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[ "Your task is to complete the following excerpt from a US court opinion:\nof § 3583(e)(3) was reasonably foreseeable and provided the defendant with a fair warning. Thus, it was not unconstitutional to apply Johnson retroactively. Although Seals is unpublished, and thus not binding, Seals is authoritative and persu...
); Kontrick v. Ryan, 540 U.S. 443, 455-56, 124
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1
[ "Fill in the gap in the following US court opinion excerpt:\nprincipal was an experienced, self-employed businessman who had completed numerous large commercial real estate transactions, (1) admitted that the lender’s employees also had stated the proposal had to be presented to the loan committee, (2) knew the loa...
). We conclude there is no evidence to support
2
2
[ "In the context of a US court opinion, complete the following excerpt:\nStates Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has clarified, however, that when a contract award is challenged, based on regulatory or procedural violation, “the disappointed bidder must show a clear and prejudicial violation of applicable st...
) (internal quotation marks omitted). Third,
3
3
[ "Please fill in the missing part of the US court opinion excerpt:\nSecond, the court has concluded that the issues of fact are material, i.e. resolution of the issues might affect the outcome of the suit under governing law.’ ” Lemoine v. New Horizons Ranch & Ctr., Inc., 174 F.3d 629, 633 (5th Cir.1999) (quoting Co...
). A copyright owner possesses the exclusive
4
4
[ "In the provided excerpt from a US court opinion, insert the missing content:\nboat. All six (Martinez-Rios, Ramirez-Fajardo, Castaneda-Marin, Sanchez-Martinez, Ortiz-Cotoa and Carmargo-Silvera) were charged with conspiracy to possess and with possessing cocaine with intent to distribute it in violation of 46 U.S.C...
). Defendants claim they objected to the
4
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[ "Fill in the gap in the following US court opinion excerpt:\n(ruling that a city’s fireworks ordinance does not violate the Due Process Clause of the federal Constitution because the statute was a reasonable means for attaining the legitimate end of preventing the proliferation of fireworks outlets that, if allowed...
); see also City of Akron v. Budiani, 52 Ohio
3
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[ "In the given US court opinion excerpt, provide the appropriate content to complete it:\nwas in part motivated by her pregnancy. “Direct evidence is that which demonstrates ‘a specific link between the alleged discriminatory animus and the challenged [employment] decision, sufficient to support a finding by a reaso...
); Radabaugh v. Zip Feed Mills, Inc., 997 F.2d
1
7
[ "Complete the following excerpt from a US court opinion:\nUnited States v. Hutzell, 217 F.3d 966, 968-69 (8th Cir.2000) (”[A]n individual’s domestic violence conviction should itself put that person on notice that subsequent possession of a gun might well be the subject of regulation.... Although an individual’s ri...
); United States v. Gould, 568 F.3d 459, 468
0
8
[ "In the context of a US court opinion, complete the following excerpt:\nor prospective bidders or offerors whose direct economic interest would be affected by the award of the contract or by failure to award the contract.” Id. at 1302 (emphasis added). In the case of pre-award protests, we have repeatedly limited s...
). In CACI Field Services, Inc. v. United
3
9
[ "In the provided excerpt from a US court opinion, insert the missing content:\nonly challenge the “collateral issue” of the “Attorneys’ Fees Award.” In that the trial court left open for future determination the amount Defendants would be taxed, Defendants’ appeal of this collateral issue is interlocutory. Since th...
), disc. review denied, 361 N.C. 220, 642 S.E.2d
4
10
[ "Fill in the gap in the following US court opinion excerpt:\nin a given case. The establishment of these time boundaries is a legislative prerogative. That body has the right to fix reasonable periods within which an action shall be brought and, within its sound discretion, determine the limitation period.... It sh...
); Davis v. State, 443 N.W.2d 707, 709 (Iowa
3
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[ "In the given US court opinion excerpt, provide the appropriate content to complete it:\nprovide just punishment for the offense.... ”). We hold that the district judge did not abuse his discretion in this case. The district judge relied upon a variety of factors relevant to a sentencing determination under § 3553(...
). IV. CONCLUSION We AFFIRM the sentence handed
1
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[ "Fill in the gap in the following US court opinion excerpt:\nCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit stated that “the presumption of reliability that serves as the premise for the public-records exception does not attach to third parties who themselves have no public duty to report.” Jordan v. Binns, 712 F.3d 1123...
