---
title: Conditional Styles
description: Learn how to use conditional and responsive styles in Chakra.
---

## Overview

Chakra allows you to write styles for pseudo states, media queries, and custom
data attributes with the conditional style props.

:::note

See the list of [built-in conditions](#reference) below.

:::

## Usage

For example, here's how to change the background color of a button when it's
hovered:

```jsx
<Box bg="red.500" _hover={{ bg: "red.700" }}>
  Hover me
</Box>
```

### Nested condition

Conditional values can be nested to create complex selector rules.

Here's how to change the background color of an element when in focus on hover:

```jsx
<Box bg={{ base: "red.500", _hover: { _focus: "red.700" } }}>
  Hover & Focus me
</Box>
```

### At Rules

This also works with the supported at-rules (`@media`, `@layer`, `@container`,
`@supports`, and `@page`):

```tsx
<Box
  css={{
    "@container (min-width: 10px)": {
      color: "green.300",
    },
  }}
>
  Hello
</Box>
```

## Pseudo Classes

### Hover, Active, Focus, and Disabled

Here's an example of how to style the hover, active, focus, and disabled states
of an element

```jsx
<chakra.button
  _hover={{ bg: "red.700" }}
  _active={{ bg: "red.900" }}
  _focus={{ bg: "red.800" }}
  _disabled={{ opacity: "0.5" }}
>
  Hover me > Hover me
</chakra.button>
```

### First, Last, Odd, Even

Here's an example of how to style the first, last, odd, and even elements in a
list

```jsx
<Box as="ul">
  {items.map((item) => (
    <Box
      as="li"
      key={item}
      _first={{ color: "red.500" }}
      _last={{ color: "red.800" }}
    >
      {item}
    </Box>
  ))}
</Box>
```

You can also style even and odd elements using the `_even` and `_odd` modifier

```jsx
<table>
  <tbody>
    {items.map((item) => (
      <chakra.tr key={item} _even={{ bg: "gray.100" }} _odd={{ bg: "white" }}>
        <td>{item}</td>
      </chakra.tr>
    ))}
  </tbody>
</table>
```

## Pseudo Elements

### Before and After

To style the `::before` and `::after` pseudo elements of an element, use the
`_before` and `_after` modifiers

```jsx /_before/
<Box _before={{ content: '"👋"' }} _after={{ content: '"🥂"' }}>
  Hello
</Box>
```

### Placeholder

To style the placeholder text of any input or textarea, use the `_placeholder`
modifier:

```jsx {3}
<chakra.input
  placeholder="Enter your name"
  _placeholder={{ color: "gray.500" }}
/>
```

### File Inputs

To style the file input button, use the `_file` modifier:

```jsx {3}
<chakra.input
  type="file"
  _file={{ bg: "gray.500", px: "4", py: "2", marginEnd: "3" }}
/>
```

## Media Queries

### Reduced Motion

Use the `_motionReduce` and `_motionSafe` modifiers to style an element based on
the user's motion preference:

```jsx
<Box _motionSafe={{ transition: "all 0.3s" }}>Hello</Box>
```

### Color Scheme

The `prefers-color-scheme` media feature is used to detect if the user has
requested the system to use a light or dark color theme.

Use the `_osLight` and `_osDark` modifiers to style an element based on the
user's color scheme preference:

```jsx
<chakra.div bg={{ base: "white", _osDark: "black" }}>Hello</chakra.div>
```

### Color Contrast

The `prefers-contrast` media feature is used to detect if the user has requested
the system use a high or low contrast theme.

Use the `_highContrast` and `_lessContrast` modifiers to style an element based
on the user's color contrast preference:

```jsx
<Box bg={{ base: "white", _highContrast: "black" }}>Hello</Box>
```

### Orientation

The `orientation` media feature is used to detect if the user has a device in
portrait or landscape mode.

Use the `_portrait` and `_landscape` modifiers to style an element based on the
user's device orientation:

```jsx
<Box pb="4" _portrait={{ pb: "8" }}>
  Hello
</Box>
```

## Selectors

### Arbitrary selectors

For arbitrary, use the `css` prop to write styles for one-off selectors:

```tsx
<Box css={{ "&[data-state=closed]": { color: "red.300" } }} />
```

Here's another example that targets the child elements of a parent element:

```tsx
<Box
  css={{
    "& > *": { margin: "2" },
  }}
/>
```

### Group Selectors

To style an element based on its parent element's state or attribute, add the
`group` class to the parent element, and use any of the `_group*` modifiers on
the child element.

```jsx
<div className="group">
  <Text _groupHover={{ bg: "red.500" }}>Hover me</Text>
</div>
```

This modifier works for every pseudo class modifiers like `_groupHover`,
`_groupActive`, `_groupFocus`, and `_groupDisabled`, etc.

### Sibling Selectors

To style an element based on its sibling element's state or attribute, add the
`peer` class to the sibling element, and use any of the `_peer*` modifiers on
the target element.

```jsx /_peerHover={{ bg: "red.500" }}/
<div>
  <p className="peer">Hover me</p>
  <Box _peerHover={{ bg: "red.500" }}>I'll change by bg</Box>
</div>
```

> **Note:** This only works for when the element marked with `peer` is a
> previous siblings, that is, it comes before the element you want to start.

## Data Attribute

### LTR and RTL

To style an element based on the direction of the text, use the `_ltr` and
`_rtl` modifiers

```jsx {2}
<div dir="ltr">
  <Box _ltr={{ ml: "3" }} _rtl={{ mr: "3" }}>
    Hello
  </Box>
</div>
```

### State

To style an element based on its `data-{state}` attribute, use the corresponding
`_{state}` modifier

```jsx /_loading/
<Box data-loading _loading={{ bg: "gray.500" }}>
  Hello
</Box>
```

This works for common states like `data-active`, `data-disabled`, `data-focus`,
`data-hover`, `data-invalid`, `data-required`, and `data-valid`.

```jsx /_active/
<Box data-active _active={{ bg: "gray.500" }}>
  Hello
</Box>
```

### Orientation

To style an element based on its `data-orientation` attribute, use the
`_horizontal` and `_vertical` modifiers

```jsx
<Box
  data-orientation="horizontal"
  _horizontal={{ bg: "red.500" }}
  _vertical={{ bg: "blue.500" }}
>
  Hello
</Box>
```

## ARIA Attribute

To style an element based on its `aria-{state}=true` attribute, use the
corresponding `_{state}` prop

```jsx
<Box aria-expanded="true" _expanded={{ bg: "gray.500" }}>
  Hello
</Box>
```

## Reference

Here's a list of all the condition props you can use in Chakra:

<ConditionalStylesReferenceDoc />

## Customization

Chakra lets you create your own conditions, so you're not limited to the ones in
the default preset. Learn more about customizing conditions
[here](/docs/theming/customization/conditions).