src/data/redis_cache.py

"""
Thin Redis wrapper for cross-process caching (Upstash Redis REST API).

Falls back gracefully to ``None`` returns when Redis is unavailable,
so callers can use in-memory TTLCache as a fallback.

Usage::

    from src.data.redis_cache import get_redis

    redis = get_redis()            # None if no UPSTASH_REDIS_URL
    if redis:
        redis.set_json("weather:current", data, ttl=1800)
        cached = redis.get_json("weather:current")
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import json
import logging
import os
import threading
from typing import Any, Optional

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Singleton (thread-safe)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

_instance: Optional["RedisCache"] = None
_init_failed: bool = False
_lock = threading.Lock()


def get_redis() -> Optional["RedisCache"]:
    """Return the global RedisCache instance, or *None* if not configured."""
    global _instance, _init_failed

    # Fast path (no lock)
    if _instance is not None:
        return _instance
    if _init_failed:
        return None

    url = os.environ.get("UPSTASH_REDIS_URL")
    token = os.environ.get("UPSTASH_REDIS_TOKEN")
    if not url or not token:
        log.debug("Redis not configured (UPSTASH_REDIS_URL / UPSTASH_REDIS_TOKEN missing)")
        return None

    with _lock:
        # Double-check after acquiring lock
        if _instance is not None:
            return _instance
        if _init_failed:
            return None
        try:
            _instance = RedisCache(url=url, token=token)
            log.info("Redis connected: %s", url.split("@")[-1] if "@" in url else url[:40])
            return _instance
        except Exception as exc:
            _init_failed = True
            log.error("Redis init failed (will not retry): %s", exc)
            return None


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RedisCache (Upstash REST)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

class RedisCache:
    """Minimal Redis cache using the Upstash REST API (no native driver needed)."""

    def __init__(self, url: str, token: str):
        self._url = url.rstrip("/")
        self._headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}
        # Lazy import — requests is already a project dependency
        import requests as _req
        self._req = _req
        # Connectivity check
        resp = self._req.get(f"{self._url}/ping", headers=self._headers, timeout=5)
        resp.raise_for_status()

    # -- JSON helpers -------------------------------------------------------

    def get_json(self, key: str) -> Optional[Any]:
        """Retrieve and JSON-decode a key. Returns None on miss or error."""
        try:
            resp = self._req.get(
                f"{self._url}/get/{key}",
                headers=self._headers,
                timeout=5,
            )
            resp.raise_for_status()
            result = resp.json().get("result")
            if result is None:
                return None
            return json.loads(result)
        except Exception as exc:
            log.debug("Redis GET %s failed: %s", key, exc)
            return None

    def set_json(self, key: str, value: Any, ttl: int = 300) -> bool:
        """JSON-encode and store *value* with a TTL in seconds."""
        try:
            payload = json.dumps(value, default=str)
            # Upstash REST API: POST pipeline format
            resp = self._req.post(
                f"{self._url}/pipeline",
                headers={**self._headers, "Content-Type": "application/json"},
                json=[["SET", key, payload, "EX", str(ttl)]],
                timeout=5,
            )
            resp.raise_for_status()
            return True
        except Exception as exc:
            log.debug("Redis SET %s failed: %s", key, exc)
            return False

    def delete(self, key: str) -> bool:
        """Delete a key."""
        try:
            resp = self._req.get(
                f"{self._url}/del/{key}",
                headers=self._headers,
                timeout=5,
            )
            resp.raise_for_status()
            return True
        except Exception as exc:
            log.debug("Redis DEL %s failed: %s", key, exc)
            return False

    def exists(self, key: str) -> bool:
        """Check if a key exists."""
        try:
            resp = self._req.get(
                f"{self._url}/exists/{key}",
                headers=self._headers,
                timeout=5,
            )
            resp.raise_for_status()
            return resp.json().get("result", 0) == 1
        except Exception:
            return False

    def ping(self) -> bool:
        """Health check."""
        try:
            resp = self._req.get(
                f"{self._url}/ping",
                headers=self._headers,
                timeout=5,
            )
            return resp.status_code == 200
        except Exception:
            return False