). Because the Spa does not contend that the
3
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[ "Fill in the gap in the following US court opinion excerpt:\nor person associated with a nationally recognized statistical rating organization.” 15 U.S.C. § 78o-7(o )(2). That provision makes clear that the state interests in enforcing consumer-protection laws and combatting deceptive business practices — the inter...
); State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 902 F.Supp.
2
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[ "In the given US court opinion excerpt, provide the appropriate content to complete it:\nto the presen-tence report and had asserted that there were no errors in the report, requested that the trial court impose concurrent sentences. The trial court chose to follow Adult Probation and Parole's recommendation. In co...
). We conclude that the trial court did not
2
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[ "Fill in the gap in the following US court opinion excerpt:\nand her father-in-law Nathan Drollinger brought a § 1983 challenge to the terms and conditions of Rosanna's state court probation. One of the probation conditions restricted Nathan's ability to associate with Stephanie Drollinger (Rosanna’s daughter and h...
); In re Adoption of Taylor, 678 S.W.2d 69,
1
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[ "Your objective is to fill in the blank in the US court opinion excerpt:\ngovernment has breached the clear terms of the agreement. See McHan, 101 F.3d at 1034-35; Thompson, 25 F.3d at 1562-63; Rowe, 676 F.2d at 528. Accordingly, to succeed on her immunity claim, Kozak must demonstrate that an agreement was reached...
); United States v. Carrillo, 709 F.2d 35, 36
2
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[ "In the given US court opinion excerpt, provide the appropriate content to complete it:\nopinion articulates, see concurring and dissenting opinion at 129-30, 34 P.3d at 1028-29 (specifically, prongs (l)(b) and (2)), and believes thal we have . 2 (5th Cir.1993) (observing that, \"[i]n the wake of Muniz, ... a routi...
). 21 . We expressly decline to adopt, as a
2
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[ "Complete the following passage from a US court opinion:\nlieu of child support and spousal support. If the parties had intended payments for spousal support, they could have included that language in the order. In addition, the Consent Order provides that Mallory and appellee will have the use and possession of th...
). Moreover, in addition to any order that the
1
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[ "Your task is to complete the following excerpt from a US court opinion:\ncourt’s dismissal for mootness de novo”). [¶ 10] A trial court properly dismisses a case for mootness if the case “has lost its character as edication). [¶ 15] Common-law dedication requires, (1) an intention to dedicate and, (2) public accep...
). [¶ 16] A common-law dedication must be proven
0
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[ "Complete the following passage from a US court opinion:\nmatter illustrates the impossibility of an adequate appellate review. During voir dire, the State inquired whether any of the prospective jurors or members of their families had experienced drug addiction problems, and it appears from the transcript that sev...
). As did the Florida Supreme Court in Delap v.
4
21
[ "In the given US court opinion excerpt, provide the appropriate content to complete it:\nto act extends beyond thirty days. Landmark American Ins. Co. v. Pulse Ambulance Serv. Inc., 813 S.W.2d 497 (Tex.1991); Check v. Mitchell, 758 S.W.2d 755, 756 (Tex.1988); Ramirez v. Williams Bros. Const Co., 870 S.W.2d 551, 552...
); Kirschberg v. Lowe, 974 S.W.2d 844, 847-48
3
22
[ "Please fill in the missing part of the US court opinion excerpt:\nto allege that a municipal custom or policy caused the plaintiffs injury’ ” (quoting Dwares v. City of New York, 985 F.2d 94, 100 (2d Cir.1993))); Lozada v. City of New York, No. 12-CV-0038 (ILG)(JMA), 2013 WL 3934998, at *7 (E.D.N.Y. July 29, 2013)...
), with Seri v. Town of Newtown, 573 F.Supp.2d
2
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[ "Your objective is to fill in the blank in the US court opinion excerpt:\nsee also Cooper, 508 P.2d at 950-51 (upholding judgment for the plaintiff who was injured in collision with horse on road, finding that trespasser’s opening of gate was not intervening cause in light of defendant’s failure to lock gate and de...
); Hickert v. Wright, 182 Kan. 100, 319 P.2d
3
24
[ "Please fill in the missing part of the US court opinion excerpt:\nc. 279, § 3, that statute does not require, in the absence of prejudice, automatic dismissal, if such disposition does not occur within the six-month period set forth in the statute. The defendant also contends that his due process rights were viola...
