require advanced reasoning skills, including multi-hop question answering, temporal aggregation, and across-time comparisons. |
| | |
| | ### Taxonomy |
| | The dataset follows a unique taxonomy categorizing questions into attributes, comparisons, and counting types, ensuring comprehensive coverage of temporal queries. |
| | |
| | ### Evaluation |
| | The dataset has been evaluated for readability, ease of answering before and after web searches, and overall clarity. Human raters have assessed a sample of questions to ensure high quality. |
| | |
| | ## Usage |
| | |
| | ### Evaluation and Training |
| | ComplexTempQA can be used for: |
| | - Evaluating the temporal reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) |
| | - Fine-tuning language models for better temporal understanding |
| | - Developing and testing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems |
| | |
| | ### Research Applications |
| | The dataset supports research in: |
| | - Temporal question answering |
| | - Information retrieval |
| | - Language understanding |
| | |
| | ### Adaptation and Continual Learning |
| | ComplexTempQA's temporal metadata facilitates the development of online adaptation and continual training approaches for LLMs, aiding in the exploration of time-based learning and evaluation. |
| | |
| | ## Access |
| | |
| | The dataset and code are freely available at [https://github.com/DataScienceUIBK/ComplexTempQA](https://github.com/DataScienceUIBK/ComplexTempQA). |