). The defendant received a probation revocation
2
25
[ "Your challenge is to complete the excerpt from a US court opinion:\nEstate of Stephenson, 243 Neb. 890, 503 N.W.2d 540 (1993). In reviewing a question of law, an appellate court reaches a conclusion independent of the lower court’s ruling. In re Estate of Stull, supra, citing Goff-Hamel v. Obstetricians & Gyns., P...
). In Doyle v. Union Ins. Co., supra, the
0
26
[ "In the context of a US court opinion, complete the following excerpt:\nthe court of appeals extended this rationale to professional negligence claims against insurance agents. It held that such claims may not be assigned because the relationship of insurance agent and client is similar to that of attorney and clie...
)). Like the courts in the legal malpractice
4
27
[ "In the given US court opinion excerpt, provide the appropriate content to complete it:\nunless such intention is made clearly to appear by express declaration or by necessary implication.... We think the rule applies as much to inherent powers as it does to ‘long established legal principles.’ Therefore, we hold t...
), on which Justice Acoba relies, see concurring
2
28
[ "In the given US court opinion excerpt, provide the appropriate content to complete it:\nCURIAM. DISMISSED. See Logan v. State, 846 So.2d 472 (Fla.2003) (holding that pro se pleadings are to be liberally construed", "In the given US court opinion excerpt, provide the appropriate content to complete it:\nCURIAM. D...
). DAVIS, POLSTON, and THOMAS, JJ.,
3
29
[ "In the given US court opinion excerpt, provide the appropriate content to complete it:\nanatomy does not naturally contain external pockets, pouches, or other places in which personal objects can be conveniently carried. To remedy this anatomical deficiency clothing contains pockets. In addition, many individuals ...
); Minnesota v. Wynne, 552 N.W.2d 218, 220
3
30
[ "Provide the missing portion of the US court opinion excerpt:\nmatter of state law. And because “the highest state court is the final authority on state law,” Fid. Union Trust Co. v. Field, 311 U.S. 169, 177, 61 S.Ct. 176, 85 L.Ed. 109 (1940), and further because “no federal court interpreting California law could ...
). In Ahmed, the plaintiff was hired to work as
3
31
[ "Complete the following passage from a US court opinion:\ndisclose misconduct or merely deals with personal disputes and grievances unrelated to the public’s interest.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). “Speech involves a public concern when the speaker intends to bring to light actual or potential wrongdoing...
). Association Claim The gravamen of this claim
0
32
[ "Complete the following excerpt from a US court opinion:\nafter learning that leave was needed for a serious health condition. In determining whether an employee provided sufficient notice to his employer, the Sixth Circuit has held that the “critical question is whether the information imparted to the employer is ...
) Although “[t]he employee need not assert his
3
33
[ "Provide the missing portion of the US court opinion excerpt:\nthe business records of Maxtron, Santos International, and United Investors related to criminal activity. Because the magistrate's probable cause finding included two separate determinations, we deem it necessary to engage in a two-step probable cause a...
). Indeed, contrary to Norris's assertion,
0
34
[ "In the given US court opinion excerpt, provide the appropriate content to complete it:\nabout preempted labeling issues) (examining the same FDA decisions at issue in this case ,and finding that the. FDA’s 2006 and 2008 rejections of Abbott’s attempts to add a developmental delay warning constitute-clear evidence ...
). Although there have been a limited number of
0
35
[ "In the context of a US court opinion, complete the following excerpt:\nhome, appellant possessed the rifles and exhibited them to Quinley. Quinley’s testimony was sufficient evidence for the jury to find that appellant exclusively possessed the stolen rifles recently after they were stolen. Appellant’s reliance on...
). Consequently, the Court found that the
3
36
[ "In the provided excerpt from a US court opinion, insert the missing content:\nfound to state a cause of action under section 1981 because “Hispanics are frequently identified as ‘nonwhites,’ ”); Tayyari v. New Mexico State University, 495 F.Supp. 1365, 1369-70 (D.N.M.1980) (Plaintiff, an Iranian citizen, found to ...
); Enriquez v. Honeywell, Inc., 431 F.Supp. 901,
0
37
[ "Your objective is to fill in the blank in the US court opinion excerpt:\nto 161 months of imprisonment. Nicholson timely appeals. Counsel has raised two issues: (1) whether Nicholson’s guilty plea was knowing and voluntary and (2) whether his sentence was unreasonable. For the reasons that follow, we affirm. The G...
). Moreover, because Nicholson did not move in
2
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Adapting LLMs to Domains via Continual Pre-Training (ICLR 2024)

This repo contains the evaluation datasets for our paper Adapting Large Language Models via Reading Comprehension.

We explore continued pre-training on domain-specific corpora for large language models. While this approach enriches LLMs with domain knowledge, it significantly hurts their prompting ability for question answering. Inspired by human learning via reading comprehension, we propose a simple method to transform large-scale pre-training corpora into reading comprehension texts, consistently improving prompting performance across tasks in biomedicine, finance, and law domains. Our 7B model competes with much larger domain-specific models like BloombergGPT-50B.

[2024/11/29] 🤗 Introduce the multimodal version of AdaptLLM at AdaMLLM, for adapting MLLMs to domains 🤗

**************************** Updates ****************************

1. Domain-Specific Models

LLaMA-1-7B

In our paper, we develop three domain-specific models from LLaMA-1-7B, which are also available in Huggingface: Biomedicine-LLM, Finance-LLM and Law-LLM, the performances of our AdaptLLM compared to other domain-specific LLMs are:

LLaMA-1-13B

Moreover, we scale up our base model to LLaMA-1-13B to see if our method is similarly effective for larger-scale models, and the results are consistently positive too: Biomedicine-LLM-13B, Finance-LLM-13B and Law-LLM-13B.

LLaMA-2-Chat

Our method is also effective for aligned models! LLaMA-2-Chat requires a specific data format, and our reading comprehension can perfectly fit the data format by transforming the reading comprehension into a multi-turn conversation. We have also open-sourced chat models in different domains: Biomedicine-Chat, Finance-Chat and Law-Chat.

LLaMA-3-8B (💡New!)

In our recent research on Instruction-Pretrain, we developed a context-based instruction synthesizer to augment the raw corpora with instruction-response pairs, enabling Llama3-8B to be comparable to or even outperform Llama3-70B: Finance-Llama3-8B, Biomedicine-Llama3-8B.

2. Domain-Specific Tasks

Pre-templatized Testing Splits

To easily reproduce our prompting results, we have uploaded the filled-in zero/few-shot input instructions and output completions of the test each domain-specific task: biomedicine-tasks, finance-tasks, and law-tasks.

Note: those filled-in instructions are specifically tailored for models before alignment and do NOT fit for the specific data format required for chat models.

Evaluating Any Huggingface LMs on Domain-Specific Tasks (💡New!)

You can use the following script to reproduce our results and evaluate any other Huggingface models on domain-specific tasks. Note that the script is NOT applicable to models that require specific prompt templates (e.g., Llama2-chat, Llama3-Instruct).

1). Set Up Dependencies

git clone https://github.com/microsoft/LMOps
cd LMOps/adaptllm
pip install -r requirements.txt

2). Evaluate the Model

# Select the domain from ['biomedicine', 'finance', 'law']
DOMAIN='law'
  
# Specify any Huggingface model name (Not applicable to chat models)
MODEL='AdaptLLM/law-LLM'
  
# Model parallelization:
# - Set MODEL_PARALLEL=False if the model fits on a single GPU. 
#   We observe that LMs smaller than 10B always meet this requirement.
# - Set MODEL_PARALLEL=True if the model is too large and encounters OOM on a single GPU.
MODEL_PARALLEL=False
  
# Choose the number of GPUs from [1, 2, 4, 8]
N_GPU=1
  
# Whether to add a BOS token at the beginning of the prompt input:
# - Set to False for AdaptLLM.
# - Set to True for instruction-pretrain models.
# If unsure, we recommend setting it to False, as this is suitable for most LMs.
add_bos_token=False

# Run the evaluation script
bash scripts/inference.sh ${DOMAIN} ${MODEL} ${add_bos_token} ${MODEL_PARALLEL} ${N_GPU}

Raw Datasets

We have also uploaded the raw training and testing splits, for facilitating fine-tuning or other usages: ChemProt, RCT, ConvFinQA, FiQA_SA, Headline, NER, FPB

Domain Knowledge Probing

Our pre-processed knowledge probing datasets are available at: med_knowledge_prob and law_knowledge_prob

Citation

If you find our work helpful, please cite us:

@inproceedings{
cheng2024adapting,
title={Adapting Large Language Models via Reading Comprehension},
author={Daixuan Cheng and Shaohan Huang and Furu Wei},
booktitle={The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations},
year={2024},
url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=y886UXPEZ0}
}
